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Differential effects of maternal diets on birth outcomes and metabolic parameters in rats after ethanol consumption during pregnancy. Br J Nutr 2020; 126:1130-1139. [PMID: 33355064 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520005152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Maternal nutrition status plays an important role in the development of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD), but its direct evidence is lacking. This study compared a standard chow with a semi-purified energy-dense (E-dense) diet on birth and metabolic outcomes in rats after ethanol (EtOH) consumption during pregnancy. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were randomised into four groups: chow (n 6), chow + EtOH (20 %, v/v) (n 7), E-dense (n 6) and E-dense + EtOH (n 8). Birth outcomes including litter size, body and organ weights were collected. Metabolic parameters were measured in dams and pups at postnatal day (PD) 7. Maternal EtOH consumption decreased body weights (P < 0·0001) and litter sizes (P < 0·05) in chow-fed dams. At PD7, pups born to dams fed the E-dense diet had higher body (P < 0·002) and liver weights (P < 0·0001). These pups also had higher plasma total cholesterol (P < 0·0001), TAG (P < 0·003) and alanine aminotransferase (P < 0·03) compared with those from chow-fed dams. Dams fed the E-dense diet had higher plasma total (P < 0·0001) and HDL-cholesterol (P < 0·0001) and lower glucose (P < 0·0001). EtOH increased total cholesterol (P < 0·03) and glucose (P < 0·05) only in dams fed the E-dense diet. Maternal exposure to the E-dense diet attenuated prenatal EtOH-induced weight loss and produced different metabolic outcomes in both dams and pups. While the long-lasting effects of these outcomes are unknown, this study highlights the importance of maternal diet quality for maternal health and infant growth and suggests that maternal nutrition intervention may be a potential target for alleviating FASD.
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Salles GN, Calió ML, Hölscher C, Pacheco-Soares C, Porcionatto M, Lobo AO. Neuroprotective and restorative properties of the GLP-1/GIP dual agonist DA-JC1 compared with a GLP-1 single agonist in Alzheimer's disease. Neuropharmacology 2019; 162:107813. [PMID: 31628935 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The sister incretins glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucagon dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) are growth factors responsible for re-sensitizing insulin signalling. Interestingly, their analogues, originally developed to treat type 2 diabetes (T2D), have demonstrated a range of neuroprotective and neurorestorative properties. Novel peptide GLP-1/GIP dual agonist (DA) shows good effects in diabetic patients, superior to the effects demonstrated by single GIP or GLP-1 mimetics. Furthermore, novel DAs have shown considerable neuroprotection in neurodegenerative models. Here, we investigated the neuroprotective and restorative involvement of the DA DA-JC1 and liraglutide (Lg), a single GLP-1 receptor analogue, in vitro using human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) against oxidative stress induced by oxygen peroxide (H2O2), and in vivo, in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD), APP/PS1. First, we determined the ideal concentration of the peptides and demonstrated that DA-JC1 protects cells against oxidative stress more than Lg, improving cell viability, normalizing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and attenuating DNA damage generated by H2O2. Moreover, in 10-to-12-months-old APP/PS1 animals treated for 4 weeks, both Lg and DA-JC1 were very efficient in stimulating neurogenesis and reducing some important hallmarks of AD, but DA-JC1 was better than Lg in attenuating crucial neuroinflammatory markers, especially reactive astrocyte, in both wild-type (WT) and APP/PS1 hippocampal regions. Altogether, this study suggests an interactive role of GLP-1 and GIP receptors, enhancing the efficiency of single GLP-1 analogues, especially in attenuating oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. We confirm that combining GLP-1 and GIP results in a variety of beneficial effects, providing key evidences for the development of a promising therapeutic strategy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geisa Nogueira Salles
- Laboratory of Dynamics of Cellular Compartments, Instituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (IP&D), Universidade Do Vale Do Paraiba, Av. Shishima Hifumi, 2911, 12244-000, Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil; Departament of Biochemestry, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669, 04039-032, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Michele Longoni Calió
- Departament of Biochemestry, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669, 04039-032, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Christian Hölscher
- Research and Experimental Center, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, 450000, Zhengzhou City, Henan province, China
| | - Cristina Pacheco-Soares
- Laboratory of Dynamics of Cellular Compartments, Instituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (IP&D), Universidade Do Vale Do Paraiba, Av. Shishima Hifumi, 2911, 12244-000, Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Marimelia Porcionatto
- Departament of Biochemestry, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669, 04039-032, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Anderson Oliveira Lobo
- LIMAV - Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Materials Science & Engineering Graduate Program, UFPI - Federal University of Piauí, 64049-550, Teresina, PI, Brazil.
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Dailton Guedes de Oliveira Moraes C, Henrique Godoi B, Chaves Silva Carvalho I, Cristina Pinto J, Carvalho Rossato R, Soares da Silva N, Pacheco Soares C. Genotoxic effects of photodynamic therapy in laryngeal cancer cells - An in vitro study. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 244:262-271. [PMID: 30674213 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219826544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT Recently, the use of photodynamic therapy grows as an alternative treatment for cancer, since it has a noninvasive characteristic and affinity to the tumor tissue. Accordingly, understanding the therapy's foci of action is important for the technique improvement. This work aims to understand the genotoxic effect triggered by the therapy action, thus evidencing the permanent changes caused to the genetic material of the tumor cell after the treatment. Therefore, to increase the knowledge in this study field, the methodology of the comet assay and count of micronucleus formed after the therapy was adopted in order to understand if the damage caused to the DNA of tumor cell makes its replication process unfeasible in future generations. The study allows a better therapeutic approach to the cancer treatment, making the process of association between therapies a more effective option during the disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Dailton Guedes de Oliveira Moraes
- 1 Institute of Research and Development - IP&D, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba - UNIVAP, Laboratory Dynamics of Cellular Compartments, Sao Paulo 12244-000, Brazil
| | - Bruno Henrique Godoi
- 1 Institute of Research and Development - IP&D, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba - UNIVAP, Laboratory Dynamics of Cellular Compartments, Sao Paulo 12244-000, Brazil
| | - Isabel Chaves Silva Carvalho
- 1 Institute of Research and Development - IP&D, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba - UNIVAP, Laboratory Dynamics of Cellular Compartments, Sao Paulo 12244-000, Brazil
| | - Jessica Cristina Pinto
- 1 Institute of Research and Development - IP&D, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba - UNIVAP, Laboratory Dynamics of Cellular Compartments, Sao Paulo 12244-000, Brazil
| | - Rafaella Carvalho Rossato
- 1 Institute of Research and Development - IP&D, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba - UNIVAP, Laboratory Dynamics of Cellular Compartments, Sao Paulo 12244-000, Brazil
| | - Newton Soares da Silva
- 2 Institute of Research and Development - IP&D, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba - UNIVAP, Laboratory of Cell Biology and Tissue, Sao Paulo, CEP 12244-000, Brazil
| | - Cristina Pacheco Soares
- 1 Institute of Research and Development - IP&D, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba - UNIVAP, Laboratory Dynamics of Cellular Compartments, Sao Paulo 12244-000, Brazil
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Rencüzoğulları E, Aydın M. Genotoxic and mutagenic studies of teratogens in developing rat and mouse. Drug Chem Toxicol 2018; 42:409-429. [PMID: 29745766 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2018.1465950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In this review, genotoxic and mutagenic effects of teratogenic chemical agents in both rat and mouse have been reviewed. Of these chemicals, 97 are drugs and 33 are pesticides or belong to other groups. Large literature searches were conducted to determine the effects of chemicals on chromosome abnormalities, sister chromatid exchanges, and micronucleus formation in experimental animals such as rats and mice. In addition, studies that include unscheduled DNA synthesis, DNA adduct formations, and gene mutations, which help to determine the genotoxicity or mutagenicity of chemicals, have been reviewed. It has been estimated that 46.87% of teratogenic drugs and 48.48% of teratogenic pesticides are positive in all tests. So, all of the teratogens involved in this group have genotoxic and mutagenic effects. On the other hand, 36.45% of the drugs and 21.21% of the pesticides have been found to give negative results in at least one test, with the majority of the tests giving positive results. However, only 4.16% of the drugs and 18.18% of the pesticides were determined to give negative results in the majority of the tests. Among tests with major negative results, 12.50% of the teratogenic drugs and 12.12% of the teratogenic pesticides were negative in all conducted tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyyüp Rencüzoğulları
- a Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters , Adiyaman University , Adiyaman , Turkey
| | - Muhsin Aydın
- a Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters , Adiyaman University , Adiyaman , Turkey
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Carvalho ICS, Martinelli CDSM, Milhan NVM, Marchini AMPDS, Dutra TP, de Souza DM, da Rocha RF. Prenatal alcohol exposure reduces mandibular calcium and phosphorus concentrations in newborn rats. J Oral Sci 2017; 58:439-44. [PMID: 27665985 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.16-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies suggest that prenatal alcohol exposure affects fetal bone development, including bone quality. This study evaluated the chemical composition of mandibles from newborn rats after maternal 20% alcohol consumption before and throughout gestation. Nine rats were initially distributed into three groups: an Alcohol group, Pair-fed group, and Control group. The groups were fed prespecified diets for 8 weeks before and the 3 weeks during pregnancy. At age 5 days, eight newborns from each group were euthanized (total, n = 24). Using energy dispersive spectrometry, we evaluated samples of mandibles from newborns to identify changes in bone mineralization, specifically Ca and P concentrations. Ca and P concentrations were lower in the Alcohol group than in the Control and Pair-fed groups (P = 0.003 and P = 0.001, respectively). In summary, alcohol exposure before and throughout gestation reduces mandibular Ca and P concentrations in newborn rats. (J Oral Sci 58, 439-444, 2016).
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel C S Carvalho
- Research and Development Institute, Laboratory Dynamics of Cellular Compartments, University of Paraiba Valley
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Margraf-Ferreira A, Carvalho ICS, Machado SM, Pacheco-Soares C, Galvão CW, Etto RM, da Silva NS. DNA analysis of cattle parasitic protozoan Tritrichomonas foetus after photodynamic therapy. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2017; 18:193-197. [PMID: 28238893 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2017.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a modality of therapy that involves the activation of photosensitive substances and the generation of cytotoxic oxygen species and free radicals to promote the selective destruction of target tissues. This study analyzed the application of PDT to Tritrichomonas foetus, a scourged and etiological agent of bovine trichomoniasis, a sexually transmitted infectious disease. As it is an amitochondrial and aerotolerant protozoan, it produces energy under low O2 tension via hydrogenosome. T. foetus from an axenic culture was incubated with photosensitizer tetrasulfonated aluminium phthalocyanine and then irradiated with a laser source (InGaAIP) at a density of 4.5Jcm-2. The DNA integrity of the control and treated group parasites was analyzed by conventional gel electrophoresis and comet assay techniques. In previous results, morphological changes characterized by apoptotic cell death were observed after T. foetus was submitted to PDT treatment. In the treated groups, T. foetus DNA showed a higher concentration of small fragments, about 200pb, in gel electrophoresis after PDT. In the comet assay, the DNA tail percentage was significantly higher in the treated groups. These results demonstrate that PDT leads to DNA fragmentation with changes in nuclear morphology and apoptotic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Margraf-Ferreira
- Research and Development Institute, UNIVAP, São José dos Campos, SP 12244-000, Brazil
| | - I C S Carvalho
- Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis Department, ICT/UNESP, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - S M Machado
- Research and Development Institute, UNIVAP, São José dos Campos, SP 12244-000, Brazil
| | - C Pacheco-Soares
- Research and Development Institute, UNIVAP, São José dos Campos, SP 12244-000, Brazil
| | - C W Galvão
- Structural, Molecular and Genetics Biology Department, UEPG, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - R M Etto
- Chemistry Department, UEPG, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - N S da Silva
- Research and Development Institute, UNIVAP, São José dos Campos, SP 12244-000, Brazil.
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Comet assay: an essential tool in toxicological research. Arch Toxicol 2016; 90:2315-36. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1767-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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