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Satsu H, Kimura S, Hori Y. Physiological effects of food ingredients on intestinal epithelial cell function. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2023; 50:100499. [PMID: 36907086 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2023.100499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the physiological effects of food ingredients on bodily functions is crucial for the development of foods for specified health use (FoSHU) and functional foods. To investigate this, intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) have been widely studied as they are most frequently exposed to the highest concentrations of food ingredients. Among the various functions of IECs, in this review, we have discussed glucose transporters and their involvement in preventing metabolic syndromes such as diabetes. Phytochemicals are also discussed, as they significantly inhibit glucose and fructose absorption via sodium-dependent glucose transporter 1 (SGLT1) and glucose transporter 5 (GLUT5), respectively. Additionally, we have focused on the barrier functions of IECs against xenobiotics. Phytochemicals induce detoxification of metabolizing enzymes via pregnane X receptor or aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation, which suggests that food ingredients can enhance barrier function. This review will provide insights into the role of food ingredients and glucose transporters, as well as detoxification metabolizing enzymes in IECs, and help guide future research on these aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Satsu
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Maebashi Institute of Technology, Gunma, 371-0816, Japan.
| | - Shimon Kimura
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Maebashi Institute of Technology, Gunma, 371-0816, Japan
| | - Yuki Hori
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Maebashi Institute of Technology, Gunma, 371-0816, Japan
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Baicalein Restores the Balance of Th17/Treg Cells via Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor to Attenuate Colitis. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:5918587. [PMID: 33082710 PMCID: PMC7556074 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5918587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As one of the ligands of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), baicalein, isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, has been proved to exert potential therapeutic effects on ulcerative colitis (UC), but its therapeutic mechanism remains obscure. Authentically, ulcerative colitis can be alleviated by regulating the differentiation of naïve CD4+ T cells via AhR activation. So, our study planned to prove the hypothesis that baicalein protected mice against UC by regulating the balance of Th17/Treg cells via AhR activation. Immunofluorescence and western blot results showed that baicalein could promote AhR activation and induce it to transfer to the nucleus. We further determined the effect of baicalein on naïve CD4+ T cell differentiation in vitro by magnetic cell separation and drug intervention. The results showed that baicalein could promote Treg cell differentiation by activating AhR. In vivo study, UC mice were established by free drinking of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) for 7 days and then were orally administrated by baicalein (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg), TCDD (AhR agonist), and CH223191 (antagonist). The results demonstrated that baicalein improved the symptoms of UC mice, regulated the balance of Th17/Treg cells, and restored the balance of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-17, IL-6, and TNF-α; anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10 and TGF-β; and epithelial protective cytokine IL-22 in UC mice, and these effects were related to AhR. Taken together, our research found that baicalein might be a potential drug for UC via regulating Treg cell differentiation and maintaining immune homeostasis and attempted to shed a light on the pivotal role of AhR in these effects.
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Gan L, Ma J, You G, Mai J, Wang Z, Yang R, Xie C, Fei J, Tang L, Zhao J, Cai Z, Ye L. Glucuronidation and its effect on the bioactivity of amentoflavone, a biflavonoid from Ginkgo biloba leaves. J Pharm Pharmacol 2020; 72:1840-1853. [PMID: 32144952 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ginkgo biloba leaves contain amentoflavone (AMF), a dietary flavonoid that possesses antioxidant and anticancer activity. Flavonoids are extensively subjected to glucuronidation. This study aimed to determine the metabolic profile of AMF and the effect of glucuronidation on AMF bioactivity. METHODS A pharmacokinetic study was conducted to determine the plasma concentrations of AMF and its metabolites. The metabolic profile of AMF was elucidated using different species of microsomes. The antioxidant activity of AMF metabolites was determined using DPPH/ABTS radical and nitric oxide assays. The anticancer activity of AMF metabolites was evaluated in U87MG/U251 cells. KEY FINDINGS Pharmacokinetic studies indicated that the oral bioavailability of AMF was 0.06 ± 0.04%, and the area under the curve of the glucuronidated AMF metabolites (410.938 ± 62.219 ng/ml h) was significantly higher than that of AMF (194.509 ± 16.915 ng/ml h). UGT1A1 and UGT1A3 greatly metabolized AMF. No significant difference was observed in the antioxidant activity between AMF and its metabolites. The anticancer activity of AMF metabolites significantly decreased. CONCLUSIONS A low AMF bioavailability was due to extensive glucuronidation, which was mediated by UGT1A1 and UGT1A3. Glucuronidated AMF metabolites had the same antioxidant but had a lower anticancer activity than that of AMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Gan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiating Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoquan You
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinxia Mai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoyu Wang
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruopeng Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cong Xie
- Pharmacy Department of Nan Fang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingrao Fei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lan Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Yao N, Zeng C, Zhan T, He F, Liu M, Liu F, Zhang H, Xiong Y, Xia C. Oleanolic Acid and Ursolic Acid Induce UGT1A1 Expression in HepG2 Cells by Activating PXR Rather Than CAR. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1111. [PMID: 31611795 PMCID: PMC6777376 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Oleanolic acid (OA) and its isomer ursolic acid (UA) have recently emerged as research foci based on their biologic activities. We previously demonstrated that UA can inhibit the activities of UGT1A3 and UGT1A4, and OA inhibits UGT1A3 activity in liver microsomes. However, whether OA and UA affect the expression of UGT1As in HepG2 cells and the underlying regulatory mechanism remain unclear. Purpose: The present study aimed to explore the effect of OA and UA on the expression of UGT1As in HepG2 cells and the regulatory mechanisms on UGT1A1 based on the pregnane X receptor (PXR) and constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) signaling pathways. Methods: We analyzed the effect of OA and UA on UGT1A expression and on the PXR/CAR regulatory pathway in HepG2 cells, hPXR-silenced HepG2 cells, and hCAR-silenced HepG2 cells by Q-PCR, Western blotting, and dual-luciferase reporter gene assays. Results: In HepG2 cells, OA and UA both significantly induced the expression of UGT1A1, UGT1A3, UGT1A4, and UGT1A9 and upregulated the expression of PXR. However, OA and UA did not affect CAR expression. A dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that OA and UA could markedly promote PXR-mediated UGT1A1 luciferase activity, whereas OA and UA did not affect CAR-mediated UGT1A1 luciferase activity. In hPXR-silenced HepG2 cells, OA and UA did not elevate UGT1A1 activity compared to the control group. However, the expression of UGT1A1 in hCAR-silenced HepG2 cells was markedly elevated compared to the control group or with non-silenced HepG2 cells treated with OA (10, 20, and 40 μM) or UA (10, 20, and 40 μM). Conclusions: OA and UA significantly induce the expression of UGT1A1, UGT1A3, UGT1A4, and UGT1A9 in HepG2 cells, and their induction on UGT1A1 is mediated by PXR activation, not CAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Yao
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Caiwen Zeng
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Oncology, Jiangxi Province Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Tao Zhan
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Fang He
- Pharmacy Department, Jiangxi Province Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Mingyi Liu
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Fanglan Liu
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yuqing Xiong
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chunhua Xia
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Satsu H. Regulation of Detoxification Enzymes by Food Components in Intestinal Epithelial Cells. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.25.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Satsu
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Maebashi Institute of Technology
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Domínguez-Avila JA, Wall-Medrano A, Velderrain-Rodríguez GR, Chen CYO, Salazar-López NJ, Robles-Sánchez M, González-Aguilar GA. Gastrointestinal interactions, absorption, splanchnic metabolism and pharmacokinetics of orally ingested phenolic compounds. Food Funct 2018; 8:15-38. [PMID: 28074953 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01475e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The positive health effects of phenolic compounds (PCs) have been extensively reported in the literature. An understanding of their bioaccessibility and bioavailability is essential for the elucidation of their health benefits. Before reaching circulation and exerting bioactions in target tissues, numerous interactions take place before and during digestion with either the plant or host's macromolecules that directly impact the organism and modulate their own bioaccessibility and bioavailability. The present work is focused on the gastrointestinal (GI) interactions that are relevant to the absorption and metabolism of PCs and how these interactions impact their pharmacokinetic profiles. Non-digestible cell wall components (fiber) interact intimately with PCs and delay their absorption in the small intestine, instead carrying them to the large intestine. PCs not bound to fiber interact with digestible nutrients in the bolus where they interfere with the digestion and absorption of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, cholesterol, bile salts and micronutrients through the inhibition of digestive enzymes and enterocyte transporters and the disruption of micelle formation. PCs internalized by enterocytes may reach circulation (through transcellular or paracellular transport), be effluxed back into the lumen (P-glycoprotein, P-gp) or be metabolized by phase I and phase II enzymes. Some PCs can inhibit P-gp or phase I/II enzymes, which can potentially lead to drug-nutrient interactions. The absorption and pharmacokinetic parameters are modified by all of the interactions within the digestive tract and by the presence of other PCs. Undesirable interactions have promoted the development of nanotechnological approaches to promote the bioaccessibility, bioavailability, and bioefficacy of PCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Abraham Domínguez-Avila
- Coordinación de Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Vegetal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. Carretera a la Victoria Km 0.6. C.P. 83304, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico.
| | - Abraham Wall-Medrano
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo Envolvente del Pronaf y Estocolmo s/n, CP 32310, Cd. Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico.
| | - Gustavo R Velderrain-Rodríguez
- Coordinación de Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Vegetal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. Carretera a la Victoria Km 0.6. C.P. 83304, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico.
| | - C-Y Oliver Chen
- Antioxidants Research Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA.
| | - Norma Julieta Salazar-López
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales S/N Col. Centro, C.P. 83000, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico.
| | - Maribel Robles-Sánchez
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales S/N Col. Centro, C.P. 83000, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico.
| | - Gustavo A González-Aguilar
- Coordinación de Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Vegetal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. Carretera a la Victoria Km 0.6. C.P. 83304, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico.
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Zhou X, Zheng Z, Xu C, Wang J, Min M, Zhao Y, Wang X, Gong Y, Yin J, Guo M, Guo D, Zheng J, Zhang B, Yin X. Disturbance of Mammary UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase Represses Estrogen Metabolism and Exacerbates Experimental Breast Cancer. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:2152-2162. [PMID: 28479355 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.04.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The progression of breast cancer is closely related to the levels of estrogens within the body. UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) is an important class of phase II metabolizing enzymes, playing a pivotal role in detoxifying steroid hormone. In the present study, we aim at uncovering the potential dysregulation pattern of UGT and its role in estrogen metabolism and in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with 100 mg/kg dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) to induce breast cancer. Our results showed that the expression and activity of UGT in mammary tissues were downregulated significantly in DMBA rats. Consistent with this, levels of estradiol, 4-hydroxylated estradiol, and 2-hydroxylated estradiol were increased in both mammary tissues and serum, supporting a notable accumulation of toxic estrogen species in the target tissue of breast cancer. In addition, we also observed the decreased cell migration, cell proliferation, and DNA damage in UGT-transfected MCF-7 cells, suggesting a protective role of UGT against estrogen-induced mammary carcinogenesis. Taken together, these results indicated that accumulation of estrogens induced by UGT deficiency is a critical factor to induce the development of breast cancer. UGT contributes to estrogen elimination, and its glucuronidation capacity influences the estrogen signaling pathway and the pathogenesis of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziqiang Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengjun Min
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinhan Gong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiale Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Guo
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Junnian Zheng
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Bei Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxing Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China.
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Okada N, Murakami A, Urushizaki S, Matsuda M, Kawazoe K, Ishizawa K. Extracts of Immature Orange (Aurantii fructus immaturus) and Citrus Unshiu Peel (Citri unshiu pericarpium) Induce P-Glycoprotein and Cytochrome P450 3A4 Expression via Upregulation of Pregnane X Receptor. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:84. [PMID: 28270768 PMCID: PMC5318391 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) are expressed in the intestine and are associated with drug absorption and metabolism. Pregnane X receptor (PXR) is the key molecule that regulates the expression of P-gp and CYP3A4. Given that PXR activity is regulated by a variety of compounds, it is possible that unknown PXR activators exist among known medicines. Kampo is a Japanese traditional medicine composed of various natural compounds. In particular, immature orange [Aurantii fructus immaturus (IO)] and citrus unshiu peel [Citri unshiu pericarpium (CP)] are common ingredients of kampo. A previous study reported that kampo containing IO or CP decreased the blood concentration of concomitant drugs via upregulation of CYP3A4 although the mechanism was unclear. Some flavonoids are indicated to alter P-gp and CYP3A4 activity via changes in PXR activity. Because IO and CP include various flavonoids, we speculated that the activity of P-gp and CYP3A4 in the intestine may be altered via changes in PXR activity when IO or CP is administered. We tested this hypothesis by using LS180 intestinal epithelial cells. The ethanol extract of IO contained narirutin and naringin, and that of CP contained narirutin and hesperidin. Ethanol extracts of IO and CP induced P-gp, CYP3A4, and PXR expression. The increase of P-gp and CYP3A4 expression by the IO and CP ethanol extracts was inhibited by ketoconazole, an inhibitor of PXR activation. The ethanol extract of IO and CP decreased the intracellular concentration of digoxin, a P-gp substrate, and this decrease was inhibited by cyclosporine A, a P-gp inhibitor. In contrast, CP, but not IO, stimulated the metabolism of testosterone, a CYP3A4 substrate, and this was inhibited by a CYP3A4 inhibitor. These findings indicate that the ethanol extract of IO and CP increased P-gp and CYP3A4 expression via induction of PXR protein. Moreover, this induction decreased the intracellular substrate concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Okada
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Practice Pedagogy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate SchoolTokushima, Japan; Department of Pharmacy, Tokushima University HospitalTokushima, Japan
| | - Aki Murakami
- Department of Pharmacy, Tokushima University Hospital Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shiori Urushizaki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University Tokushima, Japan
| | - Misa Matsuda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Kawazoe
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Practice Pedagogy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School Tokushima, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ishizawa
- Department of Pharmacy, Tokushima University HospitalTokushima, Japan; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate SchoolTokushima, Japan
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Xue Z, Li D, Yu W, Zhang Q, Hou X, He Y, Kou X. Mechanisms and therapeutic prospects of polyphenols as modulators of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Food Funct 2017; 8:1414-1437. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01810f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Polyphenolic AhR modulators displayed concentration-, XRE-, gene-, species- and cell-specific agonistic/antagonistic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Xue
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Dan Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Wancong Yu
- Medical Plant Laboratory
- Tianjin Research Center of Agricultural Biotechnology
- Tianjin 3000381
- China
| | - Qian Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Xiaonan Hou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Yulong He
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Xiaohong Kou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
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Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Activation in Intestinal Obstruction Ameliorates Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction Via Suppression of MLCK-MLC Phosphorylation Pathway. Shock 2016; 46:319-28. [DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000000594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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11
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Baicalein induces CD4(+)Foxp3(+) T cells and enhances intestinal barrier function in a mouse model of food allergy. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32225. [PMID: 27561877 PMCID: PMC4999817 DOI: 10.1038/srep32225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of food allergy, which is triggered by allergen permeation of the gastrointestinal tract followed by a T-helper (Th) 2-mediated immune response, has been increasing annually worldwide. We examined the effects of baicalein (5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone), a flavonoid from Scutellaria baicalensis used in oriental herbal medicine, on regulatory T (Treg) cell induction and intestinal barrier function through the regulation of tight junctions in a mouse model of food allergy. An allergic response was induced by oral challenge with ovalbumin, and the incidence of allergic symptoms and T cell-related activity in the mesenteric lymph nodes were analyzed with and without the presence of baicalein. Our results demonstrated that the administration of baicalein ameliorated the symptoms of food allergy and attenuated serum IgE and effector T cells. However, Treg-related factors were up-regulated by baicalein. Furthermore, baicalein was shown to enhance intestinal barrier function through the regulation of tight junctions. We also found that baicalein treatment induced the differentiation of Treg cells via aryl hydrocarbon receptors (AhRs). Thus, the action of baicalein as an agonist of AhR can induce Treg differentiation and enhance barrier function, suggesting that baicalein might serve as an effective immune regulator derived from foods for the treatment of food allergy.
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Korobkova EA. Effect of Natural Polyphenols on CYP Metabolism: Implications for Diseases. Chem Res Toxicol 2015; 28:1359-90. [PMID: 26042469 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.5b00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cytochromes P450 (CYPs) are a large group of hemeproteins located on mitochondrial membranes or the endoplasmic reticulum. They play a crucial role in the metabolism of endogenous and exogenous molecules. The activity of CYP is associated with a number of factors including redox potential, protein conformation, the accessibility of the active site by substrates, and others. This activity may be potentially modulated by a variety of small molecules. Extensive experimental data collected over the past decade point at the active role of natural polyphenols in modulating the catalytic activity of CYP. Polyphenols are widespread micronutrients present in human diets of plant origin and in medicinal herbs. These compounds may alter the activity of CYP either via direct interactions with the enzymes or by affecting CYP gene expression. The polyphenol-CYP interactions may significantly alter the pharmacokinetics of drugs and thus influence the effectiveness of chemical therapies used in the treatment of different types of cancers, diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). CYPs are involved in the oxidation and activation of external carcinogenic agents, in which case the inhibition of the CYP activity is beneficial for health. CYPs also support detoxification processes. In this case, it is the upregulation of CYP genes that would be favorable for the organism. A CYP enzyme aromatase catalyzes the formation of estrone and estradiol from their precursors. CYPs also catalyze multiple reactions leading to the oxidation of estrogen. Estrogen signaling and oxidative metabolism of estrogen are associated with the development of cancer. Thus, polyphenol-mediated modulation of the CYP's activity also plays a vital role in estrogen carcinogenesis. The aim of the present review is to summarize the data collected over the last five to six years on the following topics: (1) the mechanisms of the interactions of CYP with food constituents that occur via the direct binding of polyphenols to the enzymes and (2) the mechanisms of the regulation of CYP gene expression mediated by polyphenols. The structure-activity relationship relevant to the ability of polyphenols to affect the activity of CYP is analyzed. The application of polyphenol-CYP interactions to diseases is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina A Korobkova
- John Jay College of Criminal Justice, The Department of Sciences, City University of New York, 524 W 59th Street, New York, New York 10019, United States
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Cherian MT, Chai SC, Chen T. Small-molecule modulators of the constitutive androstane receptor. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2015; 11:1099-114. [PMID: 25979168 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2015.1043887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) induces drug-metabolizing enzymes for xenobiotic metabolism. AREAS COVERED This review covers recent advances in elucidating the biological functions of CAR and its modulation by a growing number of agonists and inhibitors. EXPERT OPINION Extrapolation of animal CAR function to that of humans should be carefully scrutinized, particularly when rodents are used in evaluating the metabolic profile and carcinogenic properties of clinical drugs and environmental chemicals. Continuous efforts are needed to discover novel CAR inhibitors, with extensive understanding of their inhibitory mechanism, species selectivity, and discriminating power against other xenobiotic sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milu T Cherian
- Postdoctoral fellow, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics , 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105 , USA
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