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Bouazzaoui A, Abdellatif AA. Vaccine delivery systems and administration routes: Advanced biotechnological techniques to improve the immunization efficacy. Vaccine X 2024; 19:100500. [PMID: 38873639 PMCID: PMC11170481 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2024.100500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Since the first use of vaccine tell the last COVID-19 pandemic caused by spread of SARS-CoV-2 worldwide, the use of advanced biotechnological techniques has accelerated the development of different types and methods for immunization. The last pandemic showed that the nucleic acid-based vaccine, especially mRNA, has an advantage in terms of development time; however, it showed a very critical drawback namely, the higher costs when compared to other strategies, and its inability to protect against new variants. This showed the need of more improvement to reach a better delivery and efficacy. In this review we will describe different vaccine delivery systems including, the most used viral vector, and also variable strategies for delivering of nucleic acid-based vaccines especially lipid-based nanoparticles formulation, polymersomes, electroporation and also the new powerful tools for the delivery of mRNA, which is based on the use of cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs). Additionally, we will also discuss the main challenges associated with each system. Finlay, the efficacy and safety of the vaccines depends not only on the formulations and delivery systems, but also the dosage and route of administration are also important players, therefore we will see the different routes for the vaccine administration including traditionally routes (intramuscular, Transdermal, subcutaneous), oral inhalation or via nasal mucosa, and will describe the advantages and disadvantage of each administration route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdellatif Bouazzaoui
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, P.O. Box 715, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
- Science and Technology Unit, Umm Al Qura University, P.O. Box 715, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A.H. Abdellatif
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, 51452 Qassim, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, 71524 Assiut, Egypt
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2
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Alhaj-Suliman SO, Wafa EI, Salem AK. Engineering nanosystems to overcome barriers to cancer diagnosis and treatment. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 189:114482. [PMID: 35944587 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, multidisciplinary investigations into the development of nanoparticles for medical applications have continually increased. However, nanoparticles are still subject to biological barriers and biodistribution challenges, which limit their overall clinical potential. This has motivated the implementation of innovational modifications to a range of nanoparticle formulations designed for cancer imaging and/or cancer treatment to overcome specific barriers and shift the accumulation of payloads toward the diseased tissues. In recent years, novel technological and chemical approaches have been employed to modify or functionalize the surface of nanoparticles or manipulate the characteristics of nanoparticles. Combining these approaches with the identification of critical biomarkers provides new strategies for enhancing nanoparticle specificity for both cancer diagnostic and therapeutic applications. This review discusses the most recent advances in the design and engineering of nanoparticles as well as future directions for developing the next generation of nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhaila O Alhaj-Suliman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Emad I Wafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Aliasger K Salem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States; Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States.
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3
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Golombek F, Castiglione K. Polymersomes as Nanoreactors Enabling the Application of Solvent-Sensitive Enzymes in Different Biphasic Reaction Setups. Biotechnol J 2020; 15:e1900561. [PMID: 32697416 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201900561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There is an increasing interest in biocatalysis to perform chemical reactions in biphasic systems, consisting of an aqueous phase and a water-immiscible organic solvent or ionic liquid. In most cases, the hydrophobic phase is used as reservoir for poorly water-soluble substrates or for in situ product removal. However, many enzymes are solvent-sensitive and cannot be used in such systems. In this study, the solvent-sensitive enzyme mandelate racemase is exemplarily protected from the organic phase by its entrapment in (crosslinked) polymersomes. The covalent crosslinking of the individual chains of the block copolymer poly(2-methyloxazoline)15 -poly(dimethylsiloxane)68 -poly(2-methyloxazoline)15 via terminal methacrylates leads to enhanced membrane stability. This effect is especially pronounced for long-time incubation in the presence of organic solvents and ionic liquids. By using a gentle polymerization initiator at its minimal necessary concentration, the prior encapsulated enzymes remain intact during crosslinking. Although the insertion of natural channel proteins into the membrane improves the mass transport into the vesicles, it is non-essential. Mandelate racemase in (crosslinked) polymersomes remains active in different highly dispersed biphasic systems for more than 24 h. The free enzyme, on the other hand, gets completely inactivated within 1 h, thus illustrating the potential of polymersomes as nanoreactors in biphasic reaction setups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Golombek
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, 91052, Germany
| | - Kathrin Castiglione
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, 91052, Germany
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4
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Trantidou T, Friddin MS, Salehi-Reyhani A, Ces O, Elani Y. Droplet microfluidics for the construction of compartmentalised model membranes. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:2488-2509. [PMID: 30066008 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00028j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The design of membrane-based constructs with multiple compartments is of increasing importance given their potential applications as microreactors, as artificial cells in synthetic-biology, as simplified cell models, and as drug delivery vehicles. The emergence of droplet microfluidics as a tool for their construction has allowed rapid scale-up in generation throughput, scale-down of size, and control over gross membrane architecture. This is true on several levels: size, level of compartmentalisation and connectivity of compartments can all be programmed to various degrees. This tutorial review explains and explores the reasons behind this. We discuss microfluidic strategies for the generation of a family of compartmentalised systems that have lipid membranes as the basic structural motifs, where droplets are either the fundamental building blocks, or are precursors to the membrane-bound compartments. We examine the key properties associated with these systems (including stability, yield, encapsulation efficiency), discuss relevant device fabrication technologies, and outline the technical challenges. In doing so, we critically review the state-of-play in this rapidly advancing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Trantidou
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
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5
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Weiss M, Frohnmayer JP, Benk LT, Haller B, Janiesch JW, Heitkamp T, Börsch M, Lira RB, Dimova R, Lipowsky R, Bodenschatz E, Baret JC, Vidakovic-Koch T, Sundmacher K, Platzman I, Spatz JP. Sequential bottom-up assembly of mechanically stabilized synthetic cells by microfluidics. NATURE MATERIALS 2018; 17:89-96. [PMID: 29035355 DOI: 10.1038/nmat5005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Compartments for the spatially and temporally controlled assembly of biological processes are essential towards cellular life. Synthetic mimics of cellular compartments based on lipid-based protocells lack the mechanical and chemical stability to allow their manipulation into a complex and fully functional synthetic cell. Here, we present a high-throughput microfluidic method to generate stable, defined sized liposomes termed 'droplet-stabilized giant unilamellar vesicles (dsGUVs)'. The enhanced stability of dsGUVs enables the sequential loading of these compartments with biomolecules, namely purified transmembrane and cytoskeleton proteins by microfluidic pico-injection technology. This constitutes an experimental demonstration of a successful bottom-up assembly of a compartment with contents that would not self-assemble to full functionality when simply mixed together. Following assembly, the stabilizing oil phase and droplet shells are removed to release functional self-supporting protocells to an aqueous phase, enabling them to interact with physiologically relevant matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Weiss
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Patrick Frohnmayer
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lucia Theresa Benk
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Haller
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan-Willi Janiesch
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Heitkamp
- Single-Molecule Microscopy Group, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Börsch
- Single-Molecule Microscopy Group, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Rafael B Lira
- Theory & Bio-Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Rumiana Dimova
- Theory & Bio-Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Reinhard Lipowsky
- Theory & Bio-Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Eberhard Bodenschatz
- Laboratory for Fluid Dynamics, Pattern Formation and Biocomplexity, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jean-Christophe Baret
- Droplets, Membranes and Interfaces, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Soft Micro Systems, CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, CRPP, UPR 8641, 115 Avenue Schweitzer, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Tanja Vidakovic-Koch
- Process System Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Kai Sundmacher
- Process System Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
- Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Process Systems Engineering, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ilia Platzman
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joachim P Spatz
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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6
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Trantidou T, Friddin M, Elani Y, Brooks NJ, Law RV, Seddon JM, Ces O. Engineering Compartmentalized Biomimetic Micro- and Nanocontainers. ACS NANO 2017; 11:6549-6565. [PMID: 28658575 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b03245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Compartmentalization of biological content and function is a key architectural feature in biology, where membrane bound micro- and nanocompartments are used for performing a host of highly specialized and tightly regulated biological functions. The benefit of compartmentalization as a design principle is behind its ubiquity in cells and has led to it being a central engineering theme in construction of artificial cell-like systems. In this review, we discuss the attractions of designing compartmentalized membrane-bound constructs and review a range of biomimetic membrane architectures that span length scales, focusing on lipid-based structures but also addressing polymer-based and hybrid approaches. These include nested vesicles, multicompartment vesicles, large-scale vesicle networks, as well as droplet interface bilayers, and double-emulsion multiphase systems (multisomes). We outline key examples of how such structures have been functionalized with biological and synthetic machinery, for example, to manufacture and deliver drugs and metabolic compounds, to replicate intracellular signaling cascades, and to demonstrate collective behaviors as minimal tissue constructs. Particular emphasis is placed on the applications of these architectures and the state-of-the-art microfluidic engineering required to fabricate, functionalize, and precisely assemble them. Finally, we outline the future directions of these technologies and highlight how they could be applied to engineer the next generation of cell models, therapeutic agents, and microreactors, together with the diverse applications in the emerging field of bottom-up synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Trantidou
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Institute of Chemical Biology, Imperial College London , Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Friddin
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Institute of Chemical Biology, Imperial College London , Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Yuval Elani
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Institute of Chemical Biology, Imperial College London , Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J Brooks
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Institute of Chemical Biology, Imperial College London , Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Robert V Law
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Institute of Chemical Biology, Imperial College London , Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - John M Seddon
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Institute of Chemical Biology, Imperial College London , Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Oscar Ces
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Institute of Chemical Biology, Imperial College London , Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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7
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Charan H, Glebe U, Anand D, Kinzel J, Zhu L, Bocola M, Garakani TM, Schwaneberg U, Böker A. Nano-thin walled micro-compartments from transmembrane protein-polymer conjugates. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:2866-2875. [PMID: 28352880 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm02520j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The high interfacial activity of protein-polymer conjugates has inspired their use as stabilizers for Pickering emulsions, resulting in many interesting applications such as synthesis of templated micro-compartments and protocells or vehicles for drug and gene delivery. In this study we report, for the first time, the stabilization of Pickering emulsions with conjugates of a genetically modified transmembrane protein, ferric hydroxamate uptake protein component A (FhuA). The lysine residues of FhuA with open pore (FhuA ΔCVFtev) were modified to attach an initiator and consequently controlled radical polymerization (CRP) carried out via the grafting-from technique. The resulting conjugates of FhuA ΔCVFtev with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) and poly((2-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA), the so-called building blocks based on transmembrane proteins (BBTP), have been shown to engender larger structures. The properties such as pH-responsivity, temperature-responsivity and interfacial activity of the BBTP were analyzed using UV-Vis spectrophotometry and pendant drop tensiometry. The BBTP were then utilized for the synthesis of highly stable Pickering emulsions, which could remain non-coalesced for well over a month. A new UV-crosslinkable monomer was synthesized and copolymerized with NIPAAm from the protein. The emulsion droplets, upon crosslinking of polymer chains, yielded micro-compartments. Fluorescence microscopy proved that these compartments are of micrometer scale, while cryo-scanning electron microscopy and scanning force microscopy analysis yielded a thickness in the range of 11.1 ± 0.6 to 38.0 ± 18.2 nm for the stabilizing layer of the conjugates. Such micro-compartments would prove to be beneficial in drug delivery applications, owing to the possibility of using the channel of the transmembrane protein as a gate and the smart polymer chains as trigger switches to tune the behavior of the capsules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Charan
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP, Geiselbergstr. 69, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
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8
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Schwarzer TS, Hermann M, Krishnan S, Simmel FC, Castiglione K. Preparative refolding of small monomeric outer membrane proteins. Protein Expr Purif 2017; 132:171-181. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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9
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Pandey B, Mahato J, Cotta KB, Das S, Sharma DK, Sen Gupta S, Chowdhury A. Glycopolypeptide-Grafted Bioactive Polyionic Complex Vesicles (PICsomes) and Their Specific Polyvalent Interactions. ACS OMEGA 2016; 1:600-612. [PMID: 31457149 PMCID: PMC6640804 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.6b00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Glycopolypeptide-based self-assembled nano-/microstructures with surface-tethered carbohydrates are excellent mimics of glycoproteins on the cell surface. To expand the broad repertoire of glycopolypeptide-based supramolecular soft structures such as polymersomes formed via self-assembly of amphiphilic polymers, we have developed a new class of polyionic complex vesicles (PICsomes) with glycopolypeptides grafted on the external surface. Oppositely charged hydrophilic block copolymers of glycopolypeptide20-b-poly-l-lysine100 and PEG2k-b-poly-l-glutamate100 [PEG = poly(ethylene glycol)] were synthesized using a combination of ring-opening polymerization of N-carboxyanhydrides and "click" chemistry. Under physiological conditions, the catiomer and aniomer self-assemble to form glycopolypeptide-conjugated PICsomes (GP-PICsomes) of micrometer dimensions. Electron and atomic force microscopy suggests a hollow morphology of the PICsomes, with inner aqueous pool (core) and peripheral PIC (shell) regions. Owing to their relatively large (∼micrometers) size, the hollowness of the supramolecular structure could be established via fluorescence microscopy of single GP-PICsomes, both in solution and under dry conditions, using spatially distributed fluorescent probes. Furthermore, the dynamics of single PICsomes in solution could be imaged in real time, which also allowed us to test for multivalent interactions between PICsomes mediated by a carbohydrate (mannose)-binding protein (lectin, Con-A). The immediate association of several GP-PICsomes in the presence of Con-A and their eventual aggregation to form large insoluble aggregate clusters reveal that upon self-assembly carbohydrate moieties protrude on the outer surface which retains their biochemical activity. Challenge experiments with excess mannose reveal fast deaggregation of GP-PICsomes as opposed to that in the presence of excess galactose, which further establishes the specificity of lectin-mediated polyvalent interactions of the GP-PICsomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhawana Pandey
- Chemical
Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical
Laboratory, Dr. Homi
Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research, (AcSIR), New Delhi 110 025, India
| | - Jaladhar Mahato
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Research
in Nanotechnology and Science, Indian Institute
of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Karishma Berta Cotta
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Research
in Nanotechnology and Science, Indian Institute
of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Soumen Das
- Chemical
Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical
Laboratory, Dr. Homi
Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research, (AcSIR), New Delhi 110 025, India
| | - Dharmendar Kumar Sharma
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Research
in Nanotechnology and Science, Indian Institute
of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Sayam Sen Gupta
- Chemical
Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical
Laboratory, Dr. Homi
Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Arindam Chowdhury
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Research
in Nanotechnology and Science, Indian Institute
of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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10
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Charan H, Kinzel J, Glebe U, Anand D, Garakani TM, Zhu L, Bocola M, Schwaneberg U, Böker A. Grafting PNIPAAm from β-barrel shaped transmembrane nanopores. Biomaterials 2016; 107:115-23. [PMID: 27614163 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The research on protein-polymer conjugates by grafting from the surface of proteins has gained significant interest in the last decade. While there are many studies with globular proteins, membrane proteins have remained untouched to the best of our knowledge. In this study, we established the conjugate formation with a class of transmembrane proteins and grow polymer chains from the ferric hydroxamate uptake protein component A (FhuA; a β-barrel transmembrane protein of Escherichia coli). As the lysine residues of naturally occurring FhuA are distributed over the whole protein, FhuA was reengineered to have up to 11 lysines, distributed symmetrically in a rim on the membrane exposed side (outside) of the protein channel and exclusively above the hydrophobic region. Reengineering of FhuA ensures a polymer growth only on the outside of the β-barrel and prevents blockage of the channel as a result of the polymerization. A water-soluble initiator for controlled radical polymerization (CRP) was consecutively linked to the lysine residues of FhuA and N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) polymerized under copper-mediated CRP conditions. The conjugate formation was analyzed by using MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry, SDS-PAGE, circular dichroism spectroscopy, analytical ultracentrifugation, dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy and size exclusion chromatography. Such conjugates combine the specific functions of the transmembrane proteins, like maintaining membrane potential gradients or translocation of substrates with the unique properties of synthetic polymers such as temperature and pH stimuli handles. FhuA-PNIPAAm conjugates will serve as functional nanosized building blocks for applications in targeted drug delivery, self-assembly systems, functional membranes and transmembrane protein gated nanoreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Charan
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP, Geiselbergstr. 69, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany; Lehrstuhl für Polymermaterialien und Polymertechnologie, Universität Potsdam, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Julia Kinzel
- Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 3, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Glebe
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP, Geiselbergstr. 69, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Deepak Anand
- Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 3, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tayebeh Mirzaei Garakani
- Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 3, D-52074, Aachen, Germany; DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Leilei Zhu
- Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 3, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marco Bocola
- Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 3, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schwaneberg
- Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 3, D-52074, Aachen, Germany; DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52056, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Alexander Böker
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP, Geiselbergstr. 69, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany; Lehrstuhl für Polymermaterialien und Polymertechnologie, Universität Potsdam, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
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11
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Bain J, Staniland SS. Bioinspired nanoreactors for the biomineralisation of metallic-based nanoparticles for nanomedicine. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:15508-21. [PMID: 25865599 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp00375j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review explores the synthesis of inorganic metallic-based nanoparticles (MBNPs) (metals, alloys, metal oxides) using biological and biologically inspired nanoreactors for precipitation/crystallisation. Such nanoparticles exhibit a range of nanoscale properties such as surface plasmon resonance (nobel metals e.g. Au), fluorescence (semiconductor quantum dots e.g. CdSe) and nanomagnetism (magnetic alloys e.g. CoPt and iron oxides e.g. magnetite), which are currently the subject of intensive research for their applicability in diagnostic and therapeutic nanomedicine. For such applications, MBNPs are required to be biocompatible, of a precise size and shape for a consistent signal or output and be easily modified with biomolecules for applications. Ideally the MBNPs would be obtained via an environmentally-friendly synthetic route. A biological or biologically inspired nanoreactor synthesis of MBNPs is shown to address these issues. Biological nanoreactors for crystallizing MBNPs within cells (magnetosomes), protein cages (ferritin) and virus capsids (cowpea chlorotic mottle, cowpea mosaic and tobacco mosaic viruses), are discussed along with how these have been modified for applications and for the next generation of new materials. Biomimetic liposome, polymersome and even designed self-assembled proteinosome nanoreactors are also reviewed for MBNP crystallisation and further modification for applications. With the advent of synthetic biology, the research and understanding in this field is growing, with the goal of realising nanoreactor synthesis of MBNPs for biomedical applications within our grasp in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Bain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK.
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12
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Tenne SJ, Kinzel J, Arlt M, Sibilla F, Bocola M, Schwaneberg U. 2-Methyltetrahydrofuran and cyclopentylmethylether: Two green solvents for efficient purification of membrane proteins like FhuA. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 937:13-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Jusufi A. Molecular simulations of self-assembly processes of amphiphiles in dilute solutions: the challenge for quantitative modelling. Mol Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2013.826394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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14
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Petersen MA, Hillmyer MA, Kokkoli E. Bioresorbable polymersomes for targeted delivery of cisplatin. Bioconjug Chem 2013; 24:533-43. [PMID: 23521104 DOI: 10.1021/bc3003259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nontoxic bioresorbable polymersomes have been developed that efficiently and site-selectively tether targeting peptides under mild conditions with no toxic catalysts. The binding and release properties of these polymersomes have been evaluated when targeting DLD-1 human colon cancer cells overexpressing the α(5)β(1) integrin. The delivery efficacy to these cells is markedly improved over commonly used RGD targeting peptides by use of an α(5)β(1)-specific targeting peptide, PR_b. Release profiles in buffered solution from pH 7.4 to 4.5 were evaluated and compared to release after binding to cells, and enzymatic degradation was identified as a major cause of rapid payload release in the cell. Intracellular trafficking and release were imaged via confocal microscopy in live cells and colocalization with organelles was evaluated quantitatively over time. Finally, the anticancer drug cisplatin was encapsulated in the PR_b functionalized polymersomes and the presence of PR_b greatly improved delivery efficacy, with increased cisplatin-induced losses to targeted DLD-1 colon cancer cell viability. When delivered to CACO-2 model human epithelial cells expressing low levels of α(5)β(1) integrin, low toxicity was maintained, suggesting that targeting was specific to α(5)β(1) overexpressing cells. These results demonstrate that PR_b-functionalized bioresorbable polymersomes may be an attractive route to minimizing the dose-limiting side effects associated with existing approaches to cisplatin chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Petersen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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van Rijn P, Tutus M, Kathrein C, Zhu L, Wessling M, Schwaneberg U, Böker A. Challenges and advances in the field of self-assembled membranes. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:6578-92. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60125k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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16
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Tenne SJ, Schwaneberg U. First insights on organic cosolvent effects on FhuA wildtype and FhuA Δ1-159. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:2459-2471. [PMID: 22408464 PMCID: PMC3292033 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13022459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Revised: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular dichroism (CD) and deconvolution were used to study the structural integrity of a "plugged" and an "open" FhuA transmembrane channel protein in the presence of varied concentrations of tetrahydrofuran (THF), ethanol (EtOH) and chloroform/methanol (C/M). FhuA is an Escherichia coli outer membrane protein (78.9 kDa) consisting of 22 β-sheets and an internal globular cork domain which acts as an iron transporter. FhuA and the deletion variant FhuA Δ1-159 showed comparable and remarkable resistance in the presence of THF (≤40 vol%) and EtOH (≤10 vol%). In C/M, significant differences in structural resistance were observed (FhuA stable ≤10 vol%; FhuA Δ1-159 ≤1 vol%). Deconvolution of CD-spectra for FhuA and FhuA Δ1-159 yielded β-sheet contents of 61 % (FhuA) and 58% (FhuA Δ1-159). Interestingly, FhuA and FhuA Δ1-159 had comparable β-sheet contents in the presence and absence of all three organic cosolvents. Additionally, precipitated FhuA and FhuA Δ1-159 (in 40 vol% C/M or 65 vol% THF) redissolved by supplementing the detergent n-octyl-oligo-oxyethylene (oPOE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie-Joana Tenne
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 1, Aachen, D-52074, Germany; E-Mail:
| | - Ulrich Schwaneberg
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 1, Aachen, D-52074, Germany; E-Mail:
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Rodríguez-Ropero F, Fioroni M. Structural and dynamical analysis of an engineered FhuA channel protein embedded into a lipid bilayer or a detergent belt. J Struct Biol 2012; 177:291-301. [PMID: 22248453 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2011.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Revised: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Engineered channel proteins are promising nano-components with applications in nanodelivery and nanoreactors technology. Because few of the engineered channel proteins have been crystallized, solution studies based on Neutron Scattering, Circular Dichroism and NMR play a major role. Consequently, the understanding of membrane proteins dynamics in water/detergent solutions or when embedded in a lipid membrane, can clarify how the environment affects protein behavior. In this study, molecular dynamics simulations of the FhuA Escherichia coli outer membrane channel protein and its engineered FhuA Δ1-159 variant have been performed in two different environments: a DNPC (1,2-dinervonyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) lipid bilayer and a water/OES (N-octyl-2-hydroxyethyl sulfoxide) detergent solution. Furthermore the FhuA Δ1-159 variant has been simulated in the open and closed states, the last induced by the presence of six 3-(2-pyridyldithio)-propionic-acid in the channel inner core. Differences in protein structural and dynamical behavior between the two environments have been found. Considering the FhuA protein characterized by an elliptical-cylindrical symmetry: (a) neither variations on the secondary structure nor axial deformation have been observed in any of the systems; (b) the ellipticity of the channel section (open state) and its fluctuations are enhanced in presence of water/OES, while diminished or suppressed in the DNPC bilayer; (c) the insertion of hydrophobic pyridyl groups into the FhuA Δ1-159 channel (closed state) induces a higher ellipticity in water/OES solution, while shifting to a circular section in the DNPC membrane; (d) the cork domain represented by the first 159 amino acids does not play a major role for protein stability.
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Noor M, Dworeck T, Schenk A, Shinde P, Fioroni M, Schwaneberg U. Polymersome surface decoration by an EGFP fusion protein employing Cecropin A as peptide "anchor". J Biotechnol 2011; 157:31-7. [PMID: 22041056 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2011.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Revised: 08/19/2011] [Accepted: 10/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Polymer based nanocompartments have potential applications in synthetic biology, medicine (drug release) and industrial biotechnology (chiral nanoreactors, multistep syntheses, selective product recovery). A step towards the aforementioned goals is the polymer membrane functionalization through covalent bonding of chemical anchors or insertion of proteins/peptides, to obtain specific properties like recognition, catalytic activity and facilitated diffusion, mimicking the complexity of a biological membrane. The use of genetic engineering techniques widens the possible applications of peptides and proteins specifically designed for polymer membrane interactions. A fusion protein (CecEGFP) based on the antibacterial peptide Cecropin A and the EGFP (Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein) was designed, expressed and biophysically characterized. CecEGFP interaction with the tri-block copolymer PIB-PEG-PIB (PIB=polyisobutylene, PEG=polyethylene glycol) based polymersome membrane was analyzed by circular dichroism as well as EGFP and Trp fluorescence measurements. Results proved that Cecropin A is usable as a "membrane surface anchor" for water soluble proteins, as it inserts into the polymer membrane. The aim and novelty of this study is within the design of fusion proteins specifically developed for polymer membrane interactions. The use of amphiphilic Cecropin A "anchoring" water soluble proteins to the polymersome surface, avoids chemical coupling between polymers and proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Noor
- Department of Biotechnology (Biology VI), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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Zakharova LY, Kudryashova YR, Selivanova NM, Voronin MA, Ibragimova AR, Solovieva SE, Gubaidullin AT, Litvinov AI, Nizameev IR, Kadirov MK, Galyametdinov YG, Antipin IS, Konovalov AI. Novel membrane mimetic systems based on amphiphilic oxyethylated calix[4]arene: Aggregative and liquid crystalline behavior. J Memb Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2010.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Roodbeen R, van Hest JCM. Synthetic cells and organelles: compartmentalization strategies. Bioessays 2010; 31:1299-308. [PMID: 19877005 DOI: 10.1002/bies.200900106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The recent development of RNA replicating protocells and capsules that enclose complex biosynthetic cascade reactions are encouraging signs that we are gradually getting better at mastering the complexity of biological systems. The road to truly cellular compartments is still very long, but concrete progress is being made. Compartmentalization is a crucial natural methodology to enable control over biological processes occurring within the living cell. In fact, compartmentalization has been considered by some theories to be instrumental in the creation of life. With the advancement of chemical biology, artificial compartments that can mimic the cell as a whole, or that can be regarded as cell organelles, have recently received much attention. The membrane between the inner and outer environment of the compartment has to meet specific requirements, such as semi-permeability, to allow communication and molecular transport over the border. The membrane can either be built from natural constituents or from synthetic polymers, introducing robustness to the capsule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renée Roodbeen
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Anraku Y, Kishimura A, Oba M, Yamasaki Y, Kataoka K. Spontaneous Formation of Nanosized Unilamellar Polyion Complex Vesicles with Tunable Size and Properties. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:1631-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ja908350e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasutaka Anraku
- Department of Materials Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Department of Clinical Vascular Regeneration, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Center for NanoBio Integration, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo
| | - Akihiro Kishimura
- Department of Materials Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Department of Clinical Vascular Regeneration, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Center for NanoBio Integration, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo
| | - Makoto Oba
- Department of Materials Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Department of Clinical Vascular Regeneration, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Center for NanoBio Integration, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo
| | - Yuichi Yamasaki
- Department of Materials Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Department of Clinical Vascular Regeneration, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Center for NanoBio Integration, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo
| | - Kazunori Kataoka
- Department of Materials Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Department of Clinical Vascular Regeneration, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Center for NanoBio Integration, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo
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Tagami Y, Matsufuji T, Ikigai H, Narita T, Oishi Y. Pressure Dependence of Aggregation State of (DMPC/Cholesterol) Mixed Monolayer Based on AFM Observation. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2009. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.82.536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Onaca O, Enea R, Hughes DW, Meier W. Stimuli-Responsive Polymersomes as Nanocarriers for Drug and Gene Delivery. Macromol Biosci 2008; 9:129-39. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.200800248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 396] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Rakhmatullina E, Mantion A, Bürgi T, Malinova V, Meier W. Solid-supported amphiphilic triblock copolymer membranes grafted from gold surface. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.23116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Onaca O, Sarkar P, Roccatano D, Friedrich T, Hauer B, Grzelakowski M, Güven A, Fioroni M, Schwaneberg U. Functionalized Nanocompartments (Synthosomes) with a Reduction-Triggered Release System. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200801076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Onaca O, Sarkar P, Roccatano D, Friedrich T, Hauer B, Grzelakowski M, Güven A, Fioroni M, Schwaneberg U. Functionalized Nanocompartments (Synthosomes) with a Reduction-Triggered Release System. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:7029-31. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200801076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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