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Asahara M, Saito K, Kishida T, Takahashi K, Bessho K. Unique pattern of dietary adaptation in the dentition of Carnivora: its advantage and developmental origin. Proc Biol Sci 2016. [PMCID: PMC4920314 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2016.0375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Carnivora is a successful taxon in terms of dietary diversity. We investigated the dietary adaptations of carnivoran dentition and the developmental background of their dental diversity, which may have contributed to the success of the lineage. A developmental model was tested and extended to explain the unique variability and exceptional phenotypes observed in carnivoran dentition. Carnivorous mammalian orders exhibited two distinct patterns of dietary adaptation in molars and only Carnivora evolved novel variability, exhibiting a high correlation between relative molar size and the shape of the first molar. Studies of Bmp7-hetero-deficient mice, which may exhibit lower Bmp7 expression, suggested that Bmp7 has pleiotropic effects on these two dental traits. Its effects are consistent with the pattern of dietary adaptation observed in Carnivora, but not that observed in other carnivorous mammals. A molecular evolutionary analysis revealed that Bmp7 sequence evolved by natural selection during ursid evolution, suggesting that it plays an evolutionary role in the variation of carnivoran dentition. Using mouse experiments and a molecular evolutionary analysis, we extrapolated the causal mechanism of the hitherto enigmatic ursid dentition (larger M2 than M1 and M3). Our results demonstrate how carnivorans acquired novel dental variability that benefits their dietary divergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Asahara
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Saito
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Univerisity, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Katsu Takahashi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Univerisity, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Bessho
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Univerisity, Kyoto, Japan
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Cao Y, Slaney CY, Bidwell BN, Parker BS, Johnstone CN, Rautela J, Eckhardt BL, Anderson RL. BMP4 inhibits breast cancer metastasis by blocking myeloid-derived suppressor cell activity. Cancer Res 2015; 74:5091-102. [PMID: 25224959 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-3171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The TGFβ growth factor family member BMP4 is a potent suppressor of breast cancer metastasis. In the mouse, the development of highly metastatic mammary tumors is associated with an accumulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), the numbers of which are reduced by exogenous BMP4 expression. MDSCs are undetectable in naïve mice but can be induced by treatment with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF/Csf3) or by secretion of G-CSF from the tumor. Both tumor-induced and G-CSF-induced MDSCs effectively suppress T-cell activation and proliferation, leading to metastatic enhancement. BMP4 reduces the expression and secretion of G-CSF by inhibiting NF-κB (Nfkb1) activity in human and mouse tumor lines. Because MDSCs correlate with poor prognosis in patients with breast cancer, therapies based on activation of BMP4 signaling may offer a novel treatment strategy for breast cancer. Cancer Res; 74(18); 5091-102. ©2014 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Cao
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Clare Y Slaney
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bradley N Bidwell
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Belinda S Parker
- Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Cameron N Johnstone
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. Department of Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jai Rautela
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Department of Biochemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bedrich L Eckhardt
- Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research and Clinic, Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Robin L Anderson
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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Directed Bmp4 expression in neural crest cells generates a genetic model for the rare human bony syngnathia birth defect. Dev Biol 2014; 391:170-81. [PMID: 24785830 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2014.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Congenital bony syngnathia, a rare but severe human birth defect, is characterized by bony fusion of the mandible to the maxilla. However, the genetic mechanisms underlying this birth defect are poorly understood, largely due to limitation of available animal models. Here we present evidence that transgenic expression of Bmp4 in neural crest cells causes a series of craniofacial malformations in mice, including a bony fusion between the maxilla and hypoplastic mandible, resembling the bony syngnathia syndrome in humans. In addition, the anterior portion of the palatal shelves emerged from the mandibular arch instead of the maxilla in the mutants. Gene expression assays showed an altered expression of several facial patterning genes, including Hand2, Dlx2, Msx1, Barx1, Foxc2 and Fgf8, in the maxillary and mandibular processes of the mutants, indicating mis-patterned cranial neural crest (CNC) derived cells in the facial region. However, despite of formation of cleft palate and ectopic cartilage, forced expression of a constitutively active form of BMP receptor-Ia (caBmprIa) in CNC lineage did not produce the syngnathia phenotype, suggesting a non-cell autonomous effect of the augmented BMP4 signaling. Our studies demonstrate that aberrant BMP4-mediated signaling in CNC cells leads to mis-patterned facial skeleton and congenital bony syngnathia, and suggest an implication of mutations in BMP signaling pathway in human bony syngnathia.
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Shen T, Sun C, Zhang Z, Xu N, Duan X, Feng XH, Lin X. Specific control of BMP signaling and mesenchymal differentiation by cytoplasmic phosphatase PPM1H. Cell Res 2014; 24:727-41. [PMID: 24732009 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2014.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) belong to the TGF-β superfamily of structurally related signaling proteins that regulate a wide array of cellular functions. The key step in BMP signal transduction is the BMP receptor-mediated phosphorylation of transcription factors Smad1, 5, and 8 (collectively Smad1/5/8), which leads to the subsequent activation of BMP-induced gene transcription in the nucleus. In this study, we describe the identification and characterization of PPM1H as a novel cytoplasm-localized Smad1/5/8-specific phosphatase. PPM1H directly interacts with Smad1/5/8 through its Smad-binding domain, and dephosphorylates phospho-Smad1/5/8 (P-Smad1/5/8) in the cytoplasm. Ectopic expression of PPM1H attenuates BMP signaling, whereas loss of PPM1H activity or expression greatly enhances BMP-dependent gene regulation and mesenchymal differentiation. In conclusion, this study suggests that PPM1H acts as a gatekeeper to prevent excessive BMP signaling through dephosphorylation and subsequent nuclear exclusion of P-Smad1/5/8 proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Shen
- 1] Michael E DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA [2] Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA [3] Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chuang Sun
- 1] Michael E DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA [2] Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhengmao Zhang
- Michael E DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ningyi Xu
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xueyan Duan
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xin-Hua Feng
- 1] Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China [2] Michael E DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA [3] Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA [4] Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xia Lin
- Michael E DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Yamada S, Nakamura J, Asada M, Takase M, Matsusaka T, Iguchi T, Yamada R, Tanaka M, Higashi AY, Okuda T, Asada N, Fukatsu A, Kawachi H, Graf D, Muso E, Kita T, Kimura T, Pastan I, Economides AN, Yanagita M. Twisted gastrulation, a BMP antagonist, exacerbates podocyte injury. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89135. [PMID: 24586548 PMCID: PMC3934867 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocyte injury is the first step in the progression of glomerulosclerosis. Previous studies have demonstrated the beneficial effect of bone morphogenetic protein 7 (Bmp7) in podocyte injury and the existence of native Bmp signaling in podocytes. Local activity of Bmp7 is controlled by cell-type specific Bmp antagonists, which inhibit the binding of Bmp7 to its receptors. Here we show that the product of Twisted gastrulation (Twsg1), a Bmp antagonist, is the central negative regulator of Bmp function in podocytes and that Twsg1 null mice are resistant to podocyte injury. Twsg1 was the most abundant Bmp antagonist in murine cultured podocytes. The administration of Bmp induced podocyte differentiation through Smad signaling, whereas the simultaneous administration of Twsg1 antagonized the effect. The administration of Bmp also inhibited podocyte proliferation, whereas simultaneous administration of Twsg1 antagonized the effect. Twsg1 was expressed in the glomerular parietal cells (PECs) and distal nephron of the healthy kidney, and additionally in damaged glomerular cells in a murine model of podocyte injury. Twsg1 null mice exhibited milder hypoalbuminemia and hyperlipidemia, and milder histological changes while maintaining the expression of podocyte markers during podocyte injury model. Taken together, our results show that Twsg1 plays a critical role in the modulation of protective action of Bmp7 on podocytes, and that inhibition of Twsg1 is a promising means of development of novel treatment for podocyte injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Yamada
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jin Nakamura
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Misako Asada
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masayuki Takase
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Taiji Matsusaka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Taku Iguchi
- TMK Project, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryo Yamada
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mari Tanaka
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsuko Y. Higashi
- Deaprtment of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Okuda
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nariaki Asada
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Kawachi
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Nephrology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Daniel Graf
- Institute of Oral Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eri Muso
- Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, Kitano Hospital, Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Osaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toru Kita
- Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kimura
- Deaprtment of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ira Pastan
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Aris N. Economides
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, New York, United States of America
| | - Motoko Yanagita
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Osseointegration of hollow porous titanium prostheses loaded with cancellous bone matrix in rabbits. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-012-5189-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Salisbury E, Rodenberg E, Sonnet C, Hipp J, Gannon FH, Vadakkan TJ, Dickinson ME, Olmsted-Davis EA, Davis AR. Sensory nerve induced inflammation contributes to heterotopic ossification. J Cell Biochem 2012; 112:2748-58. [PMID: 21678472 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.23225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Heterotopic ossification (HO), or bone formation in soft tissues, is often the result of traumatic injury. Much evidence has linked the release of BMPs (bone morphogenetic proteins) upon injury to this process. HO was once thought to be a rare occurrence, but recent statistics from the military suggest that as many as 60% of traumatic injuries, resulting from bomb blasts, have associated HO. In this study, we attempt to define the role of peripheral nerves in this process. Since BMP2 has been shown previously to induce release of the neuroinflammatory molecules, substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP), from peripheral, sensory neurons, we examined this process in vivo. SP and CGRP are rapidly expressed upon delivery of BMP2 and remain elevated throughout bone formation. In animals lacking functional sensory neurons (TRPV1(-/-) ), BMP2-mediated increases in SP and CGRP were suppressed as compared to the normal animals, and HO was dramatically inhibited in these deficient mice, suggesting that neuroinflammation plays a functional role. Mast cells, known to be recruited by SP and CGRP, were elevated after BMP2 induction. These mast cells were localized to the nerve structures and underwent degranulation. When degranulation was inhibited using cromolyn, HO was again reduced significantly. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed nerves expressing the stem cell markers nanog and Klf4, as well as the osteoblast marker osterix, after BMP2 induction, in mice treated with cromolyn. The data collectively suggest that BMP2 can act directly on sensory neurons to induce neurogenic inflammation, resulting in nerve remodeling and the migration/release of osteogenic and other stem cells from the nerve. Further, blocking this process significantly reduces HO, suggesting that the stem cell population contributes to bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Salisbury
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Sadanandam A, Futakuchi M, Lyssiotis CA, Gibb WJ, Singh RK. A cross-species analysis of a mouse model of breast cancer-specific osteolysis and human bone metastases using gene expression profiling. BMC Cancer 2011; 11:304. [PMID: 21774828 PMCID: PMC3171728 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-11-304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2010] [Accepted: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in women in the United States. During the advanced stages of disease, many breast cancer patients suffer from bone metastasis. These metastases are predominantly osteolytic and develop when tumor cells interact with bone. In vivo models that mimic the breast cancer-specific osteolytic bone microenvironment are limited. Previously, we developed a mouse model of tumor-bone interaction in which three mouse breast cancer cell lines were implanted onto the calvaria. Analysis of tumors from this model revealed that they exhibited strong bone resorption, induction of osteoclasts and intracranial penetration at the tumor bone (TB)-interface. Methods In this study, we identified and used a TB microenvironment-specific gene expression signature from this model to extend our understanding of the metastatic bone microenvironment in human disease and to predict potential therapeutic targets. Results We identified a TB signature consisting of 934 genes that were commonly (among our 3 cell lines) and specifically (as compared to tumor-alone area within the bone microenvironment) up- and down-regulated >2-fold at the TB interface in our mouse osteolytic model. By comparing the TB signature with gene expression profiles from human breast metastases and an in vitro osteoclast model, we demonstrate that our model mimics both the human breast cancer bone microenvironment and osteoclastogenesis. Furthermore, we observed enrichment in various signaling pathways specific to the TB interface; that is, TGF-β and myeloid self-renewal pathways were activated and the Wnt pathway was inactivated. Lastly, we used the TB-signature to predict cyclopenthiazide as a potential inhibitor of the TB interface. Conclusion Our mouse breast cancer model morphologically and genetically resembles the osteoclastic bone microenvironment observed in human disease. Characterization of the gene expression signature specific to the TB interface in our model revealed signaling mechanisms operative in human breast cancer metastases and predicted a therapeutic inhibitor of cancer-mediated osteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anguraj Sadanandam
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5900, USA.
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Bone morphogenetic protein-7 is a MYC target with prosurvival functions in childhood medulloblastoma. Oncogene 2011; 30:2823-35. [PMID: 21317922 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2011.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant brain tumor in children. It is known that overexpression and/or amplification of the MYC oncogene is associated with poor clinical outcome, but the molecular mechanisms and the MYC downstream effectors in MB remain still elusive. Besides contributing to elucidate how progression of MB takes place, most importantly, the identification of novel MYC-target genes will suggest novel candidates for targeted therapy in MB. A group of 209 MYC-responsive genes was obtained from a complementary DNA microarray analysis of a MB-derived cell line, following MYC overexpression and silencing. Among the MYC-responsive genes, we identified the members of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathway, which have a crucial role during the development of the cerebellum. In particular, the gene BMP7 was identified as a direct target of MYC. A positive correlation between MYC and BMP7 expression was documented by analyzing two distinct sets of primary MB samples. Functional studies in vitro using a small-molecule inhibitor of the BMP/SMAD signaling pathway reproduced the effect of the small interfering RNA-mediated silencing of BMP7. Both approaches led to a block of proliferation in a panel of MB cells and to inhibition of SMAD phosphorylation. Altogether, our findings indicate that high MYC levels drive BMP7 overexpression, promoting cell survival in MB cells. This observation suggests the potential relevance of targeting the BMP/SMAD pathway as a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of childhood MB.
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Bone morphogenetic proteins: a critical review. Cell Signal 2010; 23:609-20. [PMID: 20959140 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2010.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 489] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2010] [Revised: 09/14/2010] [Accepted: 10/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) are potent growth factors belonging to the Transforming Growth Factor Beta superfamily. To date over 20 members have been identified in humans with varying functions during processes such as embryogenesis, skeletal formation, hematopoiesis and neurogenesis. Though their functions have been identified, less is known regarding levels of regulation at the extracellular matrix, membrane surface, and receptor activation. Further, current models of activation lack the integration of these regulatory mechanisms. This review focuses on the different levels of regulation, ranging from the release of BMPs into the extracellular components to receptor activation for different BMPs. It also highlights areas in research that is lacking or contradictory.
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Abstract
The BMP signaling pathway controls a number of cell processes during development and in adult tissues. At the cellular level, ligands of the BMP family act by binding a hetero-tetrameric signaling complex, composed of two type I and two type II receptors. BMP ligands make use of a limited number of receptors, which in turn activate a common signal transduction cascade at the intracellular level. A complex regulatory network is required in order to activate the signaling cascade at proper times and locations, and to generate specific downstream effects in the appropriate cellular context. One such regulatory mechanism is the repulsive guidance molecule (RGM) family of BMP co-receptors. This article reviews the current knowledge regarding the structure, regulation, and function of RGMs, focusing on known and potential roles of RGMs in physiology and pathophysiology.
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Alaoui-Ismaili MH, Falb D. Design of second generation therapeutic recombinant bone morphogenetic proteins. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2009; 20:501-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2009.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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