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Wu Y, Wang C, Fan X, Ma Y, Liu Z, Ye X, Shen C, Wu C. The impact of induced pluripotent stem cells in animal conservation. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:649-663. [PMID: 38228922 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10294-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
It is widely acknowledged that we are currently facing a critical tipping point with regards to global extinction, with human activities driving us perilously close to the brink of a devastating sixth mass extinction. As a promising option for safeguarding endangered species, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) hold great potential to aid in the preservation of threatened animal populations. For endangered species, such as the northern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum cottoni), supply of embryos is often limited. After the death of the last male in 2019, only two females remained in the world. IPSC technology offers novel approaches and techniques for obtaining pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) from rare and endangered animal species. Successful generation of iPSCs circumvents several bottlenecks that impede the development of PSCs, including the challenges associated with establishing embryonic stem cells, limited embryo sources and immune rejection following embryo transfer. To provide more opportunities and room for growth in our work on animal welfare, in this paper we will focus on the progress made with iPSC lines derived from endangered and extinct species, exploring their potential applications and limitations in animal welfare research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurou Wu
- School of Pharmacy/School of Modem Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengwei Wang
- School of Pharmacy/School of Modem Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyun Fan
- School of Pharmacy/School of Modem Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxiao Ma
- Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zibo Liu
- School of Pharmacy/School of Modem Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Xun Ye
- School of Pharmacy/School of Modem Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Chongyang Shen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chunjie Wu
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy/Academy for Interdiscipline, Chengdu Univesity of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, People's Republic of China.
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Endangered Medicinal Animals, Chengdu, China.
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2
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Karami Z, Moradi S, Eidi A, Soleimani M, Jafarian A. Induced pluripotent stem cells: Generation methods and a new perspective in COVID-19 research. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 10:1050856. [PMID: 36733338 PMCID: PMC9887183 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1050856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) exhibit an unlimited ability to self-renew and produce various differentiated cell types, thereby creating high hopes for both scientists and patients as a great tool for basic research as well as for regenerative medicine purposes. The availability and safety of iPSCs for therapeutic purposes require safe and highly efficient methods for production of these cells. Different methods have been used to produce iPSCs, each of which has advantages and disadvantages. Studying these methods would be very helpful in developing an easy, safe, and efficient method for the generation of iPSCs. Since iPSCs can be generated from somatic cells, they can be considered as valuable cellular resources available for important research needs and various therapeutic purposes. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a disease that has endangered numerous human lives worldwide and currently has no definitive cure. Therefore, researchers have been rigorously studying and examining all aspects of COVID-19 and potential treatment modalities and various drugs in order to enable the treatment, control, and prevention of COVID-19. iPSCs have become one of the most attractive and promising tools in this field by providing the ability to study COVID-19 and the effectiveness of drugs on this disease outside the human body. In this study, we discuss the different methods of generation of iPSCs as well as their respective advantages and disadvantages. We also present recent applications of iPSCs in the study and treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Karami
- 1Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sharif Moradi
- 2Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Eidi
- 1Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- 3Hematology and Cell Therapy Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran,4Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Science, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arefeh Jafarian
- 5Iranian Tissue Bank and Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,*Correspondence: Arefeh Jafarian,
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Masuzawa Y, Kitazawa M. Xeno-Free Materials for Stabilizing Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor and Enhancing Cell Proliferation in Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Cultures. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15103687. [PMID: 35629712 PMCID: PMC9144957 DOI: 10.3390/ma15103687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are widely considered important for developing novel regenerative therapies. A major challenge to the growth and proliferation of iPSCs is the maintenance of their undifferentiated status in xeno- and feeder-free conditions. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is known to contribute to the expansion of stem cells; however, bFGF is notoriously heat-labile and easily denatured. Here, we investigate the effects of a series of synthetic sulfated/sulfonated polymers and saccharides on the growth of iPSCs. We observed that these materials effectively prevented the reduction of bFGF levels in iPSC culture media during storage at 37 °C. Some of the tested materials also suppressed heat-induced decline in medium performance and maintained cell proliferation. Our results suggest that these sulfated materials can be used to improve the expansion culture of undifferentiated iPSCs and show the potential of cost effective, chemically defined materials for improvement of medium performance while culturing iPSCs.
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Hatazawa R, Fukuda S, Kumamoto K, Matsushita F, Nagao S, Murata T, Taniguchi K, Matsui T, Komoto S. Strategy for generation of replication-competent recombinant rotaviruses expressing multiple foreign genes. J Gen Virol 2021; 102. [PMID: 33843576 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
With the recent establishment of robust reverse genetics systems for rotavirus, rotavirus is being developed as a vector to express foreign genes. However, insertion of larger sequences such as those encoding multiple foreign genes into the rotavirus genome has been challenging because the virus segments are small. In this paper, we attempted to insert multiple foreign genes into a single gene segment of rotavirus to determine whether it can efficiently express multiple exogenous genes from its genome. At first, we engineered a truncated NSP1 segment platform lacking most of the NSP1 open reading frame and including a self-cleaving 2A sequence (2A), which made it possible to generate a recombinant rotavirus stably expressing NanoLuc (Nluc) luciferase as a model foreign gene. Based on this approach, we then demonstrated the generation of a replication-competent recombinant rotavirus expressing three reporter genes (Nluc, EGFP, and mCherry) by separating them with self-cleaving 2As, indicating the capacity of rotaviruses as to the insertion of multiple foreign genes. Importantly, the inserted multiple foreign genes remained genetically stable during serial passages in cell culture, indicating the potential of rotaviruses as attractive expression vectors. The strategy described here will serve as a model for the generation of rotavirus-based vectors designed for the expression and/or delivery of multiple foreign genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riona Hatazawa
- Department of Molecular Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan.,Department of Virology and Parasitology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Saori Fukuda
- Department of Virology and Parasitology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Kanako Kumamoto
- Education and Research Facility of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Fumio Matsushita
- Department of Molecular Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Shizuko Nagao
- Education and Research Facility of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Takayuki Murata
- Department of Virology and Parasitology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Koki Taniguchi
- Department of Virology and Parasitology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Taei Matsui
- Department of Molecular Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Satoshi Komoto
- Department of Virology and Parasitology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
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Mukherjee S, Yadav G, Kumar R. Recent trends in stem cell-based therapies and applications of artificial intelligence in regenerative medicine. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:521-541. [PMID: 34249226 PMCID: PMC8246250 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i6.521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that can self-renew and differentiate into diverse types of mature and functional cells while maintaining their original identity. This profound potential of stem cells has been thoroughly investigated for its significance in regenerative medicine and has laid the foundation for cell-based therapies. Regenerative medicine is rapidly progressing in healthcare with the prospect of repair and restoration of specific organs or tissue injuries or chronic disease conditions where the body’s regenerative process is not sufficient to heal. In this review, the recent advances in stem cell-based therapies in regenerative medicine are discussed, emphasizing mesenchymal stem cell-based therapies as these cells have been extensively studied for clinical use. Recent applications of artificial intelligence algorithms in stem cell-based therapies, their limitation, and future prospects are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayali Mukherjee
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow 226028, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Garima Yadav
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow 226028, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajnish Kumar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow 226028, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Santos MDCB, Aquino LVC, Nascimento MB, Silva MB, Rodrigues LLV, Praxedes ÉA, Oliveira LRM, Silva HVR, Nunes TGP, Oliveira MF, Pereira AF. Evaluation of different skin regions derived from a postmortem jaguar, Panthera onca (Linnaeus, 1758), after vitrification for development of cryobanks from captive animals. Zoo Biol 2021; 40:280-287. [PMID: 33739467 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Biological resource banks represent valuable tools for the conservation of species vulnerable to extinction, such as the jaguar. Cryobanks of skins have the potential to safeguard rare genotypes, allowing the potential exploitation of biological samples in animal multiplication technologies and the study of genetic variability. Determination of the most suitable skin regions for tissue conservation can help increase the efficiency of cryobanks and the storage of biological samples. To this end, we evaluated the effects of vitrification of skin tissues from the ear, caudal, and femoral regions of a post-mortem jaguar belonging to a zoo in Brazil. Non-vitrified and vitrified samples were evaluated and compared using quantitative methods, focusing on skin thickness, cell quantification, number of perinuclear halos, collagen and elastic density, and proliferative activity. No differences were observed in skin thickness, number of perinuclear halos, elastic density, and proliferative activity between non-vitrified and vitrified tissues in skin from any region. However, vitrified tissues derived from femoral skin showed a reduction in the number of fibroblasts, epidermal cells and collagen density compared to non-vitrified tissues. In summary, the ear and caudal regions provided the best conservation of somatic tissues derived from jaguars, and skin samples from these regions are therefore the most suitable for the formation of cryobanks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria D C B Santos
- Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal Rural University of Semi-Arid, Mossoro, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Leonardo V C Aquino
- Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal Rural University of Semi-Arid, Mossoro, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Matheus B Nascimento
- Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal Rural University of Semi-Arid, Mossoro, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Maria B Silva
- Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal Rural University of Semi-Arid, Mossoro, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Luanna L V Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal Rural University of Semi-Arid, Mossoro, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Érika A Praxedes
- Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal Rural University of Semi-Arid, Mossoro, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Lhara R M Oliveira
- Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal Rural University of Semi-Arid, Mossoro, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Herlon V R Silva
- Laboratory of Carnivores Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary, Ceara State University, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Thalles G P Nunes
- Laboratory of Carnivores Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary, Ceara State University, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Moacir F Oliveira
- Laboratory of Apllied Animal Morphophysiology, Center for Agricultural Sciences, UFERSA, Mossoro, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Alexsandra F Pereira
- Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal Rural University of Semi-Arid, Mossoro, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
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7
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Shrestha R, Wen YT, Tsai RK. Induced pluripotent stem cells and derivative photoreceptor precursors as therapeutic cells for retinal degenerations. Tzu Chi Med J 2020; 32:101-112. [PMID: 32269941 PMCID: PMC7137374 DOI: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_147_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The visual impairment associated with inherited retinal degeneration and age-related degeneration of photoreceptors is causing substantial challenges in finding effective therapies. However, induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived therapeutic cells such as photoreceptor and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells provide the ultimate options in the rescue of lost photoreceptors to improve the visual function in end-stage degeneration. Retinal cells derived from iPSC are therapeutic cells that could be promising in the field of cell replacement therapy and regenerative medicine. This review presents an overview of the photoreceptor degeneration, methods of iPSC generation, iPSC in retinal disease modeling, summarizes the photoreceptor differentiation protocols, and challenges remained with photoreceptor cell replacement for the treatment of retinal diseases. Thus, the burden and increased incidence of visual impairment emphasizes the need of novel therapy, where iPSC-derived photoreceptor and RPE cells proved to be promising for curing the retinal dysfunction and act as renovation in approach to improve visual function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupendra Shrestha
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.,Institute of Eye Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Tseng Wen
- Institute of Eye Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Kung Tsai
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.,Institute of Eye Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
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de Lázaro I, Yilmazer A, Nam Y, Qubisi S, Razak FMA, Degens H, Cossu G, Kostarelos K. Non-viral, Tumor-free Induction of Transient Cell Reprogramming in Mouse Skeletal Muscle to Enhance Tissue Regeneration. Mol Ther 2018; 27:59-75. [PMID: 30470628 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2018.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of Oct3/4, Klf4, Sox2, and c-Myc (OKSM) transcription factors can de-differentiate adult cells in vivo. While sustained OKSM expression triggers tumorigenesis through uncontrolled proliferation of toti- and pluripotent cells, transient reprogramming induces pluripotency-like features and proliferation only temporarily, without teratomas. We sought to transiently reprogram cells within mouse skeletal muscle with a localized injection of plasmid DNA encoding OKSM (pOKSM), and we hypothesized that the generation of proliferative intermediates would enhance tissue regeneration after injury. Intramuscular pOKSM administration rapidly upregulated pluripotency (Nanog, Ecat1, and Rex1) and early myogenesis genes (Pax3) in the healthy gastrocnemius of various strains. Mononucleated cells expressing such markers appeared in clusters among myofibers, proliferated only transiently, and did not lead to dysplasia or tumorigenesis for at least 120 days. Nanog was also upregulated in the gastrocnemius when pOKSM was administered 7 days after surgically sectioning its medial head. Enhanced tissue regeneration after reprogramming was manifested by the accelerated appearance of centronucleated myofibers and reduced fibrosis. These results suggest that transient in vivo reprogramming could develop into a novel strategy toward the acceleration of tissue regeneration after injury, based on the induction of transiently proliferative, pluripotent-like cells in situ. Further research to achieve clinically meaningful functional regeneration is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene de Lázaro
- Nanomedicine Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, AV Hill Building, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; UCL School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University College London (UCL), London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Acelya Yilmazer
- Nanomedicine Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, AV Hill Building, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Yein Nam
- Nanomedicine Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, AV Hill Building, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; UCL School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University College London (UCL), London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Sara Qubisi
- Nanomedicine Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, AV Hill Building, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; UCL School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University College London (UCL), London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Fazilah Maizatul Abdul Razak
- Nanomedicine Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, AV Hill Building, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; UCL School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University College London (UCL), London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Hans Degens
- School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Giulio Cossu
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Michael Smith Building, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Kostas Kostarelos
- Nanomedicine Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, AV Hill Building, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; UCL School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University College London (UCL), London WC1N 1AX, UK.
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9
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Pen AE, Jensen UB. Current status of treating neurodegenerative disease with induced pluripotent stem cells. Acta Neurol Scand 2017; 135:57-72. [PMID: 26748435 DOI: 10.1111/ane.12545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Degenerative diseases of the brain have proven challenging to treat, let alone cure. One of the treatment options is the use of stem cell therapy, which has been under investigation for several years. However, treatment with stem cells comes with a number of drawbacks, for instance the source of these cells. Currently, a number of options are tested to produce stem cells, although the main issues of quantity and ethics remain for most of them. Over recent years, the potential of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has been widely investigated and these cells seem promising for production of numerous different tissues both in vitro and in vivo. One of the major advantages of iPSCs is that they can be made autologous and can provide a sufficient quantity of cells by culturing, making the use of other stem cell sources unnecessary. As the first descriptions of iPSC production with the transcription factors Sox2, Klf4, Oct4 and C-Myc, called the Yamanaka factors, a variety of methods has been developed to convert somatic cells from all germ layers to pluripotent stem cells. Improvement of these methods is necessary to increase the efficiency of reprogramming, the quality of pluripotency and the safety of these cells before use in human trials. This review focusses on the current accomplishments and remaining challenges in the production and use of iPSCs for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases of the brain such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. E. Pen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics; Aarhus University; Tjele Denmark
| | - U. B. Jensen
- Department of Clinical Genetics; Aarhus University Hospital; Skejby Denmark
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10
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Datta D, Kim KS. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) to Study and Treat Movement Disorders. Mov Disord 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-405195-9.00009-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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11
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Lorenzo IM, Fleischer A, Bachiller D. Generation of mouse and human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) from primary somatic cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2014; 9:435-50. [PMID: 23104133 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-012-9412-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cellular reprogramming consists of the conversion of differentiated cells into pluripotent cells; the so-called induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. iPSC are amenable to in vitro manipulation and, in theory, direct production of any differentiated cell type. Furthermore, iPSC can be obtained from sick individuals and subsequently used for disease modeling, drug discovery and regenerative treatments. iPSC production was first achieved by transducing, with the use of retroviral vectors, four specific transcription factors: Oct4, Klf4, Sox2 and c-Myc (OKSM), into primary cells in culture Takahashi and Yamanaka, (Cell 126(4):663-676, 2006). Many alternative protocols have since been proposed: repeated transfections of expression plasmids containing the four pluripotency-associated genes Okita et al. (Science 322(5903):949-953, 2008), lentiviral delivery of the four factors Sommer et al. (Stem Cells 27(3):543-549, 2009), Sendai virus delivery Fusaki et al. (Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Series B, Physical and Biological Sciences 85(8):348-362, 2009), removal of the reprogramming vectors by 'piggyBac' transposition Woltjen et al. (Nature 458(7239):766-770, 2009); Kaji et al. (Nature 458(7239):771-775, 2009), Cre-recombinase excisable viruses Soldner et al. (Cell 136(5):964-977, 2009), episomal vectors Yu et al. (Science 324(5928):797-801, 2009), cell-penetrating reprogramming proteins Zhou et al. (Stem Cells 4(5):381-384, 2009), mammalian artificial chromosomes Hiratsuka et al. (PLoS One 6(10):e25961, 2011) synthetically modified mRNAs Warren et al. (Scientific Reports 2:657, 2012), miRNA Anokye-Danso et al. (Cell Stem Cell 8(4):376-388, 2009); however, although some of these methods are commercially available, in general they still need to attain the reproducibility and reprogramming efficiency required for routine applications Mochiduki and Okita (Biotechnol Journal 7(6):789-797, 2012). Herein we explain, in four detailed protocols, the isolation of mouse and human somatic cells and their reprogramming into iPSC. All-encompassing instructions, not previously published in a single document, are provided for mouse and human iPSC colony isolation and derivation. Although mouse and human iPSC share similarities in the cellular reprogramming process and culture, both cell types need to be handled differently.
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Affiliation(s)
- I M Lorenzo
- Caubet-Cimera Foundation, Centre for Advanced Respiratory Medicine, Crta. Sóller Km12, 07110 Bunyola, Illes Balears, Mallorca, Spain
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12
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Yoshioka N, Gros E, Li HR, Kumar S, Deacon DC, Maron C, Muotri AR, Chi NC, Fu XD, Yu BD, Dowdy SF. Efficient generation of human iPSCs by a synthetic self-replicative RNA. Cell Stem Cell 2014; 13:246-54. [PMID: 23910086 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The generation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) holds great promise for the development of regenerative medicine therapies to treat a wide range of human diseases. However, the generation of iPSCs in the absence of integrative DNA vectors remains problematic. Here, we report a simple, highly reproducible RNA-based iPSC generation approach that utilizes a single, synthetic self-replicating VEE-RF RNA replicon that expresses four reprogramming factors (OCT4, KLF4, and SOX2, with c-MYC or GLIS1) at consistent high levels prior to regulated RNA degradation. A single VEE-RF RNA transfection into newborn or adult human fibroblasts resulted in efficient generation of iPSCs with all the hallmarks of stem cells, including cell surface markers, global gene expression profiles, and in vivo pluripotency, to differentiate into all three germ layers. The VEE-RF RNA-based approach has broad applicability for the generation of iPSCs for ultimate use in human stem cell therapies in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naohisa Yoshioka
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0686, USA
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13
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Shan ZY, Wu YS, Li X, Shen XH, Wang ZD, Liu ZH, Shen JL, Lei L. Continuous passages accelerate the reprogramming of mouse induced pluripotent stem cells. Cell Reprogram 2014; 16:77-83. [PMID: 24387163 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2013.0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are usually generated by reprogramming somatic cells through transduction with a transcription factor cocktail. However, the low efficiency of this procedure has kept iPSCs away from the study of the clinical application of stem cell biology. Our research shows that continuous passage increases the efficiency of reprogramming. Compared with conventional method of establishment of iPSCs, more embryonic stem cell (ESC)-like clones are generated by continuous passage during early reprogramming. These inchoate clones, indistinguishable from genuine ESC clones, are closer to fully reprogrammed cells compared with those derived from classical iPSC induction, which increased the expression of pluripotent gene markers and the levels of demethylation of Oct4 and Nanog. These results suggested that full reprogramming is a gradual process that does not merely end at the point of the activation of endogenous pluripotency-associated genes. Continuous passage could increase the pluripotency of induced cells and accelerate the process of reprogramming by epigenetic modification. In brief, we have provided an advanced strategy to accelerate the reprogramming and generate more nearly fully reprogrammed iPSCs efficiently and rapidly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-yan Shan
- 1 Department of Histology and Embryology, Harbin Medical University , China
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Wang L, Zhu H, Wu J, Li N, Hua J. Characterization of embryonic stem-like cells derived from HEK293T cells through miR302/367 expression and their potentiality to differentiate into germ-like cells. Cytotechnology 2013; 66:729-40. [PMID: 24091881 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-013-9639-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells have great value for regenerative medicine, but are facing problems of low efficiency. MicroRNAs are a recently discovered class of 19-25 nt small RNAs that negatively target mRNAs. miR302/367 cluster has been demonstrated to reprogram mouse and human somatic cells to iPS cells without exogenous transcription factors, however, the repetition and differentiation potentiality of miR302/367-induced pluripotent stem (mirPS) cells need to be improved. Here, we showed overexpression of miR302/367 cluster reprogrammed human embryonic kidney 293T cells into mirPS cells in serum-free N2B27-based medium. The mirPS cells had similar morphology with embryonic stem cells, and expressed pluripotent markers including Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and Nanog. In addition, through formation of embryoid bodies, various cells and tissues from three germ layers could be determined. Moreover, we examined the potential of mirPS cells differentiating into germ cells both in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, these data might provide a new source of cells and technique for the investigation of the mechanisms underlying reprogramming and pluripotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology of Agriculture Ministry of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
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15
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Siller R, Greenhough S, Park IH, Sullivan GJ. Modelling human disease with pluripotent stem cells. Curr Gene Ther 2013; 13:99-110. [PMID: 23444871 DOI: 10.2174/1566523211313020004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent progress in the field of cellular reprogramming has opened up the doors to a new era of disease modelling, as pluripotent stem cells representing a myriad of genetic diseases can now be produced from patient tissue. These cells can be expanded and differentiated to produce a potentially limitless supply of the affected cell type, which can then be used as a tool to improve understanding of disease mechanisms and test therapeutic interventions. This process requires high levels of scrutiny and validation at every stage, but international standards for the characterisation of pluripotent cells and their progeny have yet to be established. Here we discuss the current state of the art with regard to modelling diseases affecting the ectodermal, mesodermal and endodermal lineages, focussing on studies which have demonstrated a disease phenotype in the tissue of interest. We also discuss the utility of pluripotent cell technology for the modelling of cancer and infectious disease. Finally, we spell out the technical and scientific challenges which must be addressed if the field is to deliver on its potential and produce improved patient outcomes in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Siller
- Stem Cell Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo. PO Box 1112. Blindern. 0317 Oslo. Norway
| | - Sebastian Greenhough
- Stem Cell Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo. PO Box 1112. Blindern. 0317 Oslo. Norway
| | - In-Hyun Park
- Department of Genetics, Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, 10 Amistad, 201B, New Haven. CT. 06520. USA
| | - Gareth J Sullivan
- Stem Cell Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo. PO Box 1112. Blindern. 0317 Oslo. Norway.,Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research. PO Box 1112 Blindern. 0317 Oslo. Norway
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Futakuchi-Tsuchida A, Murry CE. Human myocardial grafts: do they meet all the criteria for true heart regeneration? Future Cardiol 2013; 9:151-4. [PMID: 23463965 DOI: 10.2217/fca.13.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Mooney BM, Raof NA, Li Y, Xie Y. Convergent mechanisms in pluripotent stem cells and cancer: Implications for stem cell engineering. Biotechnol J 2013; 8:408-19. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201200202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Revised: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Ho A, Nakatsuji N. Editorial: "crossing boundaries: stem cells, materials, and mesoscopic sciences". Biotechnol J 2012; 7:694-5. [PMID: 22653821 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201200156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
"Crossing Boundaries: Stem Cells, Materials, and Mesoscopic Sciences". This Special Issue, edited by Prof. Anthony Ho and Prof. Norio Nakatsuji, comprises review articles on the interdisciplinary study of stem cells and material science and is a celebration of the friendship and collaboration between Heidelberg University and Kyoto University in Germany and Japan, respectively.
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Nikoletopoulou V, Tavernarakis N. Embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cell differentiation as a tool in neurobiology. Biotechnol J 2012; 7:1156-68. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201200040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Revised: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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BiotecVisions 2012, July. Biotechnol J 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201200054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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