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Chen L, Ma J, Xu W, Shen F, Yang Z, Sonne C, Dietz R, Li L, Jie X, Li L, Yan G, Zhang X. Comparative transcriptome and methylome of polar bears, giant and red pandas reveal diet-driven adaptive evolution. Evol Appl 2024; 17:e13731. [PMID: 38894980 PMCID: PMC11183199 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation plays an important role in the evolution of species adaptations, yet little information is available on the epigenetic mechanisms underlying the adaptive evolution of bamboo-eating in both giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) and red pandas (Ailurus fulgens). To investigate the potential contribution of epigenetic to the adaptive evolution of bamboo-eating in giant and red pandas, we performed hepatic comparative transcriptome and methylome analyses between bamboo-eating pandas and carnivorous polar bears (Ursus maritimus). We found that genes involved in carbohydrate, lipid, amino acid, and protein metabolism showed significant differences in methylation and expression levels between the two panda species and polar bears. Clustering analysis of gene expression revealed that giant pandas did not form a sister group with the more closely related polar bears, suggesting that the expression pattern of genes in livers of giant pandas and red pandas have evolved convergently driven by their similar diets. Compared to polar bears, some key genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism and biological oxidation and cholesterol synthesis showed hypomethylation and higher expression in giant and red pandas, while genes involved in fat digestion and absorption, fatty acid metabolism, lysine degradation, resistance to lipid peroxidation and detoxification showed hypermethylation and low expression. Our study elucidates the special nutrient utilization mechanism of giant pandas and red pandas and provides some insights into the molecular mechanism of their adaptive evolution of bamboo feeding. This has important implications for the breeding and conservation of giant pandas and red pandas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Key Laboratory of bio‐Resources and eco‐Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life ScienceSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Jinnan Ma
- Key Laboratory of bio‐Resources and eco‐Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life ScienceSichuan UniversityChengduChina
- College of Continuing EducationYunnan Normal UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Wencai Xu
- Key Laboratory of bio‐Resources and eco‐Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life ScienceSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Fujun Shen
- Sichuan Key Laboratory for Conservation Biology of Endangered WildlifeChengdu Research Base of Giant Panda BreedingChengduChina
| | | | - Christian Sonne
- Arctic Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of EcoscienceAarhus UniversityRoskildeDenmark
| | - Rune Dietz
- Arctic Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of EcoscienceAarhus UniversityRoskildeDenmark
| | - Linzhu Li
- Key Laboratory of bio‐Resources and eco‐Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life ScienceSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xiaodie Jie
- Key Laboratory of bio‐Resources and eco‐Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life ScienceSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Lu Li
- Key Laboratory of bio‐Resources and eco‐Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life ScienceSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Guoqiang Yan
- Key Laboratory of bio‐Resources and eco‐Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life ScienceSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xiuyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of bio‐Resources and eco‐Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life ScienceSichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, College of Life SciencesSichuan UniversityChengduChina
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Baig MS, Barmpoutsi S, Bharti S, Weigert A, Hirani N, Atre R, Khabiya R, Sharma R, Sarup S, Savai R. Adaptor molecules mediate negative regulation of macrophage inflammatory pathways: a closer look. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1355012. [PMID: 38482001 PMCID: PMC10933033 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1355012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play a central role in initiating, maintaining, and terminating inflammation. For that, macrophages respond to various external stimuli in changing environments through signaling pathways that are tightly regulated and interconnected. This process involves, among others, autoregulatory loops that activate and deactivate macrophages through various cytokines, stimulants, and other chemical mediators. Adaptor proteins play an indispensable role in facilitating various inflammatory signals. These proteins are dynamic and flexible modulators of immune cell signaling and act as molecular bridges between cell surface receptors and intracellular effector molecules. They are involved in regulating physiological inflammation and also contribute significantly to the development of chronic inflammatory processes. This is at least partly due to their involvement in the activation and deactivation of macrophages, leading to changes in the macrophages' activation/phenotype. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the 20 adaptor molecules and proteins that act as negative regulators of inflammation in macrophages and effectively suppress inflammatory signaling pathways. We emphasize the functional role of adaptors in signal transduction in macrophages and their influence on the phenotypic transition of macrophages from pro-inflammatory M1-like states to anti-inflammatory M2-like phenotypes. This endeavor mainly aims at highlighting and orchestrating the intricate dynamics of adaptor molecules by elucidating the associated key roles along with respective domains and opening avenues for therapeutic and investigative purposes in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirza S. Baig
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Indore, India
| | - Spyridoula Barmpoutsi
- Lung Microenvironmental Niche in Cancerogenesis, Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Shreya Bharti
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Indore, India
| | - Andreas Weigert
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nik Hirani
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Rajat Atre
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Indore, India
| | - Rakhi Khabiya
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Indore, India
| | - Rahul Sharma
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Indore, India
| | - Shivmuni Sarup
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Indore, India
| | - Rajkumar Savai
- Lung Microenvironmental Niche in Cancerogenesis, Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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AbdElneam AI, Al‐Dhubaibi MS, Bahaj SS, Mohammed GF. Role of macrophage scavenger receptor 1 in the progression of dyslipidemia in acne vulgaris patients. Skin Res Technol 2023; 29:e13424. [PMID: 37632192 PMCID: PMC10366491 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophage scavenger receptor 1 gene (MSR1), is responsible for producing macrophage scavenger receptors. MSR1 is primarily located on the surfaces of various macrophage types and is known to exert a range of effects on the human body. These effects include influencing innate and adaptive immunological reactions, as well as contributing to the development of conditions such as atherosclerosis, dyslipidemia, liver and lung disease, and cancer. The unregulated assimilation of lipoproteins by MSR1 leads to the creation of macrophages rich in cholesterol that manifest as foam-like cells, ultimately contributing to dyslipidemia. This occurrence highlights the significance of MSR1 as a key player in the pathophysiology of dyslipidemia. AIM In this study, we aimed to estimate variation in lipid profile in acne vulgaris (AV) patients. Also, we aimed to investigate the role of MSR1 in lipid profile variation. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A case-control study consisting of 100 patients with AV and 104 healthy controls. Lipid profiles were assessed using normalized enzymatic processes and genotype analyses were performed by a polymerase chain reaction and standard Sanger sequencing. Predictions of variant effects were performed using in silico tools. RESULT Our results indicated that the levels of lipid profile were higher in patients with AV than in healthy patients. The two haplotypes that were most prevalent in the patients were TCAC (16.5%) and CAGG (15.47%), whereas the two haplotypes that were more prevalent in the controls were TAAC (16.43%) and CCAC (15.62%). IVS5.59 C > A and rs433235 A > G are in linkage disequilibrium. Additionally, rs433235 A > G has a significant linkage disequilibrium with rs3747531 C > G. In silico analysis, tools indicated that the rs433235 A > G variant was disease-causing. CONCLUSION Patients diagnosed with TCAC and CAGG exhibited a higher prevalence compared to healthy patients with TAAC and CCAC. The linkage disequilibrium between rs433235 A > G and IVS5.59 C > A has been established. Furthermore, there appears to be significant linkage disequilibrium between rs3747531 C > G and rs433235 A > G. These findings support the notion that genetic variations may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ibrahim AbdElneam
- Department of Clinical BiochemistryDepartment of Basic Medical SciencesCollege of MedicineShaqra UniversityDawadmiSaudi Arabia
- Molecular Genetics and Enzymology DepartmentHuman Genetics and Genome Research InstituteNational Research CenterDokkiEgypt
| | | | - Saleh Salem Bahaj
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyFaculty of Medicine and Health SciencesSana'a UniversitySana'aYemen
| | - Ghada Farouk Mohammed
- Department of DermatologyVenereology, and SexologyFaculty of MedicineSuez Canal UniversityIsmailiaEgypt
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Sheng W, Ji G, Zhang L. Role of macrophage scavenger receptor MSR1 in the progression of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1050984. [PMID: 36591228 PMCID: PMC9797536 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1050984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the progressive form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and the dysregulation of lipid metabolism and oxidative stress are the typical features. Subsequent dyslipidemia and oxygen radical production may render the formation of modified lipids. Macrophage scavenger receptor 1 (MSR1) is responsible for the uptake of modified lipoprotein and is one of the key molecules in atherosclerosis. However, the unrestricted uptake of modified lipoproteins by MSR1 and the formation of cholesterol-rich foamy macrophages also can be observed in NASH patients and mouse models. In this review, we highlight the dysregulation of lipid metabolism and oxidative stress in NASH, the alteration of MSR1 expression in physiological and pathological conditions, the formation of modified lipoproteins, and the role of MSR1 on macrophage foaming and NASH development and progression.
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He Y, Chen Y, Yao L, Wang J, Sha X, Wang Y. The Inflamm-Aging Model Identifies Key Risk Factors in Atherosclerosis. Front Genet 2022; 13:865827. [PMID: 35706446 PMCID: PMC9191626 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.865827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Atherosclerosis, one of the main threats to human life and health, is driven by abnormal inflammation (i.e., chronic inflammation or oxidative stress) during accelerated aging. Many studies have shown that inflamm-aging exerts a significant impact on the occurrence of atherosclerosis, particularly by inducing an immune homeostasis imbalance. However, the potential mechanism by which inflamm-aging induces atherosclerosis needs to be studied more thoroughly, and there is currently a lack of powerful prediction models.Methods: First, an improved inflamm-aging prediction model was constructed by integrating aging, inflammation, and disease markers with the help of machine learning methods; then, inflamm-aging scores were calculated. In addition, the causal relationship between aging and disease was identified using Mendelian randomization. A series of risk factors were also identified by causal analysis, sensitivity analysis, and network analysis.Results: Our results revealed an accelerated inflamm-aging pattern in atherosclerosis and suggested a causal relationship between inflamm-aging and atherosclerosis. Mechanisms involving inflammation, nutritional balance, vascular homeostasis, and oxidative stress were found to be driving factors of atherosclerosis in the context of inflamm-aging.Conclusion: In summary, we developed a model integrating crucial risk factors in inflamm-aging and atherosclerosis. Our computation pipeline could be used to explore potential mechanisms of related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudan He
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Intelligent Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Intelligent Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lilin Yao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Intelligent Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Junyi Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Intelligent Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xianzheng Sha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Intelligent Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Intelligent Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Yin Wang,
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Liu Y, Sun Y, Bai X, Li L, Zhu G. Albiflorin Alleviates Ox-LDL-Induced Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cell Injury through IRAK1/TAK1 Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:6584645. [PMID: 35601145 PMCID: PMC9122697 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6584645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by lipid metabolism disorder and vascular endothelial damage. Albiflorin (AF) has been certified to be effective in the therapy of certain inflammatory diseases, while the therapeutic effect and mechanism of AF on AS have not been fully elucidated. Material and Methods. Model cells for AS were created by inducing oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). After processing with AF and interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1- (IRAK1-) overexpressed plasmid, cell viability was assessed by CCK-8; cholesterol efflux was tested using liquid scintillation counter; IL-6 and TNF-α levels were determined with ELISA kits; ROS and apoptosis were confirmed using Flow cytometry. Besides, IRAK1-TAK1 pathway and apoptosis- and mitochondrial fusion-related proteins were monitored with western blotting analysis. Results Our results verified that AF could not only dramatically accelerate viability and cholesterol efflux but also attenuate inflammation, ROS production, and apoptosis in Ox-LDL-induced HUVECs. Meanwhile, AF could prominently prevent the activation of IRAK1-TAK1 pathway, downregulate apoptosis-related proteins, and upregulate mitochondrial fusion-related proteins in Ox-LDL-induced HUVECs. Moreover, we testified that IRAK1 overexpression memorably could reverse suppression of AF on inflammation, apoptosis, and IRAK1-TAK1 pathway and enhancement of AF on viability, cholesterol efflux, and mitochondrial fusion in Ox-LDL-induced HUVECs. Conclusions By blocking the IRAK1/TAK1 pathway, AF can significantly slow the course of AS, suggesting that it could be a viable therapeutic option for AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeling Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tai'an City Central Hospital, Tai'an, Shandong 271000, China
| | - Yilai Sun
- Department of Pancreatic & Hernial Surgery Tai'an City Central Hospital, Tai'an, Shandong 271000, China
| | - Xue Bai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tai'an City Central Hospital, Tai'an, Shandong 271000, China
| | - Lingxing Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tai'an City Central Hospital, Tai'an, Shandong 271000, China
| | - Guihua Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tai'an City Central Hospital, Tai'an, Shandong 271000, China
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Gupta P, Sharma G, Lahiri A, Barthwal MK. FOXO3a acetylation regulates PINK1, mitophagy, inflammasome activation in murine palmitate-conditioned and diabetic macrophages. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 111:611-627. [PMID: 34288093 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3a0620-348rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeat, and pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome and mitophagy play an important role in cytokine release and diabetes progression; however, the role of saturated fatty acid that is induced under such conditions remains little explored. Therefore, the present study evaluates mechanisms regulating mitophagy and inflammasome activation in primary murine diabetic and palmitate-conditioned wild-type (WT) peritoneal macrophages. Peritoneal macrophage, from the diabetic mice and WT mice, challenged with LPS/ATP and palmitate/LPS/ATP, respectively, showed dysfunctional mitochondria as assessed by their membrane potential, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) production, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) release. A defective mitophagy was observed in the diabetic and palmitate-conditioned macrophages stimulated with LPS/ATP as assessed by translocation of PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1)/Parkin or p62 in the mitochondrial fraction. Consequently, increased apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC) oligomerization, caspase-1 activation, and IL1β secretion were observed in LPS/ATP stimulated diabetic and palmitate-conditioned macrophages. LPS/ATP induced Forkhead box O3a (FOXO3a) binding to PINK1 promoter and increased PINK1 mRNA expression in WT macrophages. However, PINK1 mRNA and protein expression were significantly decreased in diabetic and palmitate-conditioned macrophages in response to LPS/ATP. Palmitate-induced acetyl CoA promoted FOXO3a acetylation, which prevented LPS/ATP-induced FOXO3a binding to the PINK1 promoter. C646 (P300 inhibitor) and SRT1720 (SIRT1 activator) prevented FOXO3a acetylation and restored FOXO3a binding to the PINK1 promoter, PINK1 mRNA expression, and mitophagy in palmitate-conditioned macrophages treated with LPS/ATP. Also, a significant decrease in the LPS/ATP-induced mtROS production, mtDNA release, ASC oligomerization, caspase-1 activation, and IL-1β release was observed in the palmitate-conditioned macrophages. Similarly, modulation of FOXO3a acetylation also prevented LPS/ATP-induced mtDNA release and inflammasome activation in diabetic macrophages. Therefore, FOXO3a acetylation regulates PINK1-dependent mitophagy and inflammasome activation in the palmitate-conditioned and diabetic macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, India
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, India
| | - Amit Lahiri
- Department of Pharmacology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Barthwal
- Department of Pharmacology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, India
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Lei J, Ye J, She R, Zhang R, Wang Y, Yang G, Yang J, Luo L. L-theanine inhibits foam cell formation via promoting the scavenger receptor A degradation. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 904:174181. [PMID: 34004205 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases with highly mortality worldwide. The formation of foam cell plays an important role in the early stage of atherosclerosis pathogenesis. L-theanine is the most abundant free amino acid in tea, which possesses anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and anti-atherosclerosis effects. However, little is known about the effects of L-theanine on the foam cell formation. In our study, RAW264.7 cells and primary mouse peritoneal macrophages were exposed to oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) for inducing foam cell formation. We found that L-theanine significantly impeded cholesterol accumulation in macrophages, while inhibiting the formation of foam cell. Our further experiments showed that L-theanine attenuated the cholesterol uptake of RAW264.7 cells and primary mouse peritoneal macrophages by reducing the protein level of macrophage scavenger receptor A (SR-A), but not the level of mRNA suggesting that L-theanine regulates scavenger receptor A at the translational rather than transcriptional level. The present results demonstrated that L-theanine obviously promoted the degradation of scavenger receptor A protein and scavenger receptor A was degraded by ubiquitination dependent manner. Collectively, our research indicates that L-theanine suppresses the formation of macrophage foam cell by promoting the ubiquitination dependent degradation of scavenger receptor A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhen Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingheng Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rong She
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guocui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Lan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China.
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Analysis of Low Molecular Weight Substances and Related Processes Influencing Cellular Cholesterol Efflux. Pharmaceut Med 2020; 33:465-498. [PMID: 31933239 PMCID: PMC7101889 DOI: 10.1007/s40290-019-00308-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol efflux is the key process protecting the vascular system from the development of atherosclerotic lesions. Various extracellular and intracellular events affect the ability of the cell to efflux excess cholesterol. To explore the possible pathways and processes that promote or inhibit cholesterol efflux, we applied a combined cheminformatic and bioinformatic approach. We performed a comprehensive analysis of published data on the various substances influencing cholesterol efflux and found 153 low molecular weight substances that are included in the Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI) database. Pathway enrichment was performed for substances identified within the Reactome database, and 45 substances were selected in 93 significant pathways. The most common pathways included the energy-dependent processes related to active cholesterol transport from the cell, lipoprotein metabolism and lipid transport, and signaling pathways. The activators and inhibitors of cholesterol efflux were non-uniformly distributed among the different pathways: the substances influencing ‘biological oxidations’ activate cholesterol efflux and the substances influencing ‘Signaling by GPCR and PTK6’ inhibit efflux. This analysis may be used in the search and design of efflux effectors for therapies targeting structural and functional high-density lipoprotein deficiency.
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Cholesterol uptake and efflux are impaired in human trophoblast cells from pregnancies with maternal supraphysiological hypercholesterolemia. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5264. [PMID: 32210256 PMCID: PMC7093446 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61629-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal physiological (MPH) or supraphysiological hypercholesterolaemia (MSPH) occurs during pregnancy. Cholesterol trafficking from maternal to foetal circulation requires the uptake of maternal LDL and HDL by syncytiotrophoblast and cholesterol efflux from this multinucleated tissue to ApoA-I and HDL. We aimed to determine the effects of MSPH on placental cholesterol trafficking. Placental tissue and primary human trophoblast (PHT) were isolated from pregnant women with total cholesterol <280 md/dL (MPH, n = 27) or ≥280 md/dL (MSPH, n = 28). The lipid profile in umbilical cord blood from MPH and MSPH neonates was similar. The abundance of LDL receptor (LDLR) and HDL receptor (SR-BI) was comparable between MSPH and MPH placentas. However, LDLR was localized mainly in the syncytiotrophoblast surface and was associated with reduced placental levels of its ligand ApoB. In PHT from MSPH, the uptake of LDL and HDL was lower compared to MPH, without changes in LDLR and reduced levels of SR-BI. Regarding cholesterol efflux, in MSPH placentas, the abundance of cholesterol transporter ABCA1 was increased, while ABCG1 and SR-BI were reduced. In PHT from MSPH, the cholesterol efflux to ApoA-I was increased and to HDL was reduced, along with reduced levels of ABCG1, compared to MPH. Inhibition of SR-BI did not change cholesterol efflux in PHT. The TC content in PHT was comparable in MPH and MSPH cells. However, free cholesterol was increased in MSPH cells. We conclude that MSPH alters the trafficking and content of cholesterol in placental trophoblasts, which could be associated with changes in the placenta-mediated maternal-to-foetal cholesterol trafficking.
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IRAK family in inflammatory autoimmune diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2020; 19:102461. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Kumar A, Gupta P, Rana M, Chandra T, Dikshit M, Barthwal MK. Role of pyruvate kinase M2 in oxidized LDL-induced macrophage foam cell formation and inflammation. J Lipid Res 2020; 61:351-364. [PMID: 31988148 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.ra119000382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) links metabolic and inflammatory dysfunction in atherosclerotic coronary artery disease; however, its role in oxidized LDL (Ox-LDL)-induced macrophage foam cell formation and inflammation is unknown and therefore was studied. In recombinant mouse granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-differentiated murine bone marrow-derived macrophages, early (1-6 h) Ox-LDL treatment induced PKM2 tyrosine 105 phosphorylation and promotes its nuclear localization. PKM2 regulates aerobic glycolysis and inflammation because PKM2 shRNA or Shikonin abrogated Ox-LDL-induced hypoxia-inducible factor-1α target genes lactate dehydrogenase, glucose transporter member 1, interleukin 1β (IL-1β) mRNA expression, lactate, and secretory IL-1β production. PKM2 inhibition significantly increased Ox-LDL-induced ABCA1 and ABCG1 protein expression and NBD-cholesterol efflux to apoA1 and HDL. PKM2 shRNA significantly inhibited Ox-LDL-induced CD36, FASN protein expression, DiI-Ox-LDL binding and uptake, and cellular total cholesterol, free cholesterol, and cholesteryl ester content. Therefore, PKM2 regulates lipid uptake and efflux. DASA-58, a PKM2 activator, downregulated LXR-α, ABCA1, and ABCG1, and augmented FASN and CD36 protein expression. Peritoneal macrophages showed similar results. Ox-LDL induced PKM2- SREBP-1 interaction and FASN expression in a PKM2-dependent manner. Therefore, this study suggests a role for PKM2 in Ox-LDL-induced aerobic glycolysis, inflammation, and macrophage foam cell formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar
- Pharmacology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Priya Gupta
- Pharmacology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Minakshi Rana
- Pharmacology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Tulika Chandra
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Madhu Dikshit
- Pharmacology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Barthwal
- Pharmacology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Intracellular and Plasma Membrane Events in Cholesterol Transport and Homeostasis. J Lipids 2018; 2018:3965054. [PMID: 30174957 PMCID: PMC6106919 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3965054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol transport between intracellular compartments proceeds by both energy- and non-energy-dependent processes. Energy-dependent vesicular traffic partly contributes to cholesterol flux between endoplasmic reticulum, plasma membrane, and endocytic vesicles. Membrane contact sites and lipid transfer proteins are involved in nonvesicular lipid traffic. Only “active" cholesterol molecules outside of cholesterol-rich regions and partially exposed in water phase are able to fast transfer. The dissociation of partially exposed cholesterol molecules in water determines the rate of passive aqueous diffusion of cholesterol out of plasma membrane. ATP hydrolysis with concomitant conformational transition is required to cholesterol efflux by ABCA1 and ABCG1 transporters. Besides, scavenger receptor SR-B1 is involved also in cholesterol efflux by facilitated diffusion via hydrophobic tunnel within the molecule. Direct interaction of ABCA1 with apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) or apoA-I binding to high capacity binding sites in plasma membrane is important in cholesterol escape to free apoA-I. ABCG1-mediated efflux to fully lipidated apoA-I within high density lipoprotein particle proceeds more likely through the increase of “active” cholesterol level. Putative cholesterol-binding linear motifs within the structure of all three proteins ABCA1, ABCG1, and SR-B1 are suggested to contribute to the binding and transfer of cholesterol molecules from cytoplasmic to outer leaflets of lipid bilayer. Together, plasma membrane events and intracellular cholesterol metabolism and traffic determine the capacity of the cell for cholesterol efflux.
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Duan J, Xiang D, Luo H, Wang G, Ye Y, Yu C, Li X. Tetramethylpyrazine suppresses lipid accumulation in macrophages via upregulation of the ATP-binding cassette transporters and downregulation of scavenger receptors. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:2267-2276. [PMID: 28791414 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP), a biologically active ingredient first extracted from the Chinese medicinal plant Ligusticum wallichii Franchat., has athero-protective activity, yet the particular mechanisms have not been completely explored. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of TMP and its possible mechanisms in RAW264.7 macrophages and apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice. TMP treatment markedly increased the cholesterol efflux and inhibited oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) uptake, thus, ameliorating lipid accumulation in macrophages. In addition, TMP significantly increased the protein and mRNA expression of ATP-binding cassette transporters A1 (ABCA1) and G1 (ABCG1), while suppressing the protein and mRNA expression of class A scavenger receptor (SR-A) and the cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36). Moreover, the effects of TMP on the upregulation of the expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1, the downregulation of the expression of CD36 and SR-A, the increase of cholesterol efflux and the decrease of lipid accumulation as well as the uptake of ox-LDL were mediated by the inactivation of PI3K/Akt and p38 MAPK. Furthermore, TMP upregulated the protein stability of ABCA1 without affecting ABCG1. Accordingly, TMP regulated the expression of SR-A, CD36, ABCA1 and ABCG1 in aortas of ApoE-/- mice, which resembled the findings observed in macrophages. TMP was also capable of delaying the progression of atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice. These findings revealed that TMP downregulates scavenger receptors and upregulates ATP-binding cassette transporters via PI3K/Akt and p38 MAPK signaling, thus suppressing lipid accumulation in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Duan
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Dong Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Hongli Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Guojun Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Yun Ye
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Chao Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Xiuying Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
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15
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Chen L, Zhang J, Deng X, Liu Y, Yang X, Wu Q, Yu C. Lysophosphatidic acid directly induces macrophage-derived foam cell formation by blocking the expression of SRBI. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 491:587-594. [PMID: 28765047 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.07.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The leading cause of morbidity and mortality is the result of cardiovascular disease, mainly atherosclerosis. The formation of macrophage foam cells by ingesting ox-LDL and focal retention in the subendothelial space are the hallmarks of the early atherosclerotic lesion. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), which is a low-molecular weight lysophospholipid enriched in oxidized LDL, exerts a range of effects on the cardiovascular system. Previous reports show that LPA increases the uptake of ox-LDL to promote the formation of foam cells. However, as the most active component of ox-LDL, there is no report showing whether LPA directly affects foam cell formation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of LPA on foam cell formation, as well as to elucidate the underlying mechanism. Oil red O staining and a Cholesterol/cholesteryl ester quantitation assay were used to evaluate foam cell formation in Raw264.7 macrophage cells. We utilized a Western blot and RT-PCR to investigate the relationship between LPA receptors and lipid transport related proteins. We found that LPA promoted foam cell formation, using 200 μM for 24 h. Meanwhile, the expression of the Scavenger receptor BI (SRBI), which promotes the efflux of free cholesterol, was decreased. Furthermore, the LPA1/3 receptor antagonist Ki16425 significantly abolished the LPA effects, indicating that LPA1/3 was involved in the foam cell formation and SRBI expression induced by LPA. Additionally, the LPA-induced foam cell formation was blocked with an AKT inhibitor. Our results suggest that LPA-enhanced foam cell formation is mediated by LPA1/3 -AKT activation and subsequent SRBI expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linmu Chen
- Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Xiao Deng
- Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Yan Liu
- Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Xi Yang
- Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China; College of Basic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010110, PR China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Chao Yu
- Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China; College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China.
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16
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Davidson J, Rotondo D. Scavenger receptor B1 mutation, elevated HDL cholesterol and a paradoxical increase in atherosclerosis. Curr Opin Lipidol 2016; 27:541-2. [PMID: 27579550 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0000000000000343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jillian Davidson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
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