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Kishinchand R, Boyce M, Vyas H, Sewell L, Mohi A, Brengartner L, Miller R, Gorr MW, Wold LE, Cray J. In Utero Exposure to Maternal Electronic Nicotine Delivery System use Demonstrate Alterations to Craniofacial Development. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2024; 61:1389-1397. [PMID: 36916055 DOI: 10.1177/10556656231163400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Develop a model for the study of Electronic Nicotine Device (ENDS) exposure on craniofacial development. DESIGN Experimental preclinical design followed as pregnant murine dams were randomized and exposed to filtered air exposure, carrier exposure consisting of 50% volume of propylene glycol and vegetable glycine (ENDS Carrier) respectively, or carrier exposure with 20 mg/ml of nicotine added to the liquid vaporizer (ENDS carrier with nicotine). SETTING Preclinical murine model exposure using the SciReq exposure system. PARTICIPANTS C57BL6 adult 8 week old female pregnant mice and exposed in utero litters. INTERVENTIONS Exposure to control filtered air, ENDS carrier or ENDS carrier with nicotine added throughout gestation at 1 puff/minute, 4 h/day, five days a week. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Cephalometric measures of post-natal day 15 pups born as exposed litters. RESULTS Data suggests alterations to several facial morphology parameters in the developing offspring, suggesting electronic nicotine device systems may alter facial growth if used during pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS Future research should concentrate on varied formulations and exposure regimens of ENDS to determine timing windows of exposures and ENDS formulations that may be harmful to craniofacial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv Kishinchand
- Department of Biomedical Education and Anatomy, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Mark Boyce
- Department of Biomedical Education and Anatomy, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Heema Vyas
- Department of Biomedical Education and Anatomy, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Leslie Sewell
- Department of Biomedical Education and Anatomy, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Amr Mohi
- Department of Biomedical Education and Anatomy, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Lexie Brengartner
- Department of Biomedical Education and Anatomy, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Roy Miller
- School of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Matthew W Gorr
- School of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Loren E Wold
- School of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - James Cray
- Department of Biomedical Education and Anatomy, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Maykovich T, Hardy S, Hamann MT, Cray J. Manzamine-A Alters In Vitro Calvarial Osteoclast Function. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2024; 87:560-566. [PMID: 38383319 PMCID: PMC11173362 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c01097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Manzamine-A is a marine-derived alkaloid that has demonstrated antimalarial and antiproliferative properties and is an emerging drug lead compound as a possible intervention in certain cancers. This compound has been found to modulate SIX1 gene expression, a target that is critical for the proliferation and survival of cells via various developmental pathways. As yet, little research has focused on manzamine-A and how its use may affect tissue systems including bone. Here we hypothesized that manzamine-A, through its interaction with SIX1, would alter precursor cells that give rise to the bone cell responsible for remodeling: the osteoclast. We further hypothesized reduced effects in differentiated osteoclasts, as these cells are generally not mitotic. We interrogated the effects of manzamine-A on preosteoclasts and osteoclasts. qrtPCR, MTS cell viability, Caspase 3/7, and TRAP staining were used as a functional assay. Preosteoclasts show responsiveness to manzamine-A treatment exhibited by decreases in cell viability and an increase in apoptosis. Osteoclasts also proved to be affected by manzamine-A but only at higher concentrations where apoptosis was increased and activation was reduced. In summary, our presented results suggest manzamine-A may have significant effects on bone development and health through multiple cell targets, previously shown in the osteoblast cell lineage, the cell responsible for mineralized tissue formation, and here in the osteoclast, the cell responsible for the removal of mineralized tissue and renewal via precipitation of bone remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Maykovich
- Department of Biomedical Education and Anatomy, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Samantha Hardy
- Department of Biomedical Education and Anatomy, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Mark T Hamann
- Departments of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Colleges of Pharmacy and Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425-1410, United States
| | - James Cray
- Department of Biomedical Education and Anatomy, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
- Division of Biosciences, The Ohio State College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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Durham EL, Grey ZJ, Black L, Howie RN, Barth JL, Lee BS, Cray JJ. Sfrp4 expression in thyroxine treated calvarial cells. Life Sci 2022; 311:121158. [PMID: 36370870 PMCID: PMC9719041 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Evidence suggests alterations of thyroid hormone levels can disrupt normal bone development. Most data suggest the major targets of thyroid hormones to be the Htra1/Igf1 pathway. Recent discovery by our group suggests involvement of targets WNT pathway, specifically overexpression of antagonist Sfrp4 in the presence of exogenous thyroid hormone. MAIN METHODS Here we aimed to model these interactions in vitro using primary and isotype cell lines to determine if thyroid hormone drives increased Sfrp4 expression in cells relevant to craniofacial development. Transcriptional profiling, bioinformatics interrogation, protein and function analyses were used. KEY FINDINGS Affymetrix transcriptional profiling found Sfrp4 overexpression in primary cranial suture derived cells stimulated with thyroxine in vitro. Interrogation of the SFRP4 promoter identified multiple putative binding sites for thyroid hormone receptors. Experimentation with several cell lines demonstrated that thyroxine treatment induced Sfrp4 expression, demonstrating that Sfrp4 mRNA and protein levels are not tightly coupled. Transcriptional and protein analyses demonstrate thyroid hormone receptor binding to the proximal promoter of the target gene Sfrp4 in murine calvarial pre-osteoblasts. Functional analysis after thyroxine hormone stimulation for alkaline phosphatase activity shows that pre-osteoblasts increase alkaline phosphatase activity compared to other cell types, suggesting cell type susceptibility. Finally, we added recombinant SFRP4 to pre-osteoblasts in combination with thyroxine treatment and observed a significant decrease in alkaline phosphatase positivity. SIGNIFICANCE Taken together, these results suggest SFRP4 may be a key regulatory molecule that prevents thyroxine driven osteogenesis. These data corroborate clinical findings indicating a potential for SFRP4 as a diagnostic or therapeutic target for hyperostotic craniofacial disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L Durham
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zachary J Grey
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Laurel Black
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - R Nicole Howie
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Jeremy L Barth
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Beth S Lee
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - James J Cray
- Department of Biomedical Education and Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Pharmacological exposures may precipitate craniosynostosis through targeted stem cell depletion. Stem Cell Res 2019; 40:101528. [PMID: 31415959 PMCID: PMC6915957 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2019.101528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Birth Defects Study suggests that environmental exposures including maternal thyroid diseases, maternal nicotine use, and use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) may exacerbate incidence and or severity of craniofacial abnormalities including craniosynostosis. Premature fusion of a suture(s) of the skull defines the birth defect craniosynostosis which occurs in 1:1800–2500 births. A proposed mechanism of craniosynostosis is the disruption of proliferation and differentiation of cells in the perisutural area. Here, we hypothesize that pharmacological exposures including excess thyroid hormone, nicotine, and SSRIs lead to an alteration of stem cells within the sutures resulting in premature fusion. In utero exposure to nicotine and citalopram (SSRI) increased the risk of premature suture fusion in a wild-type murine model. Gli1+ stem cells were reduced, stem cell populations were depleted, and homeostasis of the suture mesenchyme was altered with exposure. Thus, although these pharmacological exposures can deplete calvarial stem cell populations leading to craniosynostosis, depletion of stem cells is not a unifying mechanism for pharmacological exposure associated craniosynostosis.
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Durham E, Howie RN, Warren G, LaRue A, Cray J. Direct Effects of Nicotine Exposure on Murine Calvaria and Calvarial Cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3805. [PMID: 30846819 PMCID: PMC6405741 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40796-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the link between adverse birth outcomes due to pre- and peri-natal nicotine exposure, research suggests 11% of US women continue to smoke or use alternative nicotine products throughout pregnancy. Maternal smoking has been linked to incidence of craniofacial anomalies. We hypothesized that pre-natal nicotine exposure may directly alter craniofacial development independent of the other effects of cigarette smoking. To test this hypothesis, we administered pregnant C57BL6 mice drinking water supplemented with 0, 50, 100 or 200 μg/ml nicotine throughout pregnancy. On postnatal day 15 pups were sacrificed and skulls underwent micro-computed tomography (µCT) and histological analyses. Specific nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, α3, α7, β2, β4 were identified within the calvarial growth sites (sutures) and centers (synchondroses). Exposing murine calvarial suture derived cells and isotype cells to relevant circulating nicotine levels alone and in combination with nicotinic receptor agonist and antagonists resulted in cell specific effects. Most notably, nicotine exposure increased proliferation in calvarial cells, an effect that was modified by receptor agonist and antagonist treatment. Currently it is unclear what component(s) of cigarette smoke is causative in birth defects, however these data indicate that nicotine alone is capable of disrupting growth and development of murine calvaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Durham
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - R Nicole Howie
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Graham Warren
- Departments of Radiation Oncology and Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Amanda LaRue
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Administration Medical Center, 99 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - James Cray
- Department of Biomedical Education & Anatomy, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, 279 Hamilton Hall, 1645 Neil Ave, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA.
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Howie RN, Herberg S, Durham E, Grey Z, Bennfors G, Elsalanty M, LaRue AC, Hill WD, Cray JJ. Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor sertraline inhibits bone healing in a calvarial defect model. Int J Oral Sci 2018; 10:25. [PMID: 30174329 PMCID: PMC6119683 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-018-0026-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone wound healing is a highly dynamic and precisely controlled process through which damaged bone undergoes repair and complete regeneration. External factors can alter this process, leading to delayed or failed bone wound healing. The findings of recent studies suggest that the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) can reduce bone mass, precipitate osteoporotic fractures and increase the rate of dental implant failure. With 10% of Americans prescribed antidepressants, the potential of SSRIs to impair bone healing may adversely affect millions of patients' ability to heal after sustaining trauma. Here, we investigate the effect of the SSRI sertraline on bone healing through pre-treatment with (10 mg·kg-1 sertraline in drinking water, n = 26) or without (control, n = 30) SSRI followed by the creation of a 5-mm calvarial defect. Animals were randomized into three surgical groups: (a) empty/sham, (b) implanted with a DermaMatrix scaffold soak-loaded with sterile PBS or (c) DermaMatrix soak-loaded with 542.5 ng BMP2. SSRI exposure continued until sacrifice in the exposed groups at 4 weeks after surgery. Sertraline exposure resulted in decreased bone healing with significant decreases in trabecular thickness, trabecular number and osteoclast dysfunction while significantly increasing mature collagen fiber formation. These findings indicate that sertraline exposure can impair bone wound healing through disruption of bone repair and regeneration while promoting or defaulting to scar formation within the defect site.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Nicole Howie
- Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Samuel Herberg
- Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Emily Durham
- Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Zachary Grey
- Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Grace Bennfors
- Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Mohammed Elsalanty
- Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Oral Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Amanda C LaRue
- Institute for Regenerative and Reparative Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Research Service of the Ralph H Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - William D Hill
- Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Research Service of the Ralph H Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - James J Cray
- Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
- Institute for Regenerative and Reparative Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Biology, Charleston, SC, USA.
- Division of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Durham EL, Howie RN, Cray JJ. Gene/environment interactions in craniosynostosis: A brief review. Orthod Craniofac Res 2018. [PMID: 28643932 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
It is suggested that craniosynostosis is caused by a heterogeneous set of effects including gene mutations, teratogenic exposure during critical periods of development and gene/environment interactions. Distinguishing between sufficient, additive and interactive effects is important to the study of gene/environment interactions and allows for segregation of environmental exposures effecting susceptible populations. Through the identification of sufficient and interactive effects, efforts in prevention of craniosynostosis may be successful. Here, we provide a brief review focusing on defining these categorized exposures and relevant literature that has interrogated gene/environment interactions for craniosynostosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Durham
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - R N Howie
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - J J Cray
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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