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Anusuyadevi K, Bose AC, Velmathi S. Single Step Solid State Synthesis of Carbon Nanoparticles for Instantaneous Detection of Fe (III) in Water Samples. J Fluoresc 2023:10.1007/s10895-023-03437-3. [PMID: 37726503 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03437-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Though iron is one of the vital micronutrients in biological systems excess of which is associated with various illness. Consumption of contaminated water and crops because of its extensive industrial utility is one of the major sources for excess iron in living beings. Hence, we have designed a sensor based on carbon nanoparticles for the detection of Fe (III) and we have also attempted to estimate Fe (III) in spiked water samples. Carbon nanoparticles (CNP) with quantum yield of 40.2 % was synthesized by solid state synthesis from aromatic molecular precursors unlike conventional synthesis methodology. The particle size, stability and optical properties of CNP were investigated by microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. CNP manifested a naked color change from colorless to yellow in presence of Fe (III) and 72 % of CNP's emission was quenched at 487 nm on excitation at 377 nm by Fe (III). The detection time was less than a second and limit of detection was calculated as 0.248 µM. The mechanistic aspect of detection was investigated and applicability of CNP was examined in spiked water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathiresan Anusuyadevi
- Organic and Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, 620 015, India
| | - Arumugam Chandra Bose
- Nanomaterials Laboratory, Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, 620 015, India
| | - Sivan Velmathi
- Organic and Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, 620 015, India.
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Chatterjee N, Kumar P, Kumar K, Misra SK. What makes carbon nanoparticle a potent material for biological application? WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 14:e1782. [PMID: 35194963 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Carbon materials are generally utilized in the form of carbon allotropes and their characteristics are exploited as such or for improving the thermal, electrical, optical, and mechanical properties of other biomaterials. This has now found a broader share in conventional biomaterial space with the generation of nanodiamond, carbon dot, carbon nanoparticles (CNPs), and so forth. With properties of better biocompatibility, intrinsic optical emission, aqueous suspendability, and easier surface conjugation possibilities made CNPs as one of the fore most choice for biological applications especially for use in intracellular spaces. There are various reports available presenting methods of preparing, characterizing, and using CNPs for various biological applications but a collection of information on what makes CNP a suitable biomaterial to achieve those biological activities is yet to be provided in a significant way. Herein, a series of correlations among synthesis, characterization, and mode of utilization of CNP have been incorporated along with the variations in its use as agent for sensing, imaging, and therapy of different diseases or conditions. It is ensembled that how simplified and optimized methods of synthesis is correlated with specific characteristics of CNPs which were found to be suitable in the specific biological applications. These comparisons and correlations among various CNPs, will surely provide a platform to generate new edition of this nanomaterial with improvised applications and newer methods of evaluating structural, physical, and functional properties. This may ensure the eventual use of CNPs for human being for specific need in near future. This article is categorized under: Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology Diagnostic Tools > Biosensing Diagnostic Tools > In Vitro Nanoparticle-Based Sensing Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niranjan Chatterjee
- Department of Biological Sciences & Bioengineering and The Mehta Family Centre for Engineering in Medicine, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Piyush Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences & Bioengineering and The Mehta Family Centre for Engineering in Medicine, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Krishan Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences & Bioengineering and The Mehta Family Centre for Engineering in Medicine, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Santosh K Misra
- Department of Biological Sciences & Bioengineering and The Mehta Family Centre for Engineering in Medicine, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Sawalha S, Assali M, Nasasrah A, Salman M, Nasasrah M, Jitan M, Hilal HS, Zyuod A. Optical properties and photoactivity of carbon nanodots synthesized from olive solid wastes at different carbonization temperatures. RSC Adv 2022; 12:4490-4500. [PMID: 35425496 PMCID: PMC8981074 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra09273a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanodots (CNDs) have many fascinating properties, such as optical properties (UV-Visible absorption and fluorescence emission), which make them good candidates in many applications, such as photocatalysts for the degradation of several organic pollutants. This study aims to synthesize CNDs from olive solid wastes at different carbonization temperatures from 300 to 900 °C and study the effect on the optical properties of the CNDs, such UV-Vis, fluorescence, quantum yield, and energy bandgap, in addition to the influence on the photoactivity of the CNDs as photocatalysts for the degradation of methylene blue (MB). CNDs were prepared from olive solid wastes (OSWs) by pyrolysis at different temperatures (300-900 °C) for conversion to carbonized material, and then oxidized chemically in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). It was found that an increase in the carbonization temperature of the OSWs leads to an increase in the product yield with a maximum value at 500 °C, and it then decreased dramatically. On the other hand, a decrease in fluorescence due to the diminishment of oxygen groups and the destruction of the surface of the CNDs was observed. The higher quantum yield (5.17%) and bandgap (2.77 eV) were achieved for CNDs prepared from OSWs that carbonized at 300 °C. The rate and degradation efficiency of MB were studied with the different synthesized CNDs, and it was found that an increase in the carbonization temperature leads to a decrease in the rate and degradation efficiency of MB, with the highest degradation rate of 0.0575 min-1 and degradation efficiency of 100% after 120 minutes of light irradiation being realized for the sample carbonized at 300 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi Sawalha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, An-Najah National University Nablus Palestine
| | - Mohyeddin Assali
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An Najah National University Nablus Palestine
| | - Ameerah Nasasrah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, An-Najah National University Nablus Palestine
| | - Maha Salman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, An-Najah National University Nablus Palestine
| | - Majd Nasasrah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, An-Najah National University Nablus Palestine
| | - Madleen Jitan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, An-Najah National University Nablus Palestine
| | - Hikmat S Hilal
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, An-Najah National University Nablus Palestine
| | - Ahed Zyuod
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, An-Najah National University Nablus Palestine
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Raj SK, Yadav V, Bhadu GR, Patidar R, Kumar M, Kulshrestha V. Synthesis of highly fluorescent and water soluble graphene quantum dots for detection of heavy metal ions in aqueous media. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:46336-46342. [PMID: 32056095 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07891-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are nanomaterials which possess unique properties that show great potential in different applications. In this work, GQDs were synthesized using graphene oxide (GO) as precursor via thermal treatment at high temperature. The obtained GQDs were highly fluorescent and were suitable for the determination of heavy metal ions. X-ray diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy, and UV visible spectroscopy confirm the formation of GQDs. TEM images show that formed GQDs have size ranging from 2 to 10 nm. Emission profile of aqueous GQDs was taken by exciting GQDs at different wavelength. The intensity of GQDs remains the same for 4-5 months. Furthermore, as prepared, GQDs were used for selective recognition of Fe3+, Pb+2, and Cr3+ from the bunch of different metal ions in aqueous media. Lower limit of detection obtained for Fe3+, Cr3+ and Pb2+ using GQDs were 50, 100 and 100 nM, respectively, which indicates that the GQDs can be utilized as a promising material for sensing of the heavy metal ions. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savan K Raj
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, 364 002, India
- Department of Physics, The MK Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, 364 002, India
| | - Vikrant Yadav
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, 364 002, India
| | - Gopala R Bhadu
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, 364 002, India
| | - Rajesh Patidar
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, 364 002, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Physics, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, 302004, Rajasthan, India
| | - Vaibhav Kulshrestha
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, 364 002, India.
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Huang M, Liang X, Zhang Z, Wang J, Fei Y, Ma J, Qu S, Mi L. Carbon Dots for Intracellular pH Sensing with Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E604. [PMID: 32218205 PMCID: PMC7221822 DOI: 10.3390/nano10040604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The monitoring of intracellular pH is of great importance for understanding intracellular trafficking and functions. It has various limitations for biosensing based on the fluorescence intensity or spectra study. In this research, pH-sensitive carbon dots (CDs) were employed for intracellular pH sensing with fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) for the first time. FLIM is a highly sensitive method that is used to detect a microenvironment and it can overcome the limitations of biosensing methods based on fluorescence intensity. The different groups on the CDs surfaces changing with pH environments led to different fluorescence lifetime values. The CDs aqueous solution had a gradual change from 1.6 ns to 3.7 ns in the fluorescence lifetime with a pH range of 2.6-8.6. Similar fluorescence lifetime changes were found in pH buffer-treated living cells. The detection of lysosomes, cytoplasm, and nuclei in living cells was achieved by measuring the fluorescence lifetime of CDs. In particular, a phasor FLIM analysis was used to improve the pH imaging. Moreover, the effects of the coenzymes, amino acids, and proteins on the fluorescence lifetime of CDs were examined in order to mimic the complex microenvironment inside the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maojia Huang
- Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra-precision Optical Manufacturing, Green Photoelectron Platform, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; (M.H.); (X.L.); (Z.Z.); (Y.F.)
| | - Xinyue Liang
- Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra-precision Optical Manufacturing, Green Photoelectron Platform, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; (M.H.); (X.L.); (Z.Z.); (Y.F.)
| | - Zixiao Zhang
- Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra-precision Optical Manufacturing, Green Photoelectron Platform, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; (M.H.); (X.L.); (Z.Z.); (Y.F.)
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China;
| | - Yiyan Fei
- Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra-precision Optical Manufacturing, Green Photoelectron Platform, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; (M.H.); (X.L.); (Z.Z.); (Y.F.)
| | - Jiong Ma
- Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra-precision Optical Manufacturing, Green Photoelectron Platform, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; (M.H.); (X.L.); (Z.Z.); (Y.F.)
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Academy for Engineer and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- The Multiscale Research Institute of Complex Systems (MRICS), School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Songnan Qu
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
| | - Lan Mi
- Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra-precision Optical Manufacturing, Green Photoelectron Platform, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; (M.H.); (X.L.); (Z.Z.); (Y.F.)
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Arvapalli DM, Sheardy AT, Alapati KC, Wei J. High Quantum Yield Fluorescent Carbon Nanodots for detection of Fe (III) Ions and Electrochemical Study of Quenching Mechanism. Talanta 2019; 209:120538. [PMID: 31892023 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanodots (CNDs) offer potential applications in photocatalysis, optoelectronics, bio-imaging, and sensing due to their excellent photoluminescence (PL) properties, biocompatibility, aqueous solubility, and easy functionalization. Recent emphasis on CNDs in the selective detection of metal ions is due to the growing concern for human and environmental safety. In this work, two types of fluorescent carbon nanodots (CNDs) are synthesized economically from ethylene diamine (E-CNDs) or urea (U-CNDs) in a single step microwave process. The as-prepared CNDs exhibit excellent PL at an excitation wavelength of 350 nm with a quantum yield of 64% for E-CNDs and 8.4% for U-CNDs with reference to quinine sulfate. Both E-CNDs and U-CNDs demonstrate high selectivity towards Fe (III) ions among different metal ions, by fluorescence quenching in a dose dependent manner. The limit of detection of E-CNDs and U-CNDs is observed to be 18 nM and 30 nM, respectively, in the linear response range of 0-2000 μM with a short response time (seconds). The CNDs detect Fe (III) ions in tap water and serum sample with no spiking and the recovery was ~100% with the Fe (III) samples. Cellular internalization studies confirm the localization of the CNDs and the optical imaging sensing of Fe (III) ions inside living cells. A charge transfer fluorescence quenching mechanism, specifically between the CNDs and Fe (III), is proposed and examined using cyclic voltammetry. The overall characteristics of the E-CNDs provides a potential sensing platform in highly sensitive and selective detection of Fe (III) ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durga M Arvapalli
- Department of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, 27401, USA
| | - Alex T Sheardy
- Department of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, 27401, USA
| | - Kalyan C Alapati
- Department of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, 27401, USA
| | - Jianjun Wei
- Department of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, 27401, USA.
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Long Y, Zhang L, Yu Y, Lin B, Cao Y, Guo M. Silicon nanoparticles synthesized using a microwave method and used as a label-free fluorescent probe for detection of VB 12. LUMINESCENCE 2019; 34:544-552. [PMID: 31119853 DOI: 10.1002/bio.3651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A simple and rapid detection strategy for vitamin B12 (VB12 ) was established based on label-free silicon quantum dots (SiQDs); the detection mechanism was additionally investigated. SiQDs were synthesized using a one-step microwave method, and their fluorescence was stronger than that synthesized using the hydrothermal method. SiQDs fluorescence was quenched using VB12 due to the inner filter effect (IFE), which was demonstrated using ultraviolet (UV) absorption spectra, fluorescence lifetime, transmission electron microscopy and zeta potential analysis. Subsequently, quercetin (Que) and doxorubicin (Dox) with absorption peaks that overlapped the excitation or emission peaks of SiQDs respectively were used as control groups to investigate the quenching mechanism. Results showed that quenching efficiency was related to the level of overlap between the adsorption peak of the quencher and the excitation or emission peaks of SiQDs. A greater level of overlap caused a higher quenching efficiency. Therefore, the sensitive quenching of VB12 for SiQDs was due to the synergistic effect of the synchronous overlap between the absorption peak of VB12 with the excitation and emission peaks of SiQDs. Fluorescence quenching efficiency increased linearly in the 0.5 to 16.0 μmol·L-1 VB12 concentration range, and the detection limit was 158 nmol·L-1 . In addition, SiQDs were applied to determine VB12 in tablets and human urine samples with satisfactory recoveries ranging from 97.7 to 101.1%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Long
- School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Yu
- School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bixia Lin
- School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yujuan Cao
- School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Manli Guo
- School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, Guangzhou, China
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