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Sharaf NE, Galal AF, El-Sawy MS, Shalby AB, Sayed AH, Ahmed HH. Role of designed Bio-Geometrical forms in antagonizing neurobehavioral burden of Wi-Fi radiation: Evidence-based experimental study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.13005/bpj/1751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the impact of Wi-Fi signals exposure on cognitive function and its relevant brain biomarkers and the possible role of designed Bio-Geometrical forms in restoring the neurobehavioral alterations resulting from the exposure to the emerging radiation.Rats were assigned into 3 groups; Gp I control group (away from exposure to radiation); Gp II, III were exposed to wireless router signals for 24 h for 6 months and Gp III was protected by a set of designed BioGeometrical shapes. Animals were tested for spatial memory, anxiety and emotionality in addition to the related neurotransmitters (dopamine, serotonin and acetylcholine) in different brain areas. Melatonin, Heat Shock Protein (HSP-70) and acetylcholine esterase (AchE) were also measured in various brain regions and histopathological examination was carried out as well. Wi-Fi radiation exposed group showed elevated anxiety level and impaired spatial memory. Moreover, significant decline in dopamine, serotonin and acetylcholine levels in the investigated brain areas has been recorded. Melatonin levels were decreased in the cortex, striatum and hippocampus while HSP-70 was depleted in the cortex only. Using Bio-Geometrical forms along with Wi-Fi exposure could combat the burden of Wi-Fi radiation. This was evidenced by the recovery of the anxiety level and the improvement of memory task. In addition, the presence of Bio-Geometrical shapes could retrieve dopamine, serotonin and acetylcholine as well as melatonin and HSP-70 levels This study provides solid foundation for the potential use of Bio-Geometrical shapes to modify the insult of Wi-Fi radiation on brain function and structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevin E. Sharaf
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Asmaa F. Galal
- Narcotics, Ergogenics and Poisons Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S. El-Sawy
- Department of Architecture, Faculty of engineering, Misr University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Aziza B. Shalby
- Department of Hormones, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Alaa H. Sayed
- Department of Hormones, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt. 5Applied Medical Sciences Department, Community College in AlQurayyat Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanaa H. Ahmed
- Department of Hormones, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
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Ahmadi S, Alavi SS, Jadidi M, Ardjmand A. Exposure to GSM 900-MHz mobile radiation impaired inhibitory avoidance memory consolidation in rat: Involvements of opioidergic and nitrergic systems. Brain Res 2018; 1701:36-45. [PMID: 30030983 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The use of mobile phones is increasing, and the main health concern is the possible deleterious effects of radiation on brain functioning. The present study aimed to examine the effects of exposure to a global system for mobile communication (GSM) with mobile phones on inhibitory avoidance (IA) memory performance as well as the involvement of endogenous opioids and nitric oxide (NO) in this task. Male Wistar rats, 10-12 weeks old, were used. The results showed that four weeks of mobile phone exposure impaired IA memory performance in rats. The results also revealed that post-training, but not pre-training, as well as pre-test intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injections of naloxone (0.4, 4 and 40 ng/rat), dose-dependently recovered the impairment of IA memory performance induced by GSM radiation. Additionally, the impairment of IA memory performance was completely recovered in the exposed animals with post-training treatment of naloxone (40 ng/rat) plus pre-test i.c.v. injections of L-arginine (100 and 200 nmol/rat). However, pre-test i.c.v. injections of L-NAME (10 and 20 nmol/rat), impaired IA memory performance in the animals receiving post-training naloxone (40 ng/rat). In the animals receiving post-training naloxone treatment, the impairment of IA memory performance due to pre-test i.c.v. injections of L-NAME was recovered by the pre-test co-administration of L-arginine. It was concluded that the recovery from impairment of IA memory in GSM-exposed animals with post-training naloxone treatment was the result of blockade of the opioidergic system in early memory consolidation as well as activation of the nitrergic system in the retrieval phase of memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamseddin Ahmadi
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Samaneh Sadat Alavi
- Physiology Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Majid Jadidi
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Ardjmand
- Physiology Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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The proposed mechanisms of radio frequency waves (RFWs) on nervous system functions impairment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00580-015-2096-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Balmori A. The incidence of electromagnetic pollution on wild mammals: A new “poison” with a slow effect on nature? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10669-009-9248-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Pakhomov AG, Dubovick BV, Kolupayev VB, Pronkevich AN. Absence of Non-Thermal Microwave Effects on the Function of Giant Nerve Fibers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/15368379109031406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. G. Pakhomov
- Institute of Medical Radiology USSR Academy of Medical Sciences, Obninsk, Kaluga Region, 249020, USSR
| | - B. V. Dubovick
- Institute of Medical Radiology USSR Academy of Medical Sciences, Obninsk, Kaluga Region, 249020, USSR
| | - V. B. Kolupayev
- Institute of Medical Radiology USSR Academy of Medical Sciences, Obninsk, Kaluga Region, 249020, USSR
| | - A. N. Pronkevich
- Institute of Medical Radiology USSR Academy of Medical Sciences, Obninsk, Kaluga Region, 249020, USSR
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Ammari M, Jacquet A, Lecomte A, Sakly M, Abdelmelek H, de Seze R. Effect of head-only sub-chronic and chronic exposure to 900-MHz GSM electromagnetic fields on spatial memory in rats. Brain Inj 2009; 22:1021-9. [DOI: 10.1080/02699050802530599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ammari
- INERIS, Parc Technologique ALATA, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
- Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Laboratoire de Physiologie Intégrée, Jarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Aurèlie Jacquet
- INERIS, Parc Technologique ALATA, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Anthony Lecomte
- INERIS, Parc Technologique ALATA, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Mohsen Sakly
- Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Laboratoire de Physiologie Intégrée, Jarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Hafedh Abdelmelek
- Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Laboratoire de Physiologie Intégrée, Jarzouna, Tunisia
| | - René de Seze
- INERIS, Parc Technologique ALATA, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
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Crouzier D, Testylier G, Perrin A, Debouzy JC. [Which neurophysiologic effects at low level 2.45 GHz RF exposure?]. PATHOLOGIE-BIOLOGIE 2007; 55:235-41. [PMID: 17572243 DOI: 10.1016/j.patbio.2007.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2006] [Accepted: 03/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The LS electromagnetic band (1-4 GHz) is widely used both in domestic and industrial domains. Several studies suggested that the biological systems would exhibit a specific sensitivity to the 2.45 GHz microwaves (water resonance frequency). Potential human health hazards and especially a disruption of the cholinergic system have been reported, due to exposure to microwaves even at low power density. This work presents a multiparametric study of freely moving rat where neurophysiology was investigated during 70 hours using neurochemical (microdialysis technique), electrophysiological, behavioral (vigilance stages quantification) and thermophysiological approaches. The rats were exposed 24 hours to a 2.45 GHz pulsed electromagnetic field at low power density. In this exposure conditions, no significant effect have been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Crouzier
- Centre de recherches du service Santé des Armées, unité BCM, 24, avenue des Maquis-du-Grésivaudan, BP 87, 38702 La-Tronche cedex, France.
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Crouzier D, Debouzy JC, Bourbon F, Collin A, Perrin A, Testylier G. Neurophysiologic effects at low level 1.8 GHz radiofrequency field exposure: a multiparametric approach on freely moving rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 55:134-42. [PMID: 16884860 DOI: 10.1016/j.patbio.2006.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2006] [Accepted: 06/16/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Deleterious effects on healthcare and particularly disruption of the cholinergic system have been reported after exposure to radiofrequency field at low power density. This work presents a 72 hours multiparametric study, where cholinergic system was investigated using a neurochemical, electrophysiological and physiological approaches. Free moving rats were exposed 24 hours to RF GSM signal at 1.8 GHz at low power density (1.2 and 9 W/m(2)). Acetylcholine (ACh) release in the hippocampus was simultaneously monitored using the microdialysis technique, electroencephalogram (EEG), electromyogram (EMG) and subcutaneous temperature. A spectral analysis of EEG was also performed and sleep stages were determined. After experimental time, the animals were sacrificed and a NMR study was performed on lipid brain extract. No significant parameters modification was observed under RF exposure. The only significant difference was the lack of increase in time spent in REM sleep, the third day, for the 1.2 W/m(2) group. This observation appeared difficult to explain and could not be reasonably related with RF exposure. Similarly, the NMR study also failed to show any effect of RF.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Crouzier
- Unité de biophysique cellulaire et moléculaire (BCM), centre de recherches du service santé des armées, 24, avenue des Maquis-du-Grésivaudan, BP 87, 38702 La-Tronche cedex, France.
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Papageorgiou CC, Nanou ED, Tsiafakis VG, Kapareliotis E, Kontoangelos KA, Capsalis CN, Rabavilas AD, Soldatos CR. Acute mobile phone effects on pre-attentive operation. Neurosci Lett 2006; 397:99-103. [PMID: 16406308 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2005.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2005] [Revised: 11/28/2005] [Accepted: 12/01/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
There is a debate whether electromagnetic field (EMF) emitted by mobile phones (MP) have an effect on cognitive functions. Since the auditory P50 component of event-related potentials (ERPs) reflects pre-attentive processing and working memory (WM) operation, the present study was designed to investigate whether the exposure to MP-EMF affects the patterns of the P50 component of ERPs elicited during a WM test. The P50 elicited during a WM task and evoked by two warning stimuli low and high frequency (500 and 3000 Hz) has been assessed in 19 normal subjects (10 women and 9 men) both without and with exposure to a 900 MHz signal, emitted by a dipole antenna placed near the subjects. Results showed that the presence of MP-EMFs induced statistically significant increase in the amplitude of P50 evoked by the low frequency stimuli, at Fp1 and O1 electrode leads as compared to themselves without MP-EMF exposure. In contrast the exposure to MP-EMFs revealed statistically significant decrease of the amplitude of P50 evoked by the high frequency stimuli, at Fp1 electrode lead as compared to themselves without MP-EMF exposure. These findings provide evidence that the MP-EMF emitted by mobile phone affect pre-attentive information processing as it is reflected in P50 evoked potential. The basis of such an effect is unclear, although several possibilities exist and call for potential directions of future research.
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Barteri M, Pala A, Rotella S. Structural and kinetic effects of mobile phone microwaves on acetylcholinesterase activity. Biophys Chem 2005; 113:245-53. [PMID: 15620509 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2004.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2004] [Revised: 09/21/2004] [Accepted: 09/21/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study provides evidence that "in vitro" simple exposure of an aqueous solution of electric eel acetylcholinesterase (EeAChE; EC 3.1.1.7.) to cellular phone emission alters its enzymatic activity. This paper demonstrates, by combining different experimental techniques, that radio frequency (RF) radiations irreversibly affect the structural and biochemical characteristics of an important CNS enzyme. These results were obtained by using a commercial cellular phone to reproduce the reality of the human exposition. This experimental procedure provided surprising effects collected practically without experimental errors because they were obtained comparing native and irradiated sample of the same enzyme solution. Although these results cannot be used to conclude whether exposure to RF during the use of cellular phone can lead to any hazardous health effect, they may be a significant first step towards further verification of these effects on other "ex vivo" or "in vivo" biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Barteri
- Dipartimento di Chimica- Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza" Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy.
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D'Andrea JA, Chou CK, Johnston SA, Adair ER. Microwave effects on the nervous system. Bioelectromagnetics 2004; Suppl 6:S107-47. [PMID: 14628310 DOI: 10.1002/bem.10179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Studies have evaluated the electroencephalography (EEG) of humans and laboratory animals during and after Radiofrequency (RF) exposures. Effects of RF exposure on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) have been generally accepted for exposures that are thermalizing. Low level exposures that report alterations of the BBB remain controversial. Exposure to high levels of RF energy can damage the structure and function of the nervous system. Much research has focused on the neurochemistry of the brain and the reported effects of RF exposure. Research with isolated brain tissue has provided new results that do not seem to rely on thermal mechanisms. Studies of individuals who are reported to be sensitive to electric and magnetic fields are discussed. In this review of the literature, it is difficult to draw conclusions concerning hazards to human health. The many exposure parameters such as frequency, orientation, modulation, power density, and duration of exposure make direct comparison of many experiments difficult. At high exposure power densities, thermal effects are prevalent and can lead to adverse consequences. At lower levels of exposure biological effects may still occur but thermal mechanisms are not ruled out. It is concluded that the diverse methods and experimental designs as well as lack of replication of many seemingly important studies prevents formation of definite conclusions concerning hazardous nervous system health effects from RF exposure. The only firm conclusion that may be drawn is the potential for hazardous thermal consequences of high power RF exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A D'Andrea
- Naval Health Research Center Detachment, Brooks City-Base, TX 78235-5365, USA.
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13
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Behari J, Kunjilwar K, Pyne S. Interaction of low level modulated RF radiation with Na+–K+-ATPase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-4598(98)00195-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kunjilwar KK, Behari J. Effect of amplitude-modulated radio frequency radiation on cholinergic system of developing rats. Brain Res 1993; 601:321-4. [PMID: 8431780 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(93)91729-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
We examined the effect of long-term exposure to radio frequency radiation 147 MHz and its sub-harmonics 73.5 and 36.75 MHz amplitude modulated at 16 and 76 Hz (30-35 days, 3 h per day) on cholinergic systems in developing rat brain. A significant decrease in acetylcholine esterase activity was found in exposed rats as compared to the control. Decrease in acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity was independent of carrier wave frequencies. A short-term exposure did not have any significant effect on AChE activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- K K Kunjilwar
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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17
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Lai H. Research on the neurological effects of nonionizing radiation at the University of Washington. Bioelectromagnetics 1992; 13:513-26. [PMID: 1482415 DOI: 10.1002/bem.2250130607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This paper reviews research on neurological effects of low-level microwave irradiation, which was performed at the University of Washington, during the decade of the 1980s. We studied in the rat the effects of microwave exposure on the actions of various psychoactive drugs, on the activity of cholinergic systems in the brain, and on the neural mechanisms involved. Our results indicate that endogenous opioids play an important mediating role in some of the neurological effects of microwaves, and that parameters of microwave exposure are important determinants of the outcome of the microwave effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Lai
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle 98195
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Lai H, Carino MA, Wen YF, Horita A, Guy AW. Naltrexone pretreatment blocks microwave-induced changes in central cholinergic receptors. Bioelectromagnetics 1991; 12:27-33. [PMID: 2012619 DOI: 10.1002/bem.2250120105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Repeated exposure of rats to pulsed, circularly polarized microwaves (2,450-MHz, 2-microseconds pulses at 500 pps, power density 1 mW/cm2, at an averaged, whole-body SAR of 0.6 W/kg) induced biphasic changes in the concentration of muscarinic cholinergic receptors in the central nervous system. An increase in receptor concentration occurred in the hippocampus of rats subjected to ten 45-min sessions of microwave exposure, whereas a decrease in concentration was observed in the frontal cortex and hippocampus of rats exposed to ten 20-min sessions. These findings, which confirm earlier work in the authors' laboratory, were extended to include pretreatment of rats with the narcotic antagonist naltrexone (1 mg/kg, IP) before each session of exposure. The drug treatment blocked the microwave-induced changes in cholinergic receptors in the brain. These data further support the authors' hypothesis that endogenous opioids play a role in the effects of microwaves on central cholinergic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Lai
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle 98195
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