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Tongnao Decoction (TND) Alleviated Atherosclerosis by Playing Lowering Lipid, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antioxidant Roles. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:6061197. [PMID: 35663197 PMCID: PMC9159833 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6061197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Tongnao decoction (TND) has been extensively prescribed for the treatment of stroke. However, little is known about the role of TND in the progression of carotid atherosclerosis. Methods A mouse carotid atherosclerosis model was established with a silastic collar placed around the right common carotid artery and fed on Western diet for 12 weeks. The treatment group was given a gavage of TND at a dose of 1 mg/kg/d. The atherosclerotic lesion size and the compositions were observed using Oil red O staining and immunofluorescent staining. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to evaluate the levels of lipid profiles, oxidative stress, and inflammatory factors. Human aortic endothelial cells (HAoECs) were treated with oxLDL with or without TND for in vitro experiments. Results TND treatment significantly suppressed the progression of atherosclerosis, as characterized with a smaller lesion size, less percentage of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, endothelial cell apoptosis, and macrophage infiltration. In addition, TND decreased the levels of lipid profiles, oxidative stress, and inflammatory factors in atherosclerosis. In vitro results showed that TND inhibited the apoptosis of endothelial cells via activating ERK and AKT pathway. Conclusions Our study demonstrated that TND significantly protected from atherosclerosis via promoting endothelial cell survival and alleviating oxidative stress and inflammatory response, which may have become a treatment in atherosclerotic diseases.
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Liu C, Zhao Y, Xu X, Zhang L, Cui F, Chen Q, Li H, Sang R, Li G, He Y. Puerarin Reduces Radiation-Induced Vascular Endothelial Cell Damage Via miR-34a/Placental Growth Factor. Dose Response 2022; 20:15593258211068649. [PMID: 35110976 PMCID: PMC8796097 DOI: 10.1177/15593258211068649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim is to explore the protective effects of Puerarin on radiation-induced vascular endothelial cell damage and its underlying mechanism. The apoptosis and DNA damage of Human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) exposed to radiation alone or in combination with glucose in the exposed group were significantly elevated (P < .05) compared with those in the control group. The Puerarin-treated HUVECs showed significant reduction in the radiation-induced apoptosis and DNA damage (P < .05). Furthermore, X-ray irradiation significantly increased the expression of miR-34a, which was reversed by pre-treatment with Puerarin. Placental Growth Factor (PLGF) was a target gene of miR-34a. The expression of PLGF in the peripheral blood of patients receiving radiotherapy significantly increased with an increase in the cumulative dose of radiation (P < .05), after which it began to decrease at the fourth week (P < .05) and then remained at a low level until the end of radiotherapy. Puerarin exerts a radioprotective effect by decreasing DNA damage and apoptosis through miR-34a-targeted PLGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaoting Xu
- Department of Radiotherapy & Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fengmei Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qiu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hongxia Li
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ru Sang
- Department of Radiotherapy & Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Gen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yongming He
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Omidifar N, Nili-Ahmadabadi A, Nakhostin-Ansari A, Lankarani KB, Moghadami M, Mousavi SM, Hashemi SA, Gholami A, Shokripour M, Ebrahimi Z. The modulatory potential of herbal antioxidants against oxidative stress and heavy metal pollution: plants against environmental oxidative stress. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:61908-61918. [PMID: 34550520 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16530-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Free radicals, principally reactive oxygen species (ROS), contribute to oxidative stress in human beings. Free radicals have different mechanisms of action and affect lipids, proteins, and DNA. Heavy metals including cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and arsenic are environmental pollutants that may induce oxidative stress and produce ROS, leading to harmful effects on different body systems such as the liver and brain. On the other side, antioxidants can have protective effects against oxidative stress and decrease their toxicity. Herbal antioxidants have potential antioxidative effects. These antioxidants positively affect neurodegenerative diseases, atherosclerotic diseases, lung fibrosis, kidney injuries, and liver toxicities induced by oxidative agents, including heavy metals. In this manuscript, we explained the mechanisms of oxidative stress, and also discussed heavy metals which contribute to human oxidative stress. We further discussed different herbal antioxidants, their mechanisms of action, and their clinical use for various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Omidifar
- Clinical Education Research Center, and Department of Pathology, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Nili-Ahmadabadi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Amin Nakhostin-Ansari
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamran Bagheri Lankarani
- Health Policy Research Center, Health Institute, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Moghadami
- Health Policy Research Center, Health Institute, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyyed Mojtaba Mousavi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Seyyed Alireza Hashemi
- Nanomaterials and Polymer Nanocomposites Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Ahmad Gholami
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mansoureh Shokripour
- Depatment of Pathology, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Ebrahimi
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Cho YH, Ku CR, Choi YS, Lee HJ, Lee EJ. Danshen Extracts Prevents Obesity and Activates Mitochondrial Function in Brown Adipose Tissue. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2021; 36:185-195. [PMID: 33677939 PMCID: PMC7937848 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2020.835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Danshen has been widely used in oriental medicine to improve body function. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of water-soluble Danshen extract (DE) on weight loss and on activation proteins involved in mitochondrial biogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) in obese mice. METHODS BAT was isolated from 7-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats, and expression of proteins related to mitochondrial biogenesis was confirmed in both brown preadipocytes and mature brown adipocytes treated with DE. For the in vivo study, low-density lipoprotein receptor knock out mice were divided into three groups and treated for 17 weeks with: standard diet; high fat diet (HFD); HFD+DE. Body weight was measured every week, and oral glucose tolerance test was performed after DE treatment in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. To observe the changes in markers related to thermogenesis and adipogenesis in the BAT, white adipose tissue (WAT) and liver of experimental animals, tissues were removed and immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen. RESULTS DE increased the expression of uncoupling protein 1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha in brown preadipocytes, and also promoted the brown adipocyte differentiation and mitochondrial function in the mature brown adipocytes. Reactive oxygen species production in brown preadipocytes was increased depending on the concentration of DE. DE activates thermogenesis in BAT and normalizes increased body weight and adipogenesis in the liver due to HFD. Browning of WAT was increased in WAT of DE treatment group. CONCLUSION DE protects against obesity and activates mitochondrial function in BAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Hee Cho
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cheol Ryong Ku
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Suk Choi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeon Jeong Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Jig Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Fereydouni Z, Amirinezhad Fard E, Mansouri K, Mohammadi Motlagh HR, Mostafaie A. Saponins from Tribulus terrestris L. Extract Down-regulate the Expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and E-selectin in Human Endothelial Cell Lines. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR MEDICINE 2020; 9:73-83. [PMID: 32832486 PMCID: PMC7422852 DOI: 10.22088/ijmcm.bums.9.1.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease in which intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and E-selectin (SELE) are consistently expressed in the vascular endothelium. Several evidence support the crucial role of adhesion molecules in the development of atherosclerosis and plaque instability. Due to the anti-inflammatory activity of Tribulus terrestris (TT), the present study investigated the effect of aqueous extract and saponin fraction of TT on the expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and SELE genes in endothelial cells during normal and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced conditions. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and human bone marrow endothelial cells (HBMEC) were cultured, stimulated by LPS, and treated with aqueous extract and saponin fraction of TT. Finally, the expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and SELE genes were measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. LPS-induced HUVECs and HBMECs significantly increased the expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and SELE in comparison with control groups (P<0.001). Treatment of LPS-induced HUVECs and HBMECs by aqueous extract and saponin fraction of TT decreased the expression of all three mentioned genes significantly (P<0.001) in comparison with LPS-induced cells. Taken together, our data suggest that TT has an anti-inflammatory effect. In vivo study about anti-inflammatory effect of this herb may provide new insights into the development of a herbal drug for the prevention/therapy of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Fereydouni
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Elahe Amirinezhad Fard
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Kamran Mansouri
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hamid-Reza Mohammadi Motlagh
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ali Mostafaie
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Malekmohammad K, Sewell RDE, Rafieian-Kopaei M. Antioxidants and Atherosclerosis: Mechanistic Aspects. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E301. [PMID: 31349600 PMCID: PMC6722928 DOI: 10.3390/biom9080301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease which is a major cause of coronary heart disease and stroke in humans. It is characterized by intimal plaques and cholesterol accumulation in arterial walls. The side effects of currently prescribed synthetic drugs and their high cost in the treatment of atherosclerosis has prompted the use of alternative herbal medicines, dietary supplements, and antioxidants associated with fewer adverse effects for the treatment of atherosclerosis. This article aims to present the activity mechanisms of antioxidants on atherosclerosis along with a review of the most prevalent medicinal plants employed against this multifactorial disease. The wide-ranging information in this review article was obtained from scientific databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct and Google Scholar. Natural and synthetic antioxidants have a crucial role in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis through different mechanisms. These include: The inhibition of low density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation, the reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, the inhibition of cytokine secretion, the prevention of atherosclerotic plaque formation and platelet aggregation, the preclusion of mononuclear cell infiltration, the improvement of endothelial dysfunction and vasodilation, the augmentation of nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, the modulation of the expression of adhesion molecules such as vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) on endothelial cells, and the suppression of foam cell formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khojasteh Malekmohammad
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord 8818634141, Iran
| | - Robert D E Sewell
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3NB, UK
| | - Mahmoud Rafieian-Kopaei
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord 8813833435, Iran.
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Cao L, Zhou J, Wen J. Transport of salvianolic acid B via the human organic anion transporter 1B1 in the liver. Phytother Res 2018; 33:197-204. [PMID: 30402894 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Salvianolic acid B (SAB) has a high concentration in the liver, but the mechanism of its distribution in the liver is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms of hepatic uptake of SAB. In this study, we first explored the uptake features of SAB in HepG2 cells and the effect of rifampicin on uptake. Then, we explored the effects of SAB on the uptake of pitavastatin in HepG2 cells. Finally, we established an HEK239T-OATP1B1 cell model to confirm whether OATP1B1 mediated the transport of SAB. Results showed that the uptake kinetic parameters Vmax and Km for SAB in HepG2 cells were 21.28 ± 2.06 pmol mg-1 per protein min-1 and 28.47 ± 7.36 μM, respectively. Rifampicin inhibited the uptake of SAB in HepG2 cells (IC50 was 5.85 ± 1.70 μM), and SAB affected the uptake of pitavastatin in HepG2 cells (IC50 was 27.67 ± 1.90 μM). The uptake kinetic parameters Vmax and Km for SAB in HEK239T-OATP1B1 were 60.03 ± 6.16 pmol mg-1 per protein min-1 and 87.24 ± 15.28 μM, respectively, whereas in EGFP-HEK293 cells were 14.04 ± 2.53 pmol mg-1 per protein min-1 and 56.53 ± 15.50 μM. The SAB had no effect of on the expression of OATP1B1 in HEK239T-OATP1B1 cells. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that OATP1B1 contributes to the transport and accumulation of SAB in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jinhua Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Chen K, Yuan Y, Wang Z, Song D, Zhao J, Cao Z, Chen J, Guo Q, Chen L, Tickner J, Xu J. Helvolic acid attenuates osteoclast formation and function via suppressing RANKL‐induced NFATc1 activation. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:6477-6488. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Yu Yuan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia Perth Western Australia Australia
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Ziyi Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Dezhi Song
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia Perth Western Australia Australia
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University Nanning Guangxi China
| | - Jinmin Zhao
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University Nanning Guangxi China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University Guangxi China
- International Joint Laboratory on Regeneration of Bone and Soft Tissues, Guangxi Medical University Guangxi China
| | - Zhen Cao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia Perth Western Australia Australia
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science Third Military Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Junhao Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Qiang Guo
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia Perth Western Australia Australia
- Department of Spine Surgery Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha China
| | - Li Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia Perth Western Australia Australia
- Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Jennifer Tickner
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Jiake Xu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia Perth Western Australia Australia
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Vascular Protective Effects of Morinda citrifolia Leaf Extract on Postmenopausal Rats Fed with Thermoxidized Palm Oil Diet: Evidence at Microscopic Level. Int J Vasc Med 2018; 2018:6317434. [PMID: 30254765 PMCID: PMC6145053 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6317434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is now well understood as an inflammatory disease instead of lipid storage disorder; however, the conventional treatment is not targeted on treating the inflammation. Morinda citrifolia L. (Rubiaceae) leaf or noni leaf, which is a medicinal food (ulam) used in Traditional Malay Medicine to prevent chronic diseases, may have the potential to be formulated into a functional antiatherosclerotic agent. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Morinda citrifolia leaf extract (MCLE) treatment at histological and ultrastructural level, comparing it with Simvastatin. Thirty-eight female Sprague Dawley rats were divided into five groups: Sham (Sham), ovariectomized (OVX), ovariectomized with Simvastatin 10 mg/kg (OVX+ST), ovariectomized with low dose MC 500 mg/kg (OVX+MCLD), and ovariectomized with high dose MC 1000 mg/kg (OVX+MCHD). Atherosclerosis was induced by producing oestrogen deficiency through ovariectomy and feeding with thermoxidized palm oil (TPO) diet for 12 weeks along with the treatment. The results revealed significantly (P<0.05) lower systolic blood pressure (SBP) in the group treated with MCHD compared to the untreated OVX, whereas the diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was significantly higher in the untreated OVX group compared to the Sham group. Treatment with MCHD also significantly lowered the total cholesterol (TC) level compared to the OVX. The OVX group showed significantly lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level compared to the Sham group. The untreated OVX group showed evident histological and ultrastructural features of vascular inflammation such as blood cells accumulation in the lumen, vacuolation of the endothelial cells, subendothelial space widening, elastic fibres disruption, increased intima media thickness (IMT), smooth muscle cells fragmentation, and perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) deposition. All these pathological changes were less seen in the groups treated with MCLE. In conclusion, we reported the mechanism of antiatherosclerotic property of MCLE through lipids elimination and anti-inflammatory activity. In addition, we do not recommend the use of statin in the absence of dyslipidemia as it causes PVAT deposition.
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Xu WJ, Chen LM, Wei ZY, Wang PQ, Liu J, Dong JJ, Jia ZX, Yang J, Ma ZC, Su RB, Xiao HB, Liu A. Identifying the molecular targets of Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM) in ox-LDL induced macrophage-derived foam cells based on the integration of metabolomics and network pharmacology. RSC Adv 2018; 8:3760-3767. [PMID: 35542903 PMCID: PMC9077690 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra12725a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of network targets is one of the core issues used to reveal the molecular mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and is also the grand challenge of modernization of TCM. In this study, a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed based on the integration of network pharmacology and metabolomics, which was used as an effective approach to elucidate the relationship between disease pathway proteins and the targets of active small-molecule compounds. The intermolecular transfer process of the drug effect of active compounds in Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM) was revealed and visualized using the PPI network. Our study indicates that PTGS2 was the most important disease protein regulated by the active compounds in SM. Furthermore, the drug targets that can be linked to PTGS2 were regarded as direct targets and the direct targets of the active compounds were identified, respectively. Western blot and co-immuno precipitation (Co-IP) were used to verify the results of the network analysis and reveal the intermolecular transfer process of the effect of Tan IIA. Biological validation revealed that Tan IIA-EDN1-PTGS2-anandamide was a major intervention way of Tan IIA on early atherosclerosis (AS). This work provides a new perspective for the discovery of drug targets and the specific approaches regulated by the active compounds in SM on disease pathway proteins, which is beneficial for understanding the mechanism of action of bioactive compounds and expanding their clinical applications. The discovery of drug targets and the specific regulatory manner of active compounds based on a PPI network.![]()
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Ibrahim M, Ahmed IA, Mikail MA, Ishola AA, Draman S, Isa MLM, Yusof AM. Baccaurea angulata fruit juice reduces atherosclerotic lesions in diet-induced Hypercholesterolemic rabbits. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:134. [PMID: 28687076 PMCID: PMC5501101 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0526-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Atherosclerosis is the most common disease of large and medium-sized arteries linked to oxidative stress, dyslipidemia as well as chronic inflammation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential health benefits of Baccaurea angulata (BA) fruit juice on the aorta of diet-induced hypercholesterolemic rabbits, to detect an accumulation of fatty streak and evaluate the percentage of atherosclerotic lesion accrued. Methods Thirty-five healthy male adults New Zealand White rabbits were assigned to seven different groups. Four groups were fed 1% cholesterol diet and 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mL of BA fruit juice per kg of rabbit daily (atherogenic groups), while the other three groups were fed commercial rabbit pellet and 0, 0.5, and 1.0 mL of juice per kg of rabbit daily (normocholesterolemic groups) for 90 days. The thoracic and abdominal aorta between the heart origin and bifurcation into iliac arteries of all the rabbits were carefully removed and analyzed accordingly. Results The supplementation of the high-cholesterol diet of hypercholesterolemic rabbits with only 0.5 mL BA/kg rabbit per day significantly (p < 0.001) improved aortic lipid profile, attenuated aortic fatty streak development and reduced intima thickening. Higher BA doses used (1.0 and 1.5 mL/kg rabbit per day) also significantly (p < 0.001) decreased further the development of aortic fatty streaks, reduced the thickening of the tunica intima layer and preserved endothelial healing following arterial injury. Conclusion Therefore, BA fruit is a potential novel functional food with effective anti-inflammatory, anti-atherogenic and hypocholesterolemic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ibrahim
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.
| | - Idris Adewale Ahmed
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. .,Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Lincoln University College, Kelana Jaya, 47301, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Maryam Abimbola Mikail
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.,Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Lincoln University College, Kelana Jaya, 47301, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Afeez Adekunle Ishola
- Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, 25200, Malaysia
| | - Samsul Draman
- Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, 25200, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Lokman Md Isa
- Kulliyyah of Nursing, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, 25200, Malaysia
| | - Afzan Mat Yusof
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, 25200, Malaysia
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Ahmed IA, Mikail MA, Ibrahim M. Baccaurea angulata fruit juice ameliorates altered hematological and biochemical biomarkers in diet-induced hypercholesterolemic rabbits. Nutr Res 2017. [PMID: 28633869 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia is an important risk factor linked to the alteration of blood hematology and clinical chemistry associated with the development and progression of atherosclerosis. Previous studies have demonstrated the safety and potential health benefits of Baccaurea angulata (BA) fruit. We hypothesized that the oral administration of BA fruit juice could ameliorate the alteration in the hematological and biochemical biomarkers of diet-induced hypercholesterolemic rabbits. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different doses of BA juice on the hematological and biochemical biomarkers in normo- and hypercholesterolemic rabbits. Thirty-five healthy adult New Zealand White rabbits were assigned to seven different groups for 90days of diet intervention. Four atherogenic groups were fed a 1% cholesterol diet and 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5mL of BA juice per kg of rabbit daily. The other three normal groups were fed a commercial rabbit pellet diet and 0, 0.5, and 1.0mL of BA juice per kg of rabbit daily. Baseline and final blood samples after 90days of repeated administration BA juice were analyzed for hematological parameters while serum, aortic and hepatic lysates were analyzed for lipid profiles and other biochemical biomarkers. The alteration of the hemopoietic system, physiological changes in serum and tissues lipid profiles and other biochemicals resulting from the consumption of a high-cholesterol diet were significantly (P<.05) ameliorated by the administration of BA juice. Improvements of the biomarkers in rabbits were dose-dependent, markedly enhanced at the highest dose of juice (1.5mL/kg/day). The results suggest potential health benefits of the antioxidant-rich BA fruit juice against hypercholesterolemia-associated hematological and biochemical alterations in the rabbit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idris Adewale Ahmed
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM); Department of Biotechnology, Lincoln University College, Malaysia.
| | | | - Muhammad Ibrahim
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM).
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Bahmani M, Saki K, Shahsavari S, Rafieian-Kopaei M, Sepahvand R, Adineh A. Identification of medicinal plants effective in infectious diseases in Urmia, northwest of Iran. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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14
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Terminalia chebula Fructus Inhibits Migration and Proliferation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Production of Inflammatory Mediators in RAW 264.7. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:502182. [PMID: 25784946 PMCID: PMC4345257 DOI: 10.1155/2015/502182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and neointima formation after angioplasty involves vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) migration and proliferation followed by inflammatory responses mediated by recruited macrophages in the neointima. Terminalia chebula is widely used traditional medicine in Asia for its beneficial effects against cancer, diabetes, and bacterial infection. The study was designed to determine whether Terminalia chebula fructus water extract (TFW) suppresses VSMC migration and proliferation and inflammatory mediators production in macrophage (RAW 264.7). Our results showed that TFW possessed strong antioxidative effects in 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging and lipid peroxidation assays. In addition, TFW reduced nitric oxide (NO) production, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in RAW 264.7 cells. Also, TFW inhibited platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-BB) induced VSMC migration as determined by wound healing and Boyden chamber assays. The antimigratory effect of TFW was due to its inhibitory effect on metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression, focal adhesion kinase (FAK) activation, and Rho-family of small GTPases (Cdc42 and RhoA) expression in VSMCs. Furthermore, TFW suppressed PDGF-BB induced VSMC proliferation by downregulation of mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signaling molecules. These results suggest that TFW could be a beneficial resource in the prevention of atherosclerosis.
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Effects and Mechanism Analysis of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Salvianolic Acid B on 125I-Low Density Lipoprotein Permeability of the Rabbit Aortary Endothelial Cells. Cell Biochem Biophys 2014; 70:1533-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s12013-014-0089-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Kang H, Park SH, Yun JM, Nam TG, Kim YE, Kim DO, Kim YJ. Effect of cinnamon water extract on monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation and scavenger receptor activity. Altern Ther Health Med 2014; 14:90. [PMID: 24602512 PMCID: PMC3973967 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Water soluble cinnamon extract has been shown to increase insulin sensitivity and modulate macrophage activation, a desirable trait for the management of obesity or atherosclerosis. Our present study investigated whether cinnamon water extract (CWE) may influence the differentiation of monocytes into macrophages and the activity of macrophage scavenger receptors, commonly observed in atherosclerotic lesions. Methods We investigated the effect of CWE on the expression of various surface markers and the uptake of acetylated low density lipoprotein (LDL) in phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA)-stimulated THP-1 cells. The protein levels of PMA or macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF)-stimulated type 1 macrophage scavenger receptor (SRA) were analyzed. Finally, the role of extracellar signal-related kinase (ERK) 1/2 in SRA synthesis and the effect of CWE on PMA-stimulated ERK1/2 were determined. Results CWE inhibited the differentiation of monocyte by decreasing the expression of CD11b, CD36 and SRA and the uptake of acetyl LDL. CWE suppressed the upregulation of SRA by M-CSF and modulated ERK1/2 activity, which was required for PMA-induced SRA synthesis. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that CWE was able to interfere with monocyte differentiation and macrophage scavenger activity, indicating its potential in preventing the development of atherosclerotic lesions.
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Protective effects of neohesperidin dihydrochalcone against carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative damage in vivo and in vitro. Chem Biol Interact 2014; 213:51-9. [PMID: 24530446 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible hepatoprotective effects of neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute oxidative injury in vivo and in vitro. In a mouse model, intraperitoneal injection of CCl4 resulted in a significant increase in serum aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) activities. Histopathological examination revealed severe hepatocyte necrosis and destruction of architecture in liver lesions, and immunohistochemical staining illustrated a remarkable enhancement of COX-2 and iNOS expression. The levels of hepatic antioxidant, such as, catalase (CAT), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GP-X) and glutathione (GSH) were decreased, compared to the control group. However, pretreatment of NHDC for six consecutive days significantly ameliorated these changes. Moreover, Western blotting assay indicated pretreatment with NHDC also down-regulated CCl4-induced protein expressions of NF-κB, IL-6, caspase 3 and caspase 8. In HepG2 cell model, CCl4-treatment caused significant decrease in cell viability, antioxidant activities and GSH level, increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) level. Interestingly, pretreatment of NHDC effectively relieved CCl4-induced oxidative damage in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, NHDC appeared to possess promising anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory capacities, it is possible to be used as a hepatoprotective agent.
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Deng S, May BH, Zhang AL, Lu C, Xue CCL. Phytotherapy in the management of psoriasis: a review of the efficacy and safety of oral interventions and the pharmacological actions of the main plants. Arch Dermatol Res 2013; 306:211-29. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-013-1428-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Wang D, Song Y, Chen Y, Yao W, Li Z, Liu W, Yue S, Wang Z. Metabolic pools of phenolic acids in Salvia miltiorrhiza are enhanced by co-expression of Antirrhinum majus Delila and Rosea1 transcription factors. Biochem Eng J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2013.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Therapeutic effects of water soluble danshen extracts on atherosclerosis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:623639. [PMID: 23401716 PMCID: PMC3562667 DOI: 10.1155/2013/623639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Revised: 12/09/2012] [Accepted: 12/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Danshen is a traditional Chinese medicine with many beneficial effects on cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mechanisms responsible for the antiatherogenic effect of water soluble Danshen extracts (DEs). Rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with DE. To evaluate the effects of DE in vivo, carotid balloon injury and tail vein thrombosis were induced in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and iliac artery stent was induced in New Zealand white rabbits. The inhibitory action of DE on platelet aggregation was confirmed with an impedance aggregometer. DE inhibited the production of reactive oxygen species, and the migration and proliferation of platelet-derived growth factor-BB stimulated VSMCs. Furthermore, DE prevented inflammation and apoptosis in HUVECs. Both effects of DE were reconfirmed in both rat models. DE treatment attenuated platelet aggregation in both in vivo and ex vivo conditions. Pretreatment with DE prevented tail vein thrombosis, which is normally induced by κ-carrageenan injection. Lastly, DE-treated rabbits showed decreased in-stent restenosis of stented iliac arteries. These results suggest that water soluble DE modulates key atherogenic events in VSMCs, endothelial cells, and platelets in both in vitro and in vivo conditions.
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Olorunnisola OS, Bradley G, Afolayan AJ. Protective effect of Tulbaghia violacea Harv. on aortic pathology, tissue antioxidant enzymes and liver damage in diet-induced atherosclerotic rats. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:12747-60. [PMID: 23202923 PMCID: PMC3497297 DOI: 10.3390/ijms131012747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2012] [Revised: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The protective effect Tulbaghia violacea rhizomes (TVR) against derangements in serum lipid profile, tissue antioxidant enzyme depletion, endothelium dysfunction and histopathological changes in the aorta and liver of rats fed with an atherosclerogenic (Ath) diet (4% cholesterol, 1% cholic acid and 0.5% thiouracil) was investigated in this study. Co-treatment with the TVR extracts (250 and 500 mg/kg body weight for two weeks significantly (p < 0.05) protected against elevated serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol and decreased HDL-cholesterol in a dose-dependent manner when compared with the atherogenic control. The extracts also reduced (p < 0.05) elevated thiobabutric reacting substance (TBARS) and reversed endothelial dysfunction parameters (fibrinogen and total NO levels) and tissue antioxidant enzyme activities to near normal. The protective ability of the extract was confirmed by the significant (p < 0.05) reduction in the activities of serum markers of liver (LDH, AST, ALT, ALP, bilirubin) and kidney damage (creatinine and bilirubin) in extract-treated groups compared with the atherogenic control group. Also, histopathology evaluations of aorta sections revealed that the extracts protected against the development of fatty streak plaques (aorta) and fatty changes in hepatocytes. The observed activities of the extracts compared favorably with standard drug atorvastatin. Our study thus showed that the methanolic extract of TVR could protect against the early onset of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olubukola S. Olorunnisola
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa; E-Mails: (O.S.O.); (G.B.)
| | - Graeme Bradley
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa; E-Mails: (O.S.O.); (G.B.)
| | - Anthony J. Afolayan
- Phytomedicine Research Group, Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
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Kim MS, Kim DS, Kim HS, Kang SW, Kang YH. Inhibitory effects of luteolin on transendothelial migration of monocytes and formation of lipid-laden macrophages. Nutrition 2012; 28:1044-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2011.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2011] [Revised: 11/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/03/2011] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Oh KS, Oh BK, Mun J, Seo HW, Lee BH. Salvianolic acid A suppress lipopolysaccharide-induced NF-κB signaling pathway by targeting IKKβ. Int Immunopharmacol 2011; 11:1901-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2011.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Revised: 07/01/2011] [Accepted: 07/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Zeng Y, Song JX, Shen XC. Herbal Remedies Supply a Novel Prospect for the Treatment of Atherosclerosis: A Review of Current Mechanism Studies. Phytother Res 2011; 26:159-67. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2010] [Revised: 05/02/2011] [Accepted: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology; Guiyang Medical University; Guiyang; China
| | - Ju-Xian Song
- School of Chinese Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam; Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiang-Chun Shen
- Department of Pharmacology; Guiyang Medical University; Guiyang; China
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Zhao D, Gao ZD, Han DE, Li N, Zhang YJ, Lu Y, Li TT, Chen XJ. Influence of Rifampicin on the Pharmacokinetics of Salvianolic Acid B May Involve Inhibition of Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptide (Oatp) Mediated Influx. Phytother Res 2011; 26:118-21. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2010] [Revised: 03/29/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhao
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing Jiangsu 210009 PR China
| | - Zi-dong Gao
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing Jiangsu 210009 PR China
| | - De-en Han
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing Jiangsu 210009 PR China
| | - Ning Li
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing Jiangsu 210009 PR China
| | - Yong-jie Zhang
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing Jiangsu 210009 PR China
| | - Yang Lu
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing Jiangsu 210009 PR China
| | - Ting-ting Li
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing Jiangsu 210009 PR China
| | - Xi-jing Chen
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing Jiangsu 210009 PR China
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Feng LX, Jing CJ, Tang KL, Tao L, Cao ZW, Wu WY, Guan SH, Jiang BH, Yang M, Liu X, Guo DA. Clarifying the signal network of salvianolic acid B using proteomic assay and bioinformatic analysis. Proteomics 2011; 11:1473-85. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201000482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2010] [Revised: 01/10/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Yang TL, Lin FY, Chen YH, Chiu JJ, Shiao MS, Tsai CS, Lin SJ, Chen YL. Salvianolic acid B inhibits low-density lipoprotein oxidation and neointimal hyperplasia in endothelium-denuded hypercholesterolaemic rabbits. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2011; 91:134-141. [PMID: 20824680 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.4163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2010] [Revised: 07/24/2010] [Accepted: 08/11/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis and restenosis are inflammatory responses involving free radicals and lipid peroxidation and may be prevented/cured by antioxidant-mediated lipid peroxidation inhibition. Salvianolic acid (Sal B), a water-soluble antioxidant obtained from a Chinese medicinal herb, is believed to have multiple preventive and therapeutic effects against human vascular diseases. In this study the in vitro and in vivo inhibitory effects of Sal B on oxidative stress were determined. RESULTS In human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs), Sal B reduced oxidative stress, inhibited low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation and reduced oxidised LDL-induced cytotoxicity. Sal B inhibited Cu(2+) -induced LDL oxidation in vitro (with a potency 16.3 times that of probucol) and attenuated HAEC-mediated LDL oxidation as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. In cholesterol-fed New Zealand White rabbits (with probucol as positive control), Sal B intake reduced Cu(2+) -induced LDL oxidation, lipid deposition in the thoracic aorta, intimal thickness of the aortic arch and thoracic aorta and neointimal formation in the abdominal aorta. CONCLUSION The data obtained in this study suggest that Sal B protects HAECs from oxidative injury-mediated cell death via inhibition of ROS production. The antioxidant activity of Sal B may help explain its efficacy in the treatment of vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung-Lin Yang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Aggarwal A, Singh S. Newer antiatherosclerosis treatment strategies. HEART ASIA 2011; 3:26-30. [PMID: 27325976 DOI: 10.1136/ha.2010.003129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis has been a target of much clinical and molecular research. As a result of this extensive research, it is amply clear that atherogenesis is a multifactorial process involving an interplay of metabolic, immune and inflammatory mechanisms. Antiatherosclerotic strategies are today aiming for a multipronged approach targeting each arm of this multifactorial process. The newer agents under development can be divided into three broad categories: anti-inflammatory agents, modulators of intermediary metabolism and antiatherosclerosis vaccines. Potential targets for anti-inflammatory agents include inhibition of conversion of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) to oxidised LDL, blocking or downregulation of cell adhesion molecules, chemokine modulation and macrophage receptor blockade. Beyond inhibition of plaque formation, efforts are also ongoing to develop agents which stabilise the plaque by increasing its fibrous content and inhibiting its disruption. So far as research in the sphere of intermediary metabolism is concerned, the focus is now primarily on raising high-density lipoprotein and promoting reverse cholesterol transport; potential targets include cholesteryl ester transfer protein, liver X-receptor, lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase and high-density lipoprotein mimetics. Acyl-coenzymeA: cholesterol acyltransferase is another enzyme whose selective and differential inhibition is under active investigation. The concept of immunisation against a non-communicable disease such as atherosclerosis is still in its nascent stages. However, with increasing evidence to suggest the role of antigen-specific T-cell-mediated immunity in atherogenesis, this approach is potentially promising. Possible antigens under evaluation include oxidised LDL and its subparticles, heat-shock proteins and cholesteryl ester transfer protein. With cardiovascular disease being the single leading cause of death worldwide, the development of a safe and successful antiatherosclerosis strategy (possibly employing a combination of agents acting at various levels) will indeed be a major 21st-century achievement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitesh Aggarwal
- Department of Medicine, University College of Medical Sciences, University of Delhi & GTB Hospital, Delhi, India; Department of Preventive Cardiology, University College of Medical Sciences, University of Delhi & GTB Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Safal Singh
- Department of Medicine, University College of Medical Sciences, University of Delhi & GTB Hospital, Delhi, India; Department of Preventive Cardiology, University College of Medical Sciences, University of Delhi & GTB Hospital, Delhi, India
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Zhao S, Ji X, Lin P, Liu YM. A gold nanoparticle-mediated enzyme bioreactor for inhibitor screening by capillary electrophoresis. Anal Biochem 2010; 411:88-93. [PMID: 21184730 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2010.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2010] [Revised: 12/15/2010] [Accepted: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A facile protocol to prepare highly effective and durable in-line enzyme bioreactors inside capillary electrophoresis (CE) columns was developed. To demonstrate the methodology, l-glutamic dehydrogenase (GLDH) was selected as the model enzyme. GLDH was first immobilized onto 38-nm-diameter gold nanoparticles (GNPs), and the functionalized GNPs were then assembled on the inner wall at the inlet end of the CE capillary treated with polyethyleneimine (PEI), producing an in-line GLDH bioreactor. Compared with a GLDH bioreactor prepared by immobilizing GLDH directly on PEI-treated capillary, the GNP-mediated bioreactor showed a higher enzymatic activity and a much better stability. The in-capillary enzyme bioreactor was proven to be very useful for screening of GLDH inhibitors deploying the GLDH-catalyzed α-ketoglutaric acid reaction. The screening assay was preliminarily validated by using a known GLDH inhibitor, namely perphenazine. A Z' factor value of 0.95 (n=10) was obtained, indicating that the screening results were highly reliable. Screening of GLDH inhibitors present in medicinal plant extracts by the proposed method was demonstrated. The inhibition percentages were found to be 53% for Radix scutellariae, 45% for Radix codonopsis, 37% for Radix paeoniae alba, and 0% for the other 22 extracts tested at a concentration of 0.6mg extract/ml.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 51004, China.
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Salvianolic Acid B, a potential chemopreventive agent, for head and neck squamous cell cancer. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2010; 2011:534548. [PMID: 21209716 PMCID: PMC3010684 DOI: 10.1155/2011/534548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Accepted: 11/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) is one of the top ten cancers in the United States. The survival rate of HNSCC has only marginally improved over the last two decades. In addition, African-American men bear a disproportionate burden of this preventable disease. Therefore, a critical challenge of preventive health approaches is warranted. Salvianolic acid B (Sal-B) isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge, which is a well-know Chinese medicines has been safely used to treat and prevent aging diseases for thousand of years. Recently, the anticancer properties of Sal-B have received more attention. Sal-B significantly inhibits or delays the growth of HNSCC in both cultured HNSCC cells and HNSCC xenograft animal models. The following anticancer mechanisms have been proposed: the inhibition of COX-2/PGE-2 pathway, the promotion of apoptosis, and the modulation of angiogenesis. In conclusion, Sal-B is a potential HNSCC chemopreventive agent working through antioxidation and anti-inflammation mechanisms.
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