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Amaroli A, Clemente Vargas MR, Pasquale C, Raffetto M, Ravera S. Photobiomodulation on isolated mitochondria at 810 nm: first results on the efficiency of the energy conversion process. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11060. [PMID: 38744931 PMCID: PMC11094005 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61740-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
In this paper the photobiomodulation on isolated mitochondria of bovine liver is studied as a thermodynamic process of conversion of energy. This analysis is conducted by considering a particular set-up for the photobiomodulation experiments of interest. It allows, in particular, the computation of the electromagnetic field and the related energetic quantities in the stimulated organelles. The measurements of the excess of biochemical power density produced by the illuminated mitochondria are performed at regular time intervals after the experiments. The calculations and the measurements finally allow us to obtain the first results on the efficiency of the process of conversion of electromagnetic energy into excess of biochemical energy released by the isolated organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Amaroli
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences, University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mario Rene Clemente Vargas
- Department of Electrical, Electronic, Telecommunications Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Genoa, Via Opera Pia 11a, 16145, Genoa, Italy
| | - Claudio Pasquale
- Department of Mechanical, Energy, Management and Transport Engineering, University of Genova, Via Opera Pia 15, 16145, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mirco Raffetto
- Department of Electrical, Electronic, Telecommunications Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Genoa, Via Opera Pia 11a, 16145, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Silvia Ravera
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Via L. B. Alberti 2, 16132, Genoa, Italy
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Hanna R, Dalvi S, Tomov G, Hopper C, Rebaudi F, Rebaudi AL, Bensadoun RJ. Emerging potential of phototherapy in management of symptomatic oral lichen planus: A systematic review of randomised controlled clinical trials. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2023:e202300046. [PMID: 37017292 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Phototherapy incorporating photobiomodulation therapy and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy has been utilised as antioxidants in symptomatic oral lichen planus (OLP) management; however, its role of intervention remains controversial. The aim of this systematic review of CRD42021227788 PROSPERO (an international prospective register of systematic reviews in health and social care) registration number was to oversee and determine phototherapy efficacy in patients with symptomatic OLP, identifying and bridging the literature gaps by proposing recommendations for future studies. A search strategy was developed in consistent with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Various electronic databases were exercised to search for randomised controlled clinical trials (RCTs). Several search engines were employed to analyse a total of 177 studies of which nine included. A wide range of utilised laser and light-emitted diode wavelengths between 630 and 808 nm and irradiance ranged between 10 and 13 mW/cm2 were noted. 67% of studies reported a high risk of bias and a high heterogeneity obtained from numerical data for quantitative analysis, therefore meta-analysis was impossible to conduct. Despite inconsistency and diversity in phototherapy parameters, treatment protocols, photosensitiser (type, concentration and method of application) and outcome assessment tools, the majority of the studies showed positive results compared with standard care treatments. Hence, a necessity to perform well-designed RCTs with robust methodology is warranted, after acknowledging the current drawbacks and addressing the suggested recommendations highlighted in our review. Moreover, advanced knowledge in understanding further phototherapy-antioxidants molecular mechanistic in symptomatic OLP is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Hanna
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, Laser Therapy Centre, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Restorative and Dental Sciences, UCL-Eastman Dental Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rockefeller Building, London, UK
| | - Snehal Dalvi
- Department of Periodontology, Swargiya Dadasaheb Kalmegh Smruti Dental College and Hospital, Nagpur, India
| | - Georgi Tomov
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Colin Hopper
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Diagnostics, Medical and Surgical Sciences, UCL-Eastman Dental Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rockefeller Building, London, UK
| | - Federico Rebaudi
- Department of Expiremental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alberto Luigi Rebaudi
- Department of Surgery and Implants, School of Dentistry, Universitat International de Catalunya (UIC), Barcelona, Spain
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Photobiomodulation Therapy through a Novel Flat-Top Hand-Piece Prototype Improves Tissue Regeneration in Amphioxus (Branchiostoma lanceolatum): Proposal of an Ethical Model for Preclinical Screening. PHOTONICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics9070503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Despite the literature providing compelling evidence for the medical efficacy of photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy, its consistency in terms of accuracy and standardization needs improving. Identification of new technology and reliable and ethical biological models is, therefore, a challenge for researchers working on PBM. We tested the reliability of PBM irradiation through a novel delivery probe with a flat-top beam profile on the regenerating amphioxus Branchiostoma lanceolatum. The caudalmost 9 ± 1 myotomes, posterior to the anus, were excised using a sterile lancet. Animals were randomly split into three experimental groups. In the control group, the beam area was bounded with the 635-nm red-light pointer (negligible power, <0.5 mW) and the laser device was coded to irradiate 810 nm and 0 W. In Group laser-1, the beam area was bounded with the same 635-nm red-light pointer and irradiated at 810 nm, 1 W in CW for 60 s, spot-size 1 cm2, 1 W/cm2, 60 J/cm2, and 60 J; irradiation was performed every day for two weeks. In Group laser-2, the beam area was bounded with the same 635-nm red-light pointer and irradiated at 810 nm, 1 W in CW for 60 s, spot-size 1 cm2, 1 W/cm2, 60 J/cm2, and 60 J; irradiation was performed on alternate days for four weeks. We observed that PBM improved the natural wound-healing and regeneration process. The effect was particularly evident for the notochord. Daily irradiation better supported the regenerative process.
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Wu D, Zhao YL, Dai RJ, Rong PJ, Wang Y. Application of photobiomodulation therapy in acupuncture. WORLD JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/wjtcm.wjtcm_12_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Amaroli A, Pasquale C, Zekiy A, Benedicenti S, Marchegiani A, Sabbieti MG, Agas D. Steering the multipotent mesenchymal cells towards an anti-inflammatory and osteogenic bias via photobiomodulation therapy: How to kill two birds with one stone. J Tissue Eng 2022; 13:20417314221110192. [PMID: 35832724 PMCID: PMC9272199 DOI: 10.1177/20417314221110192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The bone marrow-derived multipotent mesenchymal cells (MSCs) have captured scientific interest due to their multi-purpose features and clinical applications. The operational dimension of MSCs is not limited to the bone marrow reservoir, which exerts bone-building and niche anabolic tasks; they also meet the needs of quenching inflammation and restoring inflamed tissues. Thus, the range of MSC activities extends to conditions such as neurodegenerative diseases, immune disorders and various forms of osteopenia. Steering these cells towards becoming an effective therapeutic tool has become mandatory. Many laboratories have employed distinct strategies to improve the plasticity and secretome of MSCs. We aimed to present how photobiomodulation therapy (PBM-t) can manipulate MSCs to render them an extraordinary anti-inflammatory and osteogenic instrument. Moreover, we discuss the outcomes of different PBM-t protocols on MSCs, concluding with some perplexities and complexities of PBM-t in vivo but encouraging and feasible in vitro solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Amaroli
- Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Orthopedic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Claudio Pasquale
- Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Angelina Zekiy
- Department of Orthopedic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Stefano Benedicenti
- Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea Marchegiani
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino (MC), Italy
| | | | - Dimitrios Agas
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino (MC), Italy
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Hanna R, Dalvi S, Bensadoun RJ, Raber-Durlacher JE, Benedicenti S. Role of Photobiomodulation Therapy in Neurological Primary Burning Mouth Syndrome. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Human Randomised Controlled Clinical Trials. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1838. [PMID: 34834253 PMCID: PMC8624276 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial homeostasis is crucial for energy production and neuronal survival in neurological primary burning mouth syndrome (npBMS). Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) has been utilised in npBMS management, however, its role of intervention remains controversial. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis of CRD 42020198921 PROSPERO registration reference was to oversee and determine the efficacy of PBMT in patients with npBMS, identifying the gaps and bridge them by proposing recommendations for future studies purposes. PRISMA guidelines and Cochrane Collaboration recommendations followed. Various search engines employed to analyse a total of 351 studies of which 12 were included. A wide range of utilised PBM wavelengths was between 635-980 nm and the power output ranged between 30 mW and 4000 mW. A high risk of bias (RoB) was noted in 7 out of 12 included studies (58.3%), as results of qualitative analysis. Meta-analysis findings of 4 out of 12 studies showed statistically significant intergroup differences (SSID) for visual analogue scale (VAS) values (MD = -1.47; 95% CI = -2.40 to -0.53; Z = 3.07 (p = 0.002) whereas meta-analysis on 5 out of 12 studies revealed SSID for anxiety/depression and quality of life (MD = -1.47; 95% CI = -2.40 to -0.53; Z = 3.07 (p = 0.002), favouring PBMT group to the control treatment strategies. Despite the inconsistency and diversity in PBM parameters (wavelength, power, light source, spot size, emission mode, energy per point, total energy) and treatment protocols (exposure time, number of sessions, time interval between sessions, treatment duration)-majority of the included studies showed positive PBM results. The high RoB and meta-analytical heterogeneity in the eligible studies warrant the necessity to perform well-designed and robust RCTs after acknowledging the drawbacks of the available scientific literature and addressing our suggested recommendations highlighted in our review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Hanna
- Laser Therapy Centre, Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
- Department of Oral Surgery, Dental Institute, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Snehal Dalvi
- Department of Periodontology, Swargiya Dadasaheb Kalmegh Smruti Dental College and Hospital, Nagpur 441110, India;
| | - Rene Jean Bensadoun
- Centre De Haute Energie, Department of Oncology Radiology, 10 Boulevard Pasteur, 06000 Nice, France;
| | - Judith E. Raber-Durlacher
- Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, Department of Oral Medicine, University of Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stefano Benedicenti
- Laser Therapy Centre, Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
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Carroll JD. 2021 July Summary of Photobiomodulation Literature. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2021; 39:682-684. [DOI: 10.1089/photob.2021.0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- James D. Carroll
- Founder, CEO at THOR Photomedicine Ltd., Chesham Bois, England, UK
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Amaroli A, Arany P, Pasquale C, Benedicenti S, Bosco A, Ravera S. Improving Consistency of Photobiomodulation Therapy: A Novel Flat-Top Beam Hand-Piece versus Standard Gaussian Probes on Mitochondrial Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157788. [PMID: 34360559 PMCID: PMC8346075 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The tremendous therapeutic potential of photobiomodulation therapy in different branches of medicine has been described in the literature. One of the molecular mechanisms for this treatment implicates the mitochondrial enzyme, cytochrome C oxidase. However, the efficacy and consistency of clinical outcomes with photobiomodulation treatments has been fiercely debated. This work was motivated by this need to improve photobiomodulation devices and delivery approaches. We designed a novel hand-piece with a flat-top beam profile of irradiation. We compared the beam profile versus a standard hand-piece and a fibre probe. We utilized isolated mitochondria and performed treatments at various spots within the beam, namely, the centre, left and right edge. We examined mitochondrial activity by assessing ATP synthesis with the luciferin/luciferase chemiluminescent method as a primary endpoint, while mitochondrial damage was assessed as the secondary endpoint. We observed a uniform distribution of the power density with the flat-top prototype compared to a wide Gaussian beam profile with the standard fibre and standard hand-piece. We noted increased production of ATP in the centre of all three beams with respect to the non-treated controls (p < 0.05). Both the fibre and standard hand-piece demonstrated less increase in ATP synthesis at the edges than the centre (p < 0.05). In contrast, ATP synthesis was increased homogenously in the flat-top handpiece, both in the centre and the edges of the beam. Fibre, standard hand-piece and the flat-top hand-piece prototype have discrete beam distribution characteristics. This significantly affected the mitochondrial activity with respect to their position within the treated areas. Flat-top hand-piece enhances the uniformity of photobiomodulation treatments and can improve the rigour and reproducibility of PBM clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Amaroli
- Department of Orthopedic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (C.P.); (S.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-010-3537309
| | - Praveen Arany
- Departments of Oral Biology, Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA;
| | - Claudio Pasquale
- Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (C.P.); (S.B.)
| | - Stefano Benedicenti
- Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (C.P.); (S.B.)
| | | | - Silvia Ravera
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
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