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Sadeghi T, Ahmadi A, Javadian M, Gholamian SA, Delavar MA, Esmailzadeh S, Ahmadi B, Hadighi MSH. Preterm birth among women living within 600 meters of high voltage overhead Power Lines: a case-control study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:145-150. [PMID: 28422709 DOI: 10.1515/rjim-2017-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM The issue of preterm birth due to exposure to magnetic fields from power lines is unclear. Exposure to electromagnetic field in uterus has been hypothesized as possible preterm birth. The aim of the present study was to determine whether living closer to high voltage power lines increased the risk of preterm labor. METHODS In a nested case-control study, 135 cases of singleton live spontaneous preterm birth in Rohani hospital, Babol, Iran, during the period between 2013 and 2014 were studied. The 150 control subjects were singleton term live birth in the same year of birth and city of residence using randomized-digit dialing. The shortest distance to any of the high voltage power lines to the maternal residence during pregnancy was measured using ArcGIS software for every case and control. To test the association between the preterm births and the residential proximity to power lines, stepwise multiple logistic regression was used. RESULTS There were 28 households, 20 cases (14.8%) and 8 controls (5.3%) situated within 600 meters of high voltage power lines. The adjusted OR for spontaneous preterm birth and birth defect in women who were living in less than 600 meters from high voltage power lines was higher compared to those living at farther distance (OR = 3.28, CI: 1.37 to 7.85) and (OR = 5.05, CI: 1.52 to 16.78), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, installing overhead power lines and stations within 600 meters or making overhead underground would be useful in the prevention of both preterm birth and birth defect.
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Alonso A, Bahillo A, de la Rosa R, Carrera A, Durán RJ, Fernández P. Measurement procedure to assess exposure to extremely low-frequency fields: a primary school case study. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2012; 151:426-436. [PMID: 22456991 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncs026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
How to correctly measure the exposure of general public to extremely low-frequency (ELF) radiation is a key issue for ELF epidemiological studies. This paper proposes a measurement procedure to accurately assess the exposure of people to electric and magnetic field in the frequency band from 5 Hz to 100 kHz in buildings and their premises. As ELF radiation could be particularly harmful to children, the measurement procedure is focused on exposure to ELF in schools. Thus, the students' exposure to ELF fields can be assessed by correlating the ELF measurements to the hours of school activity. In this paper, the measurement protocol was applied to study the ELF exposure on students from García Quintana primary school in Valladolid, Spain. The campaign of measurements for ELF exposure assessment in this primary school was of great interest for the Regional Council of Public Health because of the social alarm generated by the presence of a significant number cancer cases in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Alonso
- Department of Signal Theory and Communications and Telematic Engineering, University of Valladolid. Paseo de Belén 15, 47011, Valladolid, Spain
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Malagoli C, Fabbi S, Teggi S, Calzari M, Poli M, Ballotti E, Notari B, Bruni M, Palazzi G, Paolucci P, Vinceti M. Risk of hematological malignancies associated with magnetic fields exposure from power lines: a case-control study in two municipalities of northern Italy. Environ Health 2010; 9:16. [PMID: 20353586 PMCID: PMC2856548 DOI: 10.1186/1476-069x-9-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2009] [Accepted: 03/30/2010] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some epidemiologic studies have suggested an association between electromagnetic field exposure induced by high voltage power lines and childhood leukemia, but null results have also been yielded and the possibility of bias due to unmeasured confounders has been suggested. METHODS We studied this relation in the Modena and Reggio Emilia municipalities of northern Italy, identifying the corridors along high voltage power lines with calculated magnetic field intensity in the 0.1-<0.2, 0.2-<0.4, and > or = 0.4 microTesla ranges. We identified 64 cases of newly-diagnosed hematological malignancies in children aged <14 within these municipalities from 1986 to 2007, and we sampled four matched controls for each case, collecting information on historical residence and parental socioeconomic status of these subjects. RESULTS Relative risk of leukemia associated with antecedent residence in the area with exposure > or = 0.1 microTesla was 3.2 (6.7 adjusting for socioeconomic status), but this estimate was statistically very unstable, its 95% confidence interval being 0.4-23.4, and no indication of a dose-response relation emerged. Relative risk for acute lymphoblastic leukemia was 5.3 (95% confidence interval 0.7-43.5), while there was no increased risk for the other hematological malignancies. CONCLUSIONS Though the number of exposed children in this study was too low to allow firm conclusions, results were more suggestive of an excess risk of leukemia among exposed children than of a null relation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Malagoli
- CREAGEN - Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Sara Fabbi
- LARMA - Laboratory of Environmental Analysis, Surveying and Environmental Monitoring, Department of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Vignolese 905, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Sergio Teggi
- LARMA - Laboratory of Environmental Analysis, Surveying and Environmental Monitoring, Department of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Vignolese 905, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Mariagiulia Calzari
- Local Health Unit of Reggio Emilia, via Amendola 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Poli
- ARPA - Emilia Romagna Environmental Protection Agency, section of Reggio Emilia, via Amendola 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Elena Ballotti
- ARPA - Emilia Romagna Environmental Protection Agency, section of Reggio Emilia, via Amendola 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Barbara Notari
- ARPA - Emilia Romagna Environmental Protection Agency, section of Modena, via Fontanelli 23, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Maurizio Bruni
- ARPA - Emilia Romagna Environmental Protection Agency, section of Modena, via Fontanelli 23, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Giovanni Palazzi
- Department of Mother and Child, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Paolo Paolucci
- Department of Mother and Child, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Marco Vinceti
- CREAGEN - Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy
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Kheifets L, Oksuzyan S. Exposure assessment and other challenges in non-ionizing radiation studies of childhood leukaemia. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2008; 132:139-147. [PMID: 18940819 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncn260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Studies of electromagnetic fields (EMF) and the development of childhood leukaemia face unique difficulties. EMF are imperceptible, ubiquitous, have multiple sources, and can vary greatly over time and distances. Childhood leukaemia and high average exposures to magnetic fields are both quite rare. Thus, a major challenge in EMF epidemiology is the small number of highly exposed cases and the necessity for retrospective assessment of exposure. Only studies designed to minimize bias while maximizing our ability to detect an association, should one exist, would have a potential to contribute to our understanding. New approaches are needed; the most promising in the extremely low-frequency range involves a study of a highly exposed cohort of children who have lived in apartments next to built-in transformers or electrical equipment rooms. Another promising avenue is an investigation of possible joint effects of environmental exposures and genetic co-factors. An exposure assessment methodology for residential radiofrequency fields is still in its infancy. Rapid changes in technology and exponential increases in its use make exposure assessment more difficult and urgent.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Kheifets
- UCLA School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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