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Wang W, Yang P, Gao F, Wang Y, Xu Z, Liao X. Metal-free production of natural blue colorants through anthocyanin-protein interactions. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00080-8. [PMID: 38402948 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The scarcity of naturally available sources for blue colorants has driven reliance on synthetic alternatives. Nevertheless, growing health concerns have prompted the development of naturally derived blue colorants, which remains challenging with limited success thus far. Anthocyanins (ACNs) are known for providing blue colors in plants, and metal complexation with acylated ACNs remains the primary strategy to generate stable blue hues. However, this approach can be costly and raise concerns regarding potential metal consumption risks. OBJECTIVES Our study aims to introduce a metal-free approach to achieve blue coloration in commonly distributed non-acylated 3-glucoside ACNs by exploring their interactions with proteins and unveiling the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Using human serum albumin (HSA) as a model protein, we investigated the structural influences of ACNs on their blue color generation using visible absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence quenching, and molecular simulations. Additionally, we examined the bluing effects of six proteins derived from milk and egg and identified the remarkable roles of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and lysozyme (LYS). RESULTS Our findings highlighted the importance of two or more hydroxyl or methoxyl substituents in the B-ring of ACNs for generating blue colors. Cyanidin-, delphinidin- and petunidin-3-glucoside, featuring two neighboring hydroxyl groups in the B-ring, exhibited blue coloration when interacting with HSA or LYS, driven primarily by favorable enthalpy changes. In contrast, malvidin-3-glucoside, with two methoxyl substituents, achieved blue coloration through interactions with HSA or BSA, where entropy change played significant roles. CONCLUSION Our work, for the first time, demonstrates the remarkable capability of widely distributed 3-glucoside ACNs to generate diverse blue shades through interactions with certain proteins. This offers a promising and straightforward strategy for the production of ACN-based blue colorants, stimulating further research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Peiqing Yang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fuqing Gao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yongtao Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruit & Vegetable Processing, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Non-thermal Processing, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenzhen Xu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Xiaojun Liao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruit & Vegetable Processing, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Non-thermal Processing, Beijing, China.
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Dai X, Yu F, Jiang Z, Dong B, Kong X. A fast fluorescent probe for tracing endoplasmic reticulum-located carboxylesterase in living cells. LUMINESCENCE 2022; 37:2067-2073. [PMID: 36200455 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Carboxylesterase (CEs), mainly localized in endoplasmic reticulum (ER), are responsible for hydrolyzing compounds containing various ester bonds. They have been closely associated with drug metabolism and cellular homeostasis. Although some CE fluorescent probes have been developed, there are still a lack of probes that could target to the ER. Here, we developed a novel fluorescent probe CR with a specific ER anchor for monitoring CEs. In CR, p-toluenesulfonamide was chosen for precise ER targeting. A simple acetyl moiety was used as the CE response site and fluorescence modulation unit. During the spectral tests, CR displayed a fast response speed (within 10 s) towards CEs. In addition, it showed high sensitivity [limit of detection (LOD) = 5.1 × 10-3 U/ml] and high selectivity with CEs. In biological imaging, probe CR could especially locate in the ER in HepG2 cells. After cells were treated with orilistat, CR succeeded in monitoring the changes in the CEs. Importantly, CR also had the ability to trace the changes in CEs in a tunicamycin-induced ER stress model. Therefore, probe CR could be a powerful molecular tool for further investigating the functions of CEs in the ER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Dai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Faqi Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zekun Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Baoli Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiuqi Kong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Qie X, Chen Y, Quan W, Wang Z, Zeng M, Qin F, Chen J, He Z. Analysis of β-lactoglobulin–epigallocatechin gallate interactions: the antioxidant capacity and effects of polyphenols under different heating conditions in polyphenolic–protein interactions. Food Funct 2020; 11:3867-3878. [DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00627k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A β-Lg-EGCG covalent conjugate is formed by linking the amino group of a lysine residue and EGCG; the antioxidant capacity of EGCG induced by β-Lg–EGCG covalent conjugates causes a significant decrease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Qie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety
| | - Yao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety
| | - Wei Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety
| | - Zhaojun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
| | - Maomao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
| | - Fang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
| | - Zhiyong He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety
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Xu J, Wang M, Zheng Y, Tang L. Spectroscopic Technique-Based Comparative Investigation on the Interaction of Theaflavins with Native and Glycated Human Serum Albumin. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24173171. [PMID: 31480459 PMCID: PMC6749253 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24173171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Theaflavin is a kind of multi-pharmacological and health beneficial black tea factor. The aim of this study is to investigate the mechanisms by which theaflavin interacts with glycosylated and non-glycosylated serum albumins and compares their binding properties. Fluorescence and ultraviolet spectra indicated that theaflavin interacted with native and glycated human serum albumin through a static quenching mechanism and had a higher degree of quenching of human serum albumin. The thermodynamic parameters revealed that the combinations of theaflavin with native and glycated human serum albumin were a spontaneous endothermic reaction, and the hydrophobic force was a major driving force in the interaction process. Zeta potential, particle size, synchronous fluorescence, three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy and circular dichroism further clarified the effect of theaflavin on the conformation of human serum albumin structure were more pronounced. In addition, site competition experiments and molecular docking technique confirmed that the binding sites of theaflavin on both native and glycated human serum albumin were bound at site II. This study had investigated the effects of glycation on the binding of HSA with polyphenols and the potential nutriology significance of these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety of SDNU, Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant Biology, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Mengyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety of SDNU, Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant Biology, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yizhe Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety of SDNU, Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant Biology, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Lin Tang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety of SDNU, Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant Biology, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
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Anbouhi TS, Esfidvajani EM, Nemati F, Haghighat S, Sari S, Attar F, Pakaghideh A, Sohrabi MJ, Mousavi SE, Falahati M. Albumin binding, anticancer and antibacterial properties of synthesized zero valent iron nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 14:243-256. [PMID: 30643404 PMCID: PMC6314318 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s188497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nanoparticles (NPs) have been emerging as potential players in modern medicine with clinical applications ranging from therapeutic purposes to antimicrobial agents. However, before applications in medical agents, some in vitro studies should be done to explore their biological responses. AIM In this study, protein binding, anticancer and antibacterial activates of zero valent iron (ZVFe) were explored. MATERIALS AND METHODS ZVFe nanoparticles were synthesized and fully characterized by X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscope, and dynamic light scattering analyses. Afterward, the interaction of ZVFe NPs with human serum albumin (HSA) was examined using a range of techniques including intrinsic fluorescence, circular dichroism, and UV-visible spectroscopic methods. Molecular docking study was run to determine the kind of interaction between ZVFe NPs and HSA. The anticancer influence of ZVFe NPs on SH-SY5Y was examined by MTT and flow cytometry analysis, whereas human white blood cells were used as the control cell. Also, the antibacterial effect of ZVFe NPs was examined on Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923). RESULTS X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscope, and dynamic light scattering analyses verified the synthesis of ZVFe NPs in a nanosized diameter. Fluorescence spectroscopy analysis showed that ZVFe NPs spontaneously formed a complex with HSA through hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions. Also, circular dichroism spectroscopy study revealed that ZVFe NPs did not change the secondary structure of HSA. Moreover, UV-visible data presented that melting temperature (Tm) of HSA in the absence and presence of ZVFe NPs was almost identical. Molecular dynamic study also showed that ZVFe NP came into contact with polar residues on the surface of HSA molecule. Cellular assays showed that ZVFe NPs can induce cell mortality in a dose-dependent manner against SH-SY5Y cells, whereas these NPs did not trigger significant cell mortality against normal white bloods in the concentration range studied (1-100 µg/mL). Antibacterial assays showed a noteworthy inhibition on both bacterial strains. CONCLUSION In conclusion, it was revealed that ZVFe NPs did not induce a substantial influence on the structure of protein and cytotoxicity against normal cell, whereas they derived significant anticancer and antibacterial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabassom Sedaghat Anbouhi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elnaz Mokhtari Esfidvajani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Nemati
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Setareh Haghighat
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soyar Sari
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farnoosh Attar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Food Industry and Agriculture, Standard Research Institute (SRI), Karaj, Iran
| | - Arezoo Pakaghideh
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Science Branch, Islamic Azad University (IAUPS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Sohrabi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
| | - Seyyedeh Elaheh Mousavi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
| | - Mojtaba Falahati
- Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran,
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He W, Mu H, Liu Z, Lu M, Hang F, Chen J, Zeng M, Qin F, He Z. Effect of preheat treatment of milk proteins on their interactions with cyanidin-3-O-glucoside. Food Res Int 2018; 107:394-405. [PMID: 29580500 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.02.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the binding of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) to preheated milk proteins β-lactoglobulin (β-Lg) and β-casein (β-CN) at 55-90 °C under pH 3.6 and pH 6.3 was investigated using multi-spectral techniques. Fluorescence quenching spectroscopy data showed C3G quenched milk proteins' fluorescence strongly. Thermodynamic analysis revealed that C3G bound to β-Lg mainly through hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions, and that their binding affinity increased gradually with increasing preheating temperature at pH 6.3, whereas it decreased at pH 3.6. Hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces played the major roles in the interaction of β-CN with C3G, their affinity decreasing with increasing preheating temperature at both pH values. The combination of C3G and preheated β-Lg at 85 °C had the strongest binding affinity, with a KA of 14.10 (±0.33) × 105 M-1 (pH 6.3, 298 K). Preheating of milk proteins did not change their major forces with C3G. Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR) results showed that C3G binding altered the secondary structures of β-Lg and β-CN by reducing the proportion of α-helix and β-sheet structures and increasing the proportion of random coil and turn structures. The structural changes of preheated β-Lg upon C3G binding were more pronounced than that of native β-Lg, while there was little difference between preheated and native β-CN in their structural changes upon C3G binding. These results will be helpful in better understanding the relevance of native and preheated milk protein-C3G interactions to the stability of C3G, and in promoting its application in the food industry as a natural pigment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjia He
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200436, China; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Haibo Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200436, China
| | - Zhenmin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200436, China
| | - Mei Lu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-6205, United States
| | - Feng Hang
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200436, China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Maomao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Fang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Zhiyong He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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Liu J, Yan X, Yue Y, Zhao S. Investigation of the interaction of aurantio-obtusin with human serum albumin by spectroscopic and molecular docking methods. LUMINESCENCE 2017; 33:104-111. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.3378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education; Henan Normal University; Xinxiang Henan P. R. China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Henan Normal University; Xinxiang Henan P. R. China
| | - Xuyang Yan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education; Henan Normal University; Xinxiang Henan P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Yue
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education; Henan Normal University; Xinxiang Henan P. R. China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Henan Normal University; Xinxiang Henan P. R. China
| | - Shufang Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education; Henan Normal University; Xinxiang Henan P. R. China
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