Flow injection chemiluminescence determination of 6-mercaptopurine based on a new system of potassium permanganate-thioacetamide-sodium hexametaphosphate

A new insight of structures, bonding and electronic properties for 6-mercaptopurine and Ag8 clusters configurations: a theoretical perspective

Background

Many reports have also shown that the silver nanoparticles can effectively increase the anticancer drug activity and intensely enhance the drug curative effect. The adsorption of 6MP on nanomaterials has received a lot of attentions because of the drug coordination to its chemotherapeutic activity. The geometrical structures, chemical bonds, molecular orbital properties as well as density of states for the configurations were analyzed to deeply understand the interactions between the 6MP and Ag₈ clusters for high effect anticancer drug production.

Results

In this work, the density functional theory B3LYP has been used to investigate the structures and properties of the configurations between 6-mercaptopurine (6MP) and Ag₈ clusters using 6-311++G** level as well as an effective pseudo potential LANL2DZ. The geometries of ten configurations were optimized with full freedom. The geometrical structures, chemical bonds, molecular orbital properties as well as density of states for partial configurations were analyzed based on the density functional calculations. Polarizable continuum solvent model (PCM) in self-consistent reaction field (SCRF) were used for the aqueous calculations. The influences of temperature and pressure on the stability of the predominant configurations in the gas phase were further considered using standard statistical thermodynamic methods from 50 to 500 K and at 1 bar or 100 bar.

Conclusion

The result shows that there are ten stable configurations in the gas phase and there is a strong chemical bond between a Ag and S atom in the most stable configuration. The analysis of density of states also shows that the Ag–S chemical bond in the most stable configuration has been formed. Moreover, the results show that the temperature and the pressure will significantly influence the stability of the configurations in the gas phase. Additionally, when the solvent effect was considered, we found that there are only seven stable configurations and the solvent have different effect on various configurations.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (10.1186/s13065-019-0573-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

A New Electrochemical Sensor for Direct Detection of Purine Antimetabolites and DNA Degradation

The development of a reliable electrochemical sensor using a hybrid nanocomposite consisting of ionic liquid (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate) functionalized graphene oxide (GrO-IL) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) stabilized by chitosan (Chit) was described. The new sensor, labelled as GrO-IL-AuNPs-Chit/CSE, exhibited an improved electrocatalytic response to cancer drugs such as purine antimetabolites (6-thioguanine, 6-mercaptopurine, and azathioprine) in a wide concentration range with a low detection limit (20-40 nmol·L^-1, S/N = 3), and satisfactory recoveries (97.1-103.0%). The sensor has been also successfully used for cyclic voltammetric study of a salmon sperm double-stranded DNA degradation and DNA-6-mercaptopurine interaction in aqueous solutions (pH 7.4).

Flow analysis with chemiluminescence detection: Recent advances and applications

This article highlights the most important developments in flow analysis with chemiluminescence (CL) detection, describing different flow systems that are compatible with CL detection, detector designs, commonly applied CL reactions and approaches to sample treatment. Recent applications of flow analysis with CL detection (focusing on outputs published since 2010) are also presented. Applications are classified by sample matrix, covering foods and beverages, environmental matrices, pharmaceuticals and biological fluids. Comprehensive tables are provided for each area, listing the specific sample matrix, CL reaction used, linear range, limit of detection and sample treatment for each analyte. Finally, recent and emerging trends in the field are also discussed.

Resonance light scattering determination of 6-mercaptopurine coupled with HPLC technique

A simple, fast, costless, sensitive and selective method of resonance light scattering coupled with HPLC was established for the determination of 6-mercaptopurine in human urine sample. In a Britton-Robinson buffer solution of pH5.5, the formation of coordination complex between 6-mercaptopurine and metal palladium (II) led to enhance the RLS intensity of the system. The RLS signal was detected by fluorescence detector at λ(ex)=λ(em)=315 nm. The analytical parameters were provided by the coupled system, the linear of 6-mercaptopurine response from 0.0615 to 2.40 μg L(-1) and the limit of detection (S/N=3) was 0.05 μg L(-1). The presented method has been applied to determine 6-mercaptopurine in human urine samples which obtained satisfactory results. Moreover, the reaction mechanism and possible reasons for enhancement of RLS were fully discussed.

Silver nanoparticles enhanced a novel TCPO-H₂O₂-safranin O chemiluminescence system for determination of 6-mercaptopurine

The present study deals with first attempt to introduce safranin O as the fluorophore for peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence system. The reaction of bis-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl) oxalate (TCPO) with H2O2 catalyzed by silver nanoparticles can transfer energy to safranin O via the formation of dioxetanedione intermediate and emits orange-red light. The relationship between CL intensity and the concentration of TCPO, fluorophore, hydrogen peroxide and nanocatalyst was investigated. The Ag nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical reduction method and characterized using scanning electron microscopy, particle size analyzer and UV-spectroscopy. Moreover, the system was applied successfully to detect a drug, 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) in pharmaceuticals. Under optimum conditions, a linear working range for 6-MP concentrations from 5.5 × 10(-7) to 5.5 × 10(-5)mol L(-1) (r>0.9831, n=6) was obtained with a detection limit of 1.6 × 10(-7)mol L(-1). The relative standard deviation for 6 repetitive determinations was less than 3.8% and recoveries of 98% and 103% were obtained.

Spectrophotometric Determination of 6-Mercaptopurine in Pharmaceutical Sample Using Fe(III)-Potassium Ferricyanide System

In the present work,we developed a simple,fast,sensitive and inexpensive method to determine 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) in pharmaceutical sample using Fe (III)-potassium ferricyanide system by spectrophotometry.The results show that in acid medium, Fe (Ш) can be reduced to Fe (II) by hydrosulfuryl (-SH) in 6-Mercaptopurin molecule, and then Fe (II) reacts with potassium ferricyanide to form a soluble Prussian blue (KFeIII[FeII(CN)6]),the content of 6-MP was determinated indirectly through determinating the absorbance of the soluble Prussian blue.The various effect factors on the determination of 6-MP by spectrophotometry using potassium Fe (III)-ferricyanide system were investigated in detail.The maximum absorption wavelength of chromogenic system was 755 nm, good linear relationship was obtained between the absorbance and the concentration of 6-MP in the range of 0.4120~2.884 μ g·/mL,the equation of the linear regression was A=0.0411+0.1462C (μ g·/mL),with a linear correlation coefficient was 0.9991.This proposed method had been successfully applied to determinate of 6-MP in real pharmaceutical,and the results agreed well with those obtained by pharmacopoeial method.