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Jimi N, Bessho-Uehara M, Nakamura K, Sakata M, Hayashi T, Kanie S, Mitani Y, Ohmiya Y, Tsuyuki A, Ota Y, Woo SP, Ogoh K. Investigating the diversity of bioluminescent marine worm Polycirrus (Annelida), with description of three new species from the Western Pacific. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 10:230039. [PMID: 36998762 PMCID: PMC10049758 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.230039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Bioluminescence, a phenomenon observed widely in organisms ranging from bacteria to metazoans, has a significant impact on the behaviour and ecology of organisms. Among bioluminescent organisms, Polycirrus, which has unique emission wavelengths, has received attention, and advanced studies such as RNA-Seq have been conducted, but they are limited to a few cases. In addition, accurate species identification is difficult due to lack of taxonomic organization. In this study, we conducted comprehensive taxonomic survey of Japanese Polycirrus based on multiple specimens from different locations and described as three new species: Polycirrus onibi sp. nov., P. ikeguchii sp. nov. and P. aoandon sp. nov. The three species can be distinguished from the known species based on the following characters: (i) arrangement of mid-ventral groove, (ii) arrangement of notochaetigerous segments, (iii) type of neurochaetae uncini, and (iv) arrangement of nephridial papillae. By linking the bioluminescence phenomenon with taxonomic knowledge, we established a foundation for future bioluminescent research development. We also provide a brief phylogenetic tree based on cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences to discuss the evolution of bioluminescence and the direction of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Jimi
- Sugashima Marine Biological Laboratory, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, 429-63 Sugashima, Toba, Mie 517-0004, Japan
- Centre for Marine & Coastal Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM Penang, Malaysia
| | - Manabu Bessho-Uehara
- Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, 464-8601 Nagoya, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, 464-8601 Nagoya, Japan
| | - Koji Nakamura
- Japan Underwater Films Co., Ltd., 2-11-15, Nakaochiai, Shinjyuku, Tokyo 161-0032, Japan
| | - Masahiko Sakata
- Japan Underwater Films Co., Ltd., 2-11-15, Nakaochiai, Shinjyuku, Tokyo 161-0032, Japan
| | - Taro Hayashi
- EVIDENT CORPORATION, Shinjuku Monolith, 3-1 Nishi-Shinjuku 2-chome, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shusei Kanie
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Sapporo 062-8517, Japan
| | - Yasuo Mitani
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Sapporo 062-8517, Japan
| | | | - Aoi Tsuyuki
- Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Yuzo Ota
- San'in Kaigan Geopark Museum of the Earth and Sea, 1794-4, Makidani, Iwami-town, Tottori 681-0001, Japan
| | - Sau Pinn Woo
- Centre for Marine & Coastal Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM Penang, Malaysia
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Kanie S, Miura D, Jimi N, Hayashi T, Nakamura K, Sakata M, Ogoh K, Ohmiya Y, Mitani Y. Violet bioluminescent Polycirrus sp. (Annelida: Terebelliformia) discovered in the shallow coastal waters of the Noto Peninsula in Japan. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19097. [PMID: 34580316 PMCID: PMC8476577 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98105-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Terebellidae worms have large numbers of tentacles responsible for various biological functions. Some Terebellidae worms whose tentacles emit light are found around the world, including exceptional violet-light-emitting Polycirrus spp. found in Europe and North America. However, there is no video-recorded observation of the luminous behavior of such unique species in nature, and the genetic information related to their ecology are lacking. Here, for the first time, we video-recorded the violet-light-emitting behavior of an undescribed Japanese worm in its natural habitat. The worm was designated as Polycirrus sp. ISK based on morphological observations, and the luminescence spectrum showed a peak at 444 nm, which is an exceptionally short wavelength for bioluminescence in a shallow coastal water environment. An analysis of differentially expressing genes based on separate RNA-Seq analysis for the tentacles and the rest of body revealed the specific expression of genes that are probably involved in innate immunity in the tentacles exposed to predators. We also found a Renilla luciferase homologous gene, but coelenterazine was not detected in the worm extract by analyses using a liquid chromatography and a recombinant Renilla luciferase. These results will promote an understanding of the ecology and luminescence mechanisms of luminous Polycirrus spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shusei Kanie
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Sapporo, 062-8517, Japan
| | - Daisuke Miura
- Biomedical Research Institute, AIST, Tsukuba, 305-8566, Japan
| | - Naoto Jimi
- National Institute of Polar Research, Tachikawa, Tokyo, 190-8518, Japan.,Sugashima Marine Biological Laboratory, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Toba, Mie, 517-0004, Japan
| | - Taro Hayashi
- Olympus Corporation, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-8512, Japan
| | - Koji Nakamura
- Japan Underwater Films Co., Ltd., 2-11-15, Nakaochiai, Shinjyuku, Tokyo, 161-0032, Japan
| | - Masahiko Sakata
- Japan Underwater Films Co., Ltd., 2-11-15, Nakaochiai, Shinjyuku, Tokyo, 161-0032, Japan
| | - Katsunori Ogoh
- Olympus Corporation, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-8512, Japan.,HATENOURUMA, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192‑0023, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ohmiya
- Biomedical Research Institute, AIST, Ikeda, 563-8577, Japan.,Osaka Institute of Technology (OIT), Osaka, 535-8585, Japan
| | - Yasuo Mitani
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Sapporo, 062-8517, Japan.
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Lau ES, Oakley TH. Multi-level convergence of complex traits and the evolution of bioluminescence. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2020; 96:673-691. [PMID: 33306257 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Evolutionary convergence provides natural opportunities to investigate how, when, and why novel traits evolve. Many convergent traits are complex, highlighting the importance of explicitly considering convergence at different levels of biological organization, or 'multi-level convergent evolution'. To investigate multi-level convergent evolution, we propose a holistic and hierarchical framework that emphasizes breaking down traits into several functional modules. We begin by identifying long-standing questions on the origins of complexity and the diverse evolutionary processes underlying phenotypic convergence to discuss how they can be addressed by examining convergent systems. We argue that bioluminescence, a complex trait that evolved dozens of times through either novel mechanisms or conserved toolkits, is particularly well suited for these studies. We present an updated estimate of at least 94 independent origins of bioluminescence across the tree of life, which we calculated by reviewing and summarizing all estimates of independent origins. Then, we use our framework to review the biology, chemistry, and evolution of bioluminescence, and for each biological level identify questions that arise from our systematic review. We focus on luminous organisms that use the shared luciferin substrates coelenterazine or vargulin to produce light because these organisms convergently evolved bioluminescent proteins that use the same luciferins to produce bioluminescence. Evolutionary convergence does not necessarily extend across biological levels, as exemplified by cases of conservation and disparity in biological functions, organs, cells, and molecules associated with bioluminescence systems. Investigating differences across bioluminescent organisms will address fundamental questions on predictability and contingency in convergent evolution. Lastly, we highlight unexplored areas of bioluminescence research and advances in sequencing and chemical techniques useful for developing bioluminescence as a model system for studying multi-level convergent evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily S Lau
- Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, U.S.A
| | - Todd H Oakley
- Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, U.S.A
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