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Hu X, Liu W, Sun L, Xu S, Wang T, Meng J, Wen T, Liu Q, Liu J, Xu H. Magnetic Nanofibrous Scaffolds Accelerate the Regeneration of Muscle Tissue in Combination with Extra Magnetic Fields. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084440. [PMID: 35457258 PMCID: PMC9025939 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The reversal of loss of the critical size of skeletal muscle is urgently required using biomaterial scaffolds to guide tissue regeneration. In this work, coaxial electrospun magnetic nanofibrous scaffolds were fabricated, with gelatin (Gel) as the shell of the fiber and polyurethane (PU) as the core. Iron oxide nanoparticles (Mag) of 10 nm diameter were added to the shell and core layer. Myoblast cells (C2C12) were cultured on the magnetic scaffolds and exposed to the applied magnetic fields. A mouse model of skeletal muscle injury was used to evaluate the repair guided by the scaffolds under the magnetic fields. It was shown that VEGF secretion and MyoG expression for the myoblast cells grown on the magnetic scaffolds under the magnetic fields were significantly increased, while, the gene expression of Myh4 was up-regulated. Results from an in vivo study indicated that the process of skeletal muscle regeneration in the mouse muscle injury model was accelerated by using the magnetic actuated strategy, which was verified by histochemical analysis, immunofluorescence staining of CD31, electrophysiological measurement and ultrasound imaging. In conclusion, the integration of a magnetic scaffold combined with the extra magnetic fields enhanced myoblast differentiation and VEGF secretion and accelerated the defect repair of skeletal muscle in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechun Hu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; (X.H.); (L.S.); (S.X.); (T.W.); (J.M.); (T.W.); (Q.L.)
| | - Wenhao Liu
- Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100073, China;
| | - Lihong Sun
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; (X.H.); (L.S.); (S.X.); (T.W.); (J.M.); (T.W.); (Q.L.)
| | - Shilin Xu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; (X.H.); (L.S.); (S.X.); (T.W.); (J.M.); (T.W.); (Q.L.)
| | - Tao Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; (X.H.); (L.S.); (S.X.); (T.W.); (J.M.); (T.W.); (Q.L.)
| | - Jie Meng
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; (X.H.); (L.S.); (S.X.); (T.W.); (J.M.); (T.W.); (Q.L.)
| | - Tao Wen
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; (X.H.); (L.S.); (S.X.); (T.W.); (J.M.); (T.W.); (Q.L.)
| | - Qingqiao Liu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; (X.H.); (L.S.); (S.X.); (T.W.); (J.M.); (T.W.); (Q.L.)
| | - Jian Liu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; (X.H.); (L.S.); (S.X.); (T.W.); (J.M.); (T.W.); (Q.L.)
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (H.X.); Tel.: +86-10-6915-6437 (H.X.)
| | - Haiyan Xu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; (X.H.); (L.S.); (S.X.); (T.W.); (J.M.); (T.W.); (Q.L.)
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (H.X.); Tel.: +86-10-6915-6437 (H.X.)
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Mueller CE, Birk R, Kramer B, Wenzel A, Sommer JU, Hörmann K, Stern-Straeter J, Weilbach C. Influence of static magnetic fields on human myoblast/mesenchymal stem cell co‑cultures. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:3813-3820. [PMID: 29286120 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The results of surgical repair of extensive muscle tissue defects are still of primary concern, leaving patients with residual cosmetic and functional impairments. Therefore, skeletal muscle tissue engineering attempts to grow functional neo‑tissue from human stem cells to promote tissue regeneration and support defect closure. Despite intensive research efforts, the goal of stable induction of myogenic differentiation in expanded human stem cells by using clinically feasible stimuli, has not yet been reached to a sufficient extent. Therefore, the present study investigated the differentiation potential of static magnetic fields (SMFs), using co‑cultures of human satellite cells and human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). It has previously been demonstrated that SMFs may act as a promising myogenic stimulus. Tests were performed on co‑cultures with and without SMF exposure, using growth medium [high growth factor concentrations (GM)] and differentiation medium [low growth factors concentrations (DM)]. AlamarBlue® assay‑based cell proliferation analysis revealed no significant difference between co‑cultures with, vs. without SMF stimulation, regardless of growth factor concentrations in the cell culture medium. To determine the degree of differentiation in co‑cultures under stimulation with SMFs, semi‑quantitative gene expression measurements of the following marker genes were performed: Desmin, myogenic factor 5, myogenic differentiation antigen 1, myogenin, adult myosin heavy chain 1 and skeletal muscle α1 actin. In neither GM nor DM was a steady, significant increase in marker gene expression detected. Verifying the gene expression findings, immunohistochemical antibody staining against differentiation markers revealed that SMF exposure did not enhance myogenic maturation. Therefore, SMF treatment of human satellite cell/MSC co‑cultures did not result in the desired increase in myogenic differentiation. Further studies are required to identify a suitable stimulus for skeletal muscle tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Emika Mueller
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, D‑68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Richard Birk
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Marburg University Hospital, Philipps‑University Marburg, D-35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Benedikt Kramer
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, D‑68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Angela Wenzel
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, D‑68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - J Ulrich Sommer
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, D‑68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Karl Hörmann
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, D‑68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Christian Weilbach
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Josefs‑Hospital, D‑49661 Cloppenburg, Germany
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Abstract
Severe skeletal muscle injuries are common and can lead to extensive fibrosis, scarring, and loss of function. Clinically, no therapeutic intervention exists that allows for a full functional restoration. As a result, both drug and cellular therapies are being widely investigated for treatment of muscle injury. Because muscle is known to respond to mechanical loading, we investigated instead whether a material system capable of massage-like compressions could promote regeneration. Magnetic actuation of biphasic ferrogel scaffolds implanted at the site of muscle injury resulted in uniform cyclic compressions that led to reduced fibrous capsule formation around the implant, as well as reduced fibrosis and inflammation in the injured muscle. In contrast, no significant effect of ferrogel actuation on muscle vascularization or perfusion was found. Strikingly, ferrogel-driven mechanical compressions led to enhanced muscle regeneration and a ∼threefold increase in maximum contractile force of the treated muscle at 2 wk compared with no-treatment controls. Although this study focuses on the repair of severely injured skeletal muscle, magnetically stimulated bioagent-free ferrogels may find broad utility in the field of regenerative medicine.
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Surma SV, Belostotskaya GB, Shchegolev BF, Stefanov VE. Effect of weak static magnetic fields on the development of cultured skeletal muscle cells. Bioelectromagnetics 2014; 35:537-46. [PMID: 25266690 DOI: 10.1002/bem.21876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We studied the effect produced on the development and functional activity of skeletal muscle cells from newborn Wistar rats in primary culture by weak static magnetic fields (WSMF; 60-400 µT) with a high capacity of penetrating the biological media. To reduce the impact of external magnetic fields, cells were cultured at 37 °C in a multilayered shielding chamber with the attenuation coefficient equal to 160. WSMF inside the chamber was created by a circular permanent magnet. We found that the application of WSMF with the magnetic field strength only a few times that of the geomagnetic field can accelerate the development of skeletal muscle cells, resulting in the formation of multinuclear hypertrophied myotubes. WSMF was shown to induce 1.5- to 3.5-fold rise in the concentration of intracellular calcium [Ca(2+)]i due to the release of Ca(2+) from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) through ryanodine receptors (RyR), which increases in the maturation of myotubes. We also found that fully differentiated myotubes at late stages of development were less sensitive to WSMF, manifesting a gradual decrease in the frequency of contractions. However, myotubes at the stage when electromechanical coupling was forming dramatically reduced the frequency of contractions during the first minutes of their exposure to WSMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei V Surma
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Pavlov Institute of Physiology Russian Academy of Sciences Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
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BIRK RICHARD, SOMMER ULRICH, FABER ANNE, ADERHOLD CHRISTOPH, SCHULZ JOHANNESD, HÖRMANN KARL, GOESSLER ULRICHREINHART, STERN-STRAETER JENS. Evaluation of the effect of static magnetic fields combined with human hepatocyte growth factor on human satellite cell cultures. Mol Med Rep 2014; 9:2328-34. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Fayol D, Frasca G, Le Visage C, Gazeau F, Luciani N, Wilhelm C. Use of magnetic forces to promote stem cell aggregation during differentiation, and cartilage tissue modeling. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2013; 25:2611-6. [PMID: 23526452 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201300342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic forces induce cell condensation necessary for stem cell differentiation into cartilage and elicit the formation of a tissue-like structure: Magnetically driven fusion of aggregates assembled by micromagnets results in the formation of a continuous tissue layer containing abundant cartilage matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Fayol
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), UMR 7057 CNRS & University Paris Diderot, Paris, France
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