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Yan A, Culp E, Perry J, Lau JT, MacNeil LT, Surette MG, Wright GD. Transformation of the Anticancer Drug Doxorubicin in the Human Gut Microbiome. ACS Infect Dis 2018; 4:68-76. [PMID: 29160065 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.7b00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria living in the human gut are implicated in the etiology of several diseases. Moreover, dozens of drugs are metabolized by elements of the gut microbiome, which may have further implications for human health. Here, we screened a collection of gut isolates for their ability to inactivate the widely used antineoplastic drug doxorubicin and identified a strain of Raoultella planticola as a potent inactivator under anaerobic conditions. We demonstrate that R. planticola deglycosylates doxorubicin to metabolites 7-deoxydoxorubicinol and 7-deoxydoxorubicinolone via a reductive deglycosylation mechanism. We further show that doxorubicin is degraded anaerobically by Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli BW25113 and present evidence that this phenotype is dependent on molybdopterin-dependent enzyme(s). Deglycosylation of doxorubicin by R. planticola under anaerobic conditions is found to reduce toxicity to the model species Caenorhabditis elegans, providing a model to begin understanding the role of doxorubicin metabolism by microbes in the human gut. Understanding the in vivo metabolism of important therapeutics like doxorubicin by the gut microbiome has the potential to guide clinical dosing to maximize therapeutic benefit while limiting undesirable side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Yan
- M. G. DeGroote Institute
for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main
Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Culp
- M. G. DeGroote Institute
for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main
Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Julie Perry
- M. G. DeGroote Institute
for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main
Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Jennifer T. Lau
- Farncombe
Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Lesley T. MacNeil
- M. G. DeGroote Institute
for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main
Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
- Farncombe
Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main
Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Michael G. Surette
- M. G. DeGroote Institute
for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main
Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
- Farncombe
Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Gerard D. Wright
- M. G. DeGroote Institute
for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main
Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
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Gunawan C, Marquis CP, Amal R, Sotiriou GA, Rice SA, Harry EJ. Widespread and Indiscriminate Nanosilver Use: Genuine Potential for Microbial Resistance. ACS NANO 2017; 11:3438-3445. [PMID: 28339182 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b01166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In this era of increasing antibiotic resistance, the use of alternative antimicrobials such as silver has become more widespread. Superior antimicrobial activity has been provided through fabrication of silver nanoparticles or nanosilver (NAg), which imparts cytotoxic actions distinct from those of bulk silver. In the wake of the recent discoveries of bacterial resistance to NAg and its rising incorporation in medical and consumer goods such as wound dressings and dietary supplements, we argue that there is an urgent need to monitor the prevalence and spread of NAg microbial resistance. In this Perspective, we describe how the use of NAg in commercially available products facilitates prolonged microorganism exposure to bioavailable silver, which underpins the development of resistance. Furthermore, we advocate for a judicial approach toward NAg use in order to preserve its efficacy and to avoid environmental disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Gunawan
- The iThree Institute, University of Technology Sydney , Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | | | | | - Georgios A Sotiriou
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet , 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Elizabeth J Harry
- The iThree Institute, University of Technology Sydney , Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
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Changes in the gut microbiome of the sea lamprey during metamorphosis. Appl Environ Microbiol 2012; 78:7638-44. [PMID: 22923392 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01640-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Vertebrate metamorphosis is often marked by dramatic morphological and physiological changes of the alimentary tract, along with major shifts in diet following development from larva to adult. Little is known about how these developmental changes impact the gut microbiome of the host organism. The metamorphosis of the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) from a sedentary filter-feeding larva to a free-swimming sanguivorous parasite is characterized by major physiological and morphological changes to all organ systems. The transformation of the alimentary canal includes closure of the larval esophagus and the physical isolation of the pharynx from the remainder of the gut, which results in a nonfeeding period that can last up to 8 months. To determine how the gut microbiome is affected by metamorphosis, the microbial communities of feeding and nonfeeding larval and parasitic sea lamprey were surveyed using both culture-dependent and -independent methods. Our results show that the gut of the filter-feeding larva contains a greater diversity of bacteria than that of the blood-feeding parasite, with the parasite gut being dominated by Aeromonas and, to a lesser extent, Citrobacter and Shewanella. Phylogenetic analysis of the culturable Aeromonas from both the larval and parasitic gut revealed that at least five distinct species were represented. Phenotypic characterization of these isolates revealed that over half were capable of sheep red blood cell hemolysis, but all were capable of trout red blood cell hemolysis. This suggests that the enrichment of Aeromonas that accompanies metamorphosis is likely related to the sanguivorous lifestyle of the parasitic sea lamprey.
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Dishaw LJ, Flores-Torres JA, Mueller MG, Karrer CR, Skapura DP, Melillo D, Zucchetti I, De Santis R, Pinto MR, Litman GW. A Basal chordate model for studies of gut microbial immune interactions. Front Immunol 2012; 3:96. [PMID: 22563328 PMCID: PMC3342567 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex symbiotic interactions at the surface of host epithelia govern most encounters between host and microbe. The epithelium of the gut is a physiologically ancient structure that is comprised of a single layer of cells and is thought to possess fully developed immunological capabilities. Ciona intestinalis (sea squirt), which is a descendant of the last common ancestor of all vertebrates, is a potentially valuable model for studying barrier defenses and gut microbial immune interactions. A variety of innate immunological phenomena have been well characterized in Ciona, of which many are active in the gut tissues. Interactions with gut microbiota likely involve surface epithelium, secreted immune molecules including variable region-containing chitin-binding proteins, and hemocytes from a densely populated laminar tissue space. The microbial composition of representative gut luminal contents has been characterized by molecular screening and a potentially relevant, reproducible, dysbiosis can be induced via starvation. The dialog between host and microbe in the gut can be investigated in Ciona against the background of a competent innate immune system and in the absence of the integral elements and processes that are characteristic of vertebrate adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry J Dishaw
- Department of Pediatrics, USF/ACH Children's Research Institute, University of South Florida College of Medicine St. Petersburg, FL, USA
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Bron PA, van Baarlen P, Kleerebezem M. Emerging molecular insights into the interaction between probiotics and the host intestinal mucosa. Nat Rev Microbiol 2011; 10:66-78. [PMID: 22101918 DOI: 10.1038/nrmicro2690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 415] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Probiotic bacteria can modulate immune responses in the host gastrointestinal tract to promote health. The genomics era has provided novel opportunities for the discovery and characterization of bacterial probiotic effector molecules that elicit specific responses in the intestinal system. Furthermore, nutrigenomic analyses of the response to probiotics have unravelled the signalling and immune response pathways which are modulated by probiotic bacteria. Together, these genomic approaches and nutrigenomic analyses have identified several bacterial factors that are involved in modulation of the immune system and the mucosal barrier, and have revealed that a molecular 'bandwidth of human health' could represent a key determinant in an individual's physiological responsiveness to probiotics. These approaches may lead to improved stratification of consumers and to subpopulation-level probiotic supplementation to maintain or improve health, or to reduce the risk of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Bron
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Nieuwe Kanaal 9A, 6709 PA Wageningen, The Netherlands
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