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Rummun N, Payne B, Blom van Staden A, Twilley D, Houghton B, Horrocks P, Li WW, Lall N, Bahorun T, Neergheen VS. Pluripharmacological potential of Mascarene endemic plant leaf extracts. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Plant-Derived Products for Treatment of Vascular Intima Hyperplasia Selectively Inhibit Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Functions. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:3549312. [PMID: 30405738 PMCID: PMC6201497 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3549312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Natural products are used widely for preventing intimal hyperplasia (IH), a common cardiovascular disease. Four different cells initiate and progress IH, namely, vascular smooth muscle, adventitial and endothelial cells, and circulation or bone marrow-derived cells. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) play a critical role in initiation and development of intimal thickening and formation of neointimal hyperplasia. In this review, we describe the different originating cells involved in vascular IH and emphasize the effect of different natural products on inhibiting abnormal cellular functions, such as VSMC proliferation and migration. We further present a classification for the different natural products like phenols, flavonoids, terpenes, and alkaloids that suppress VSMC growth. Abnormal VSMC physiology involves disturbance in MAPKs, PI3K/AKT, JAK-STAT, FAK, and NF-κB signal pathways. Most of the natural isolate studies have revealed G1/S phase of cell cycle arrest, decreased ROS production, induced cell apoptosis, restrained migration, and downregulated collagen deposition. It is necessary to screen optimal drugs from natural sources that preferentially inhibit VSMC rather than vascular endothelial cell growth to prevent early IH, restenosis following graft implantation, and atherosclerotic diseases.
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Ramlagan P, Rondeau P, Planesse C, Neergheen-Bhujun VS, Bourdon E, Bahorun T. Comparative suppressing effects of black and green teas on the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and AGE-induced oxidative stress. Food Funct 2018; 8:4194-4209. [PMID: 29043349 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01038a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed at investigating and comparing the anti-diabetic potential of black and green teas. Biochemical analyses indicate higher antioxidant potency, significantly correlated with the phytochemicals present, in green teas compared to black teas. Both extracts afforded a similar level of protection to erythrocytes against peroxyl radical-induced lysis. Non-cytotoxic concentration of green and black tea extracts significantly reduced the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production (P < 0.01), lowered the oxidation of proteins (P < 0.05) and decreased the IL-6 secretion (P < 0.01) induced by AGEs or H2O2 in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Both teas also inhibited the decline in the enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase induced by the pro-oxidants. The teas further suppressed the glycation of BSA mediated by glucose, ribose and MGO by reducing fluorescent AGE, fructosamine, protein carbonyl and AOPP levels. Black and green teas also inhibited the activities of α-amylase (AA50: 589.86 ± 39.51 and 947.80 ± 18.20 μg mL-1, respectively) and α-glucosidase (AA50: 72.31 ± 4.23 and 100.23 ± 8.10 μg mL-1, respectively). The teas afforded a comparable level of protection at the cellular level and against glycation while black tea exerted the highest carbohydrate hydrolysing enzymes inhibitory activity. Our results clearly show that black and green teas represent an important source of antioxidants with anti-diabetic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ramlagan
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius
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Purwanto DA, Darmawati A, Purwaningsih P. THE IMPACT OF GREEN TEA ON BLOOD FLUIDITY IMPROVEMENT AND WEIGHT LOSS. JURNAL NERS 2017. [DOI: 10.20473/jn.v9i1.2951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Various studies have shown the benefi cial effects of green tea, not only on cardiovascular diseases butalso on type 2 diabetes. Method: In this study, the preparation of green tea water extract has been standardized to (-)-epigalocatechin gallate (EGCG), the major component of green tea. The role of green tea water extract on blood fl uidityand diabetes diseases has been studied in 13 Fructose-Fed Rat (FFR). The rats were given high fructose diet ad libitumfor one week and then combination with green tea water extract every day for 6 days. Results: The results show, greentea water extract can reduces 100 μL blood passage times of wistar rat signifi cantly (p<0.01) by Micro-Channel ArrayFlow Analyzer (MC-FAN) instrument. Green tea water extract also had strong effect in reducing abdominal fat (p<0.05),blood glucose level (p<0.01) and body weight (p<0.01). Discussion: These results suggest that green tea water extractmay has benefi cial effects for the treatment of diabetes and reduce blood viscosity.Keywords: green tea, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate, HPLC, blood fl uidity, fructose-fed rat
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Chen C, Li A. Transcriptome Analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes Involved in Proanthocyanidin Accumulation in the Rhizomes of Fagopyrum dibotrys and an Irradiation-Induced Mutant. Front Physiol 2016; 7:100. [PMID: 27047386 PMCID: PMC4796566 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The rhizome of Fagopyrum dibotrys is a traditional Chinese medicine that has recently gained attention due to substantial findings regarding its bioactive proanthocyanidin (PA) compounds. However, the molecular mechanism underlying PA accumulation in F. dibotrys remains elusive. We previously obtained an irradiation-induced mutant (RM_R) of F. dibotrys that had a higher PA content compared to that of the wild-type (CK_R). The present study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying PA accumulation in F. dibotrys by comparing the rhizome transcriptomes of the irradiation-induced mutant and wild-type using RNA-seq analysis. A total of 53,540 unigenes were obtained, of which 29,901 (55.84%) were annotated based on BLAST searches against public databases, and 501 unique sequences were differentially expressed between the two samples, which consisted of 204 up-regulated and 297 down-regulated unigenes. Further analysis showed that the expression patterns of some unigenes encoding enzymes involved in PAs biosynthesis in F. dibotrys rhizomes differed between RM_R and CK_R. In addition, we identified transcription factor families and several cytochrome P450s that may be involved in PA regulation in F. dibotrys. Finally, 12 unigenes that encode PA biosynthetic enzymes were confirmed by qRT-PCR analysis. This study sheds light on the molecular mechanism underlying radiation-mediated flavonoid accumulation and regulation in F. dibotrys rhizomes. These results will also provide a platform for further functional genomic research on this particular species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ailian Li
- The Cultivation Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing, China
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Transcripts of anthocyanidin reductase and leucoanthocyanidin reductase and measurement of catechin and epicatechin in tartary buckwheat. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:726567. [PMID: 24605062 PMCID: PMC3926278 DOI: 10.1155/2014/726567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) and leucoanthocyanidin reductase (LAR) play an important role in the monomeric units biosynthesis of proanthocyanidins (PAs) such as catechin and epicatechin in several plants. The aim of this study was to clone ANR and LAR genes involved in PAs biosynthesis and examine the expression of these two genes in different organs under different growth conditions in two tartary buckwheat cultivars, Hokkai T8 and T10. Gene expression was carried out by quantitative real-time RT-PCR, and catechin and epicatechin content was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. The expression pattern of ANR and LAR did not match the accumulation pattern of PAs in different organs of two cultivars. Epicatechin content was the highest in the flowers of both cultivars and it was affected by light in only Hokkai T8 sprouts. ANR and LAR levels in tartary buckwheat might be regulated by different mechanisms for catechin and epicatechin biosynthesis under light and dark conditions.
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Effectiveness of green tea in a randomized human cohort: relevance to diabetes and its complications. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:412379. [PMID: 24102055 PMCID: PMC3786468 DOI: 10.1155/2013/412379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have argued that green tea could mitigate diabetes and its complications. This study investigated the phytophenolic profile of Mauritian green tea and its antioxidant propensity. The effect of green tea on the risk factors: waist-hip ratio, glucose level, arterial pressure, antioxidant status, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in prediabetics was assessed. The experimental group consumed 3 cups of green tea daily for 14 weeks followed by a 2-week washout period. The control group followed a water regimen. Green tea contained high level of phenolics related to its antioxidant power. Green tea suppressed waist-hip ratio of women from a significant increase and suppressed mean arterial pressure of men and women from a significant decrease after week 14. It reduced ALT level in women by 13.0% (P < 0.1) while increasing the antioxidant potential of men and women sera by 2.7% (P < 0.1) and 5.1% (P < 0.1). The study timescale may have been too short to enable demonstration of effects on fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c outcomes. Green tea regimen could form part of a healthy lifestyle that might ameliorate features of metabolic syndrome and subsequent risks for diabetes and its complications. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01248143.
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Ramsaha S, Aumjaud BE, Neergheen-Bhujun VS, Bahorun T. Polyphenolic rich traditional plants and teas improve lipid stability in food test systems. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2013; 52:773-82. [PMID: 25694685 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-013-1060-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The deleterious effects of lipid autoxidation are of major concern to the food industry and can be prevented by food antioxidants. In this vein, the phenolic contents and antioxidant potential of traditional plants of Mauritius such as P. betle L. (Piperaceae), M. koenigii L. Sprengel. (Rutaceae), O. gratissimum L. (Lamiaceae), O. tenuiflorum L. (Lamiaceae), and commercially available Mauritian green and black teas were evaluated. Their ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were compared to that of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) with the following order of potency: BHT > "Natural" commercial green tea > "Black Label" commercial black tea > O. gratissimum > P. betle > O. tenuiflorum > M. koenigii. The trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assay reflected a similar antioxidative order for BHT and "Natural" commercial green tea, with however P. betle, O. tenuiflorum and O. gratissimum exhibiting higher activities than "Black Label" commercial black tea and M. koenigii. Based on their potent antioxidant capacity, P. betle (0.2 % m/m) and O. tenuiflorum (0.2 % m/m) extracts, and green tea (0.1 % m/m) infusate were compared with BHT (0.02 % m/m) on their ability to retard lipid oxidation in unstripped sunflower oil and mayonnaise during storage at 40 °C. P. betle and green tea were more effective than BHT in both food systems. Moreover, odour evaluation by a sensory panel showed that the plant extracts and green tea infusate effectively delayed the development of rancid odours in unstripped sunflower oil and mayonnaise (p < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Srishti Ramsaha
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science and ANDI Centre of Excellence for Biomedical and Biomaterials Research, CBBR, Building, MSIRI, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Republic of Mauritius
| | - B Esha Aumjaud
- Department of Agricultural and Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Republic of Mauritius
| | - Vidushi S Neergheen-Bhujun
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science and ANDI Centre of Excellence for Biomedical and Biomaterials Research, CBBR, Building, MSIRI, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Republic of Mauritius
| | - Theeshan Bahorun
- National Research Chair, ANDI Centre of Excellence for Biomedical and Biomaterials Research, CBBR, Building, MSIRI, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Republic of Mauritius
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Pang Y, Abeysinghe ISB, He J, He X, Huhman D, Mewan KM, Sumner LW, Yun J, Dixon RA. Functional characterization of proanthocyanidin pathway enzymes from tea and their application for metabolic engineering. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 161:1103-16. [PMID: 23288883 PMCID: PMC3585583 DOI: 10.1104/pp.112.212050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/29/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Tea (Camellia sinensis) is rich in specialized metabolites, especially polyphenolic proanthocyanidins (PAs) and their precursors. To better understand the PA pathway in tea, we generated a complementary DNA library from leaf tissue of the blister blight-resistant tea cultivar TRI2043 and functionally characterized key enzymes responsible for the biosynthesis of PA precursors. Structural genes encoding enzymes involved in the general phenylpropanoid/flavonoid pathway and the PA-specific branch pathway were well represented in the library. Recombinant tea leucoanthocyanidin reductase (CsLAR) expressed in Escherichia coli was active with leucocyanidin as substrate to produce the 2R,3S-trans-flavan-ol (+)-catechin in vitro. Two genes encoding anthocyanidin reductase, CsANR1 and CsANR2, were also expressed in E. coli, and the recombinant proteins exhibited similar kinetic properties. Both converted cyanidin to a mixture of (+)-epicatechin and (-)-catechin, although in different proportions, indicating that both enzymes possess epimerase activity. These epimers were unexpected based on the belief that tea PAs are made from (-)-epicatechin and (+)-catechin. Ectopic expression of CsANR2 or CsLAR led to the accumulation of low levels of PA precursors and their conjugates in Medicago truncatula hairy roots and anthocyanin-overproducing tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), but levels of oligomeric PAs were very low. Surprisingly, the expression of CsLAR in tobacco overproducing anthocyanin led to the accumulation of higher levels of epicatechin and its glucoside than of catechin, again highlighting the potential importance of epimerization in flavan-3-ol biosynthesis. These data provide a resource for understanding tea PA biosynthesis and tools for the bioengineering of flavanols.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - I. Sarath B. Abeysinghe
- Plant Biology Division, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (Y.P., J.H., X.H., D.H., L.W.S., J.Y., R.A.D.); and
- Biochemistry Division, Tea Research Institute of Sri Lanka, Talawakelle 22100, Sri Lanka (I.S.B.A., K.M.M.)
| | - Ji He
- Plant Biology Division, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (Y.P., J.H., X.H., D.H., L.W.S., J.Y., R.A.D.); and
- Biochemistry Division, Tea Research Institute of Sri Lanka, Talawakelle 22100, Sri Lanka (I.S.B.A., K.M.M.)
| | - Xianzhi He
- Plant Biology Division, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (Y.P., J.H., X.H., D.H., L.W.S., J.Y., R.A.D.); and
- Biochemistry Division, Tea Research Institute of Sri Lanka, Talawakelle 22100, Sri Lanka (I.S.B.A., K.M.M.)
| | - David Huhman
- Plant Biology Division, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (Y.P., J.H., X.H., D.H., L.W.S., J.Y., R.A.D.); and
- Biochemistry Division, Tea Research Institute of Sri Lanka, Talawakelle 22100, Sri Lanka (I.S.B.A., K.M.M.)
| | - K. Mudith Mewan
- Plant Biology Division, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (Y.P., J.H., X.H., D.H., L.W.S., J.Y., R.A.D.); and
- Biochemistry Division, Tea Research Institute of Sri Lanka, Talawakelle 22100, Sri Lanka (I.S.B.A., K.M.M.)
| | - Lloyd W. Sumner
- Plant Biology Division, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (Y.P., J.H., X.H., D.H., L.W.S., J.Y., R.A.D.); and
- Biochemistry Division, Tea Research Institute of Sri Lanka, Talawakelle 22100, Sri Lanka (I.S.B.A., K.M.M.)
| | - Jianfei Yun
- Plant Biology Division, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (Y.P., J.H., X.H., D.H., L.W.S., J.Y., R.A.D.); and
- Biochemistry Division, Tea Research Institute of Sri Lanka, Talawakelle 22100, Sri Lanka (I.S.B.A., K.M.M.)
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Bahorun T, Luximon-Ramma A, Neergheen-Bhujun VS, Gunness TK, Googoolye K, Auger C, Crozier A, Aruoma OI. The effect of black tea on risk factors of cardiovascular disease in a normal population. Prev Med 2012; 54 Suppl:S98-102. [PMID: 22198621 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2011.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Revised: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 12/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A prospective randomized controlled clinical trial determined the effect of Mauritian black tea consumption on fasting blood plasma levels of glucose, lipid profiles and antioxidant status in a normal population. METHODS The study group (71%) consumed 3 x 200 ml of black tea infusate/day for 12 weeks without additives followed by a 3 week wash-out. The control group (29%) consumed equivalent volume of hot water for same intervention period. RESULTS The tea used had high levels of gallic acid derivatives (50 ± 0.4 mg/L), flavan-3-ols (42 ± 2 mg/L), flavonols (32 ± 1 mg/L) and theaflavins (90 ± 1 mg/L). Daily 9 g supplementation of black tea infusate induced, in a normal population, a highly significant decrease of fasting serum glucose (18.4%; p<0.001) and triglyceride levels (35.8%; p<0.01), a significant decrease in LDL/HDL plasma cholesterol ratio (16.6%; p<0.05) and a non significant increase in HDL plasma cholesterol levels (20.3%), while a highly significant rise in plasma antioxidant propensity (FRAP: 418%; p<0.001) was noted . CONCLUSION Black tea consumed within a normal diet contributes to a decrease of independent cardiovascular risk factors and improves the overall antioxidant status in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theeshan Bahorun
- ANDI Centre of Excellence for Biomedical and Biomaterials Research, CBBR Building, MSIRI, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Republic of Mauritius.
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Polyphenolic content and antioxidant activity of Eugenia pollicina leaf extract in vitro and in model emulsion systems. Food Res Int 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2010.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Tung YT, Cheng KC, Ho ST, Chen YL, Wu TL, Hung KC, Wu JH. Comparison and characterization of the antioxidant potential of 3 wild grapes--Vitis thunbergii, V. flexuosa, and V. kelungeusis. J Food Sci 2011; 76:C701-6. [PMID: 22417415 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2011.02178.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This study considers a laboratory examination of the antioxidant performance of methanolic extracts from the leaves and stems of 3 common wild grapes (Vitis thunbergii, V. flexuosa, and V. kelungeusis) by various in vitro methods. It also seeks to identify the specific antioxidant constituent. Results revealed that, of these specimens, stem extracts of V. thunbergii exhibited good 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging and superoxide radical-scavenging performance and ferrous ion-chelating ability, as well as the highest total phenolic content (179.5 mg of GAE/g). The principal antioxidant, (+)-lyoniresinol-2a-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, was isolated from the stem extracts of V. thunbergii and identified. Removal of this compound from the extracts caused an approximate 2- to 5-fold decrease in antioxidant performance. This showed that (+)-lyoniresinol-2a-O-β-D-glucopyranoside is the primary antioxidant in wild grapes. Results also indicated that the antioxidant performance of (+)-lyoniresinol-2a-O-β-D-glucopyranoside was stronger than its lignan aglycone, (+)-lyoniresinol. PRACTICAL APPLICATION Of the 3 common wild grapes-Vitis thunbergii, V. flexuosa, and V. kelungeusis, the extracts or phytochemicals, derived from the V. thunbergii stems have excellent antioxidant properties, so they have great potential as a basis for natural health products that seek to prevent diseases caused by the overproduction of radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Tang Tung
- Dept. of Forestry, Natl. Chung Hsing Univ., Taichung 402, Taiwan
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Albrecht C, Pellarin MG, Baronetti J, Rojas MJ, Albesa I, Eraso AJ. Chemiluminescence determination of antioxidant property of Zizyphus mistol and Prosopis alba during oxidative stress generated in blood by Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome-producing Escherichia coli. LUMINESCENCE 2010; 26:424-8. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.1247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2009] [Revised: 05/13/2010] [Accepted: 07/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Anti-atherogenic property of ferulic acid in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice fed Western diet: Comparison with clofibrate. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 48:2298-303. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.05.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2010] [Revised: 05/18/2010] [Accepted: 05/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Use of conventional and -omics based methods for health claims of dietary antioxidants: a critical overview. Br J Nutr 2009; 99 E Suppl 1:ES3-52. [PMID: 18503734 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114508965752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This article describes the principles and limitations of methods used to investigate reactive oxygen species (ROS) protective properties of dietary constituents and is aimed at providing a better understanding of the requirements for science based health claims of antioxidant (AO) effects of foods. A number of currently used biochemical measurements aimed of determining the total antioxidant capacity and oxidised lipids and proteins are carried out under unphysiological conditions and are prone to artefact formation. Probably the most reliable approaches are measurements of isoprostanes as a parameter of lipid peroxidation and determination of oxidative DNA damage. Also the design of the experimental models has a strong impact on the reliability of AO studies: the common strategy is the identification of AO by in vitro screening with cell lines. This approach is based on the assumption that protection towards ROS is due to scavenging, but recent findings indicate that activation of transcription factors which regulate genes involved in antioxidant defence plays a key role in the mode of action of AO. These processes are not adequately represented in cell lines. Another shortcoming of in vitro experiments is that AO are metabolised in vivo and that most cell lines are lacking enzymes which catalyse these reactions. Compounds with large molecular configurations (chlorophylls, anthocyans and polyphenolics) are potent AO in vitro, but weak or no effects were observed in animal/human studies with realistic doses as they are poorly absorbed. The development of -omics approaches will improve the scientific basis for health claims. The evaluation of results from microarray and proteomics studies shows that it is not possible to establish a general signature of alterations of transcription and protein patterns by AO. However, it was shown that alterations of gene expression and protein levels caused by experimentally induced oxidative stress and ROS related diseases can be normalised by dietary AO.
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