Flow-injection determination of cysteine in pharmaceuticals based on luminol-persulphate chemiluminescence detection

The synthesis of Pt doped WO3 nanosheets and application on colorimetric detection of cysteine by naked eye using response surface methodology for optimization

We present a simple, sensitive, and specific colorimetric using the peroxidase properties method based on Pt doped WO₃ nanosheets to detect the cysteine. Pt@WO₃NSs were synthesized by hydrothermal method and characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD) methods. The response surface methodology (RSM) method based on the central composite design (CCD) was used to optimize test parameters such as pH, nanosheet concentration, and temperature. When cysteine is present in the environment due to its competition with 3,3', 5,5'-Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) in the use of hydrogen peroxide, the blue discoloration is reduced compared to the absence of cysteine and leads to its detection. We have favorably created a peculiar approach for sensing cysteine based on the colorimetric method in solution and paper with linear range 0.01-15 μM, 0.005-14 μM and R² = 0.9887 and R² = 0.9871 respectively. The detection limit for solution-based is 1.2 nM and for paper-based is 1 nM.

Naked-eye detection of cysteine/homocysteine through silver nano-resonators and specific identification of homocysteine through nanoresonator–thiosulphate conjugate

The citrate capped AgNPs synthesized through a modified previous report exhibit naked eye sensing towards cysteine/homocysteine along with SERS characteristics. Their thiosulphate conjugate detects selectively only homocysteine.

Naked eye and optical biosensing of cysteine over the other amino acids using β-cyclodextrin decorated silver nanoparticles as a nanoprobe

A simple, highly selective and efficient sensing approach based on a β-CD AgNP colorimetric nanoprobe has been demonstrated, which permits quick and specific determination of Cys over other important amino acids.

Switch-on fluorescent strategy based on crystal violet-functionalized CdTe quantum dots for detecting L-cysteine and glutathione in water and urine

The concentration of L-cysteine (Cys) and glutathione (GSH) is closely related to the critical risk of various diseases. In our study, a new rapid method for the determination of Cys and GSH in water and urine samples has been developed using a fluorescent probe technique, which was based on crystal violet (CV)-functionalized CdTe quantum dots (QDs). The original QDs emitted fluorescence light, which was turned off upon adding CV. This conjugation of CV and QDs could be attributed to electrostatic interaction between COO^- of mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) on the surface of QDs and N⁺ of CV in aqueous solution. In addition, Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) also occurred between CdTe QDs and CV. After adding Cys or GSH to the solution, Cys or GSH exhibited a stronger binding preference toward Cd²⁺ than Cd²⁺-MPA, which disturbed the interaction between MPA and QDs. Thus, most MPA was able to be separated from the surface of QDs because of the participation of Cys or GSH. Then, the fluorescence intensity of the CdTe QDs was enhanced. Good linear relationships were obtained in the range of 0.02-40 μg mL^-1 and 0.02-50 μg mL^-1, and the detection limits were calculated as 10.5 ng mL^-1 and 8.2 ng mL^-1, for Cys and GSH, respectively. In addition, the concentrations of biological thiols in water and urine samples were determined by the standard addition method using Cys as the standard; the quantitative recoveries were in the range of 97.3-105.8%, and relative standard deviations (RSDs) ranged from 2.5 to 3.7%. The method had several unique properties, such as simplicity, lower cost, high sensitivity, and environmental acceptability. Graphical abstract Crystal violet-functionalized CdTe quantum dots for detecting L-cysteine and glutathione with switch-on fluorescent strategy.

A novel luminol-based chemiluminescence method for the determination of amikacin sulfate in serum by using trivalent copper-periodate complex

A novel chemiluminescence (CL) reaction was based on the oxidizing reaction of luminol by the trivalent copper-periodate complex (K₅[Cu(HIO₆)₂], DPC) in alkaline medium. The CL intensity could be enhanced in the presence of amikacin sulfate (AKS). A new CL method was developed for the determination of AKS by coupling with flow injection (FI) technology. Because of the distinctive oxidative effect of DPC, the luminol-based CL reaction could occur at a low concentration of 10⁻⁷ M. The relative CL intensity was proportional to the concentration of AKS in the range of 4.0×10⁻⁹–4.0×10⁻⁶ g/mL with the detection limit of 1.2×10⁻⁹ g/mL. The relative standard deviation was 2.1% for 8.0×10⁻⁹ g/mL AKS (n=9). The proposed method was successfully applied to the direct determination of AKS at the level of ng/mL in serum samples. The recovery varied from 97.0% to 106.3%. A possible mechanism of the CL reaction was discussed in detail by relating to the CL kinetic characteristics and electrochemical activities of the oxidant DPC.

A highly sensitive and selective competition assay for the detection of cysteine using mercury-specific DNA, Hg and Sybr Green I

We here report a rapid, sensitive, selective and label-free fluorescence detection method for cysteine (Cys). The conformation of mercury-specific DNA (MSD) changes from a random coil form to a hairpin structure in the presence of Hg2+ due to the formation of a thymine-Hg2+ -thymine (T-Hg2+ -T) complex. Cys can selectively coordinate with Hg2+ and extract it from the thymine-Hg2+ -thymine complex. The hairpin structure dehybridizes and the fluorescence intensity of Sybr Green I (SG) decreases upon addition of Cys because SG efficiently discriminates mercury-specific DNA and mercury-specific DNA/Hg2+ complex. The detection can be finished within 5 min with high sensitivity and selectivity. In addition, we can obtain variable dynamic ranges for Cys by changing the concentration of MSD/Hg2+.

Determination of trace amounts of dopamine by flow-injection analysis coupled with luminol-Ag(III) complex chemiluminescence detection

A novel flow injection analysis-direct chemiluminescence (FI-CL) method has been developed for determination of trace amounts of dopamine (DA) based on the enhancing effect of DA on the CL reaction of luminol with an Ag(III) complex in alkaline solution. Under optimum conditions, CL intensities are proportional to the concentration of DA in the range of 1.0 × 10(-10) to 4.0 × 10(-8)  mol L(-1). The detection limit is 3.0 × 10(-11)  mol L(-1) for DA (3s), with a relative standard deviation (n = 13) of 2.3% for 1.0 × 10(-8)  mol L(-1) DA. This method has also been applied for the determination of DA in commercial pharmaceutical injection samples. On the basis of the CL spectra and the results of the free-radical trapping experiment of this work, a reaction mechanism for this CL reaction is proposed and discussed.

A flow injection chemiluminescence method for the determination of lincomycin in serum using a diperiodato-cuprate (III)-luminol system

In this paper, the novel trivalent copper-periodate complex {K₅[Cu(HIO₆)₂], DPC} has been applied in a luminol-based chemiluminescence (CL) reaction. Coupled with flow injection (FI) technology, the FI-CL method was proposed for the determination of lincomycin hydrochloride. The CL reaction between luminol and DPC occurred in an alkaline medium. The CL intensity could be greatly enhanced by lincomycin hydrochloride. The relative CL intensity was proportional to the concentration of lincomycin hydrochloride in the range of 1 × 10⁻⁸ to 5 × 10⁻⁶ g mL⁻¹ and the detection limit was at the 3.5 × 10⁻⁹ g mL⁻¹ level. The relative standard deviation at 5 × 10⁻⁸ g mL⁻¹ was 1.7% (n = 9). The sensitive method was successfully applied to the direct determination of lincomycin hydrochloride (ng mL⁻¹) in serum. A possible mechanism of the lumonol-DPC CL reaction was discussed by the study of the CL kinetic characteristics and the spectra of CL reaction. The oxidability of DPC was studied by means of its electrochemical response.

Enhanced chemiluminescence of peroxomonosulfate-cobalt (II) system in the presence of dicarboxylic acids

In the present work, the effects of molecular mass aliphatic dicarboxylic acids on the HSO(5)(-)-Co(2+) chemiluminescence (CL) system were investigated. It was found that the aliphatic dicarboxylic acids could enhance the CL of the HSO(5)(-)-Co(2+) system. Moreover, the CL intensities improved regularly with increasing carbon chain length of the dicarboxylic acids. To investigate the CL enhancement mechanism, dynamic profiles, CL spectroscopy, ESR spectrum and the effects of various free radical scavengers on the CL system were employed. The results indicated that the enhancement of the CL should be attributed to the formation of peroxo-diacid, which finally decomposed to the original dicarboxylic acid and singlet oxygen. The mechanism of the HSO(5)(-)-Co(2+)-dicarboxylic acid CL system was then proposed.