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Vaijayanthi T, Pandian GN, Sugiyama H. Chemical Control System of Epigenetics. CHEM REC 2018; 18:1833-1853. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201800067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thangavel Vaijayanthi
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceKyoto University Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Ganesh N. Pandian
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS)Kyoto University Yoshida-Ushinomaecho, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sugiyama
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceKyoto University Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS)Kyoto University Yoshida-Ushinomaecho, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
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Wu C, Wang W, Fang L, Su W. Programmable pyrrole-imidazole polyamides: A potent tool for DNA targeting. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2018.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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3
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Alagarswamy K, Shinohara KI, Takayanagi S, Fukuyo M, Okabe A, Rahmutulla B, Yoda N, Qin R, Shiga N, Sugiura M, Sato H, Kita K, Suzuki T, Nemoto T, Kaneda A. Region-specific alteration of histone modification by LSD1 inhibitor conjugated with pyrrole-imidazole polyamide. Oncotarget 2018; 9:29316-29335. [PMID: 30034620 PMCID: PMC6047668 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenome regulates gene expression to determine cell fate, and accumulation of epigenomic aberrations leads to diseases, including cancer. NCD38 inhibits lysine-specific demethylase-1 (LSD1), a histone demethylase targeting H3K4me1 and H3K4me2, but not H3K4me3. In this study, we conjugated NCD38 with a potent small molecule called pyrrole (Py) imidazole (Im) polyamide, to analyze whether targets of the inhibitor could be regulated in a sequence-specific manner. We synthesized two conjugates using β-Ala (β) as a linker, i.e., NCD38-β-β-Py-Py-Py-Py (NCD38-β2P4) recognizing WWWWWW sequence, and NCD38-β-β-Py-Im-Py-Py (NCD38-β2PIPP) recognizing WWCGWW sequence. When RKO cells were treated with NCD38, H3K4me2 levels increased in 103 regions with significant activation of nearby genes (P = 0.03), whereas H3K4me3 levels were not obviously increased. H3K27ac levels were also increased in 458 regions with significant activation of nearby genes (P = 3 × 10-10), and these activated regions frequently included GC-rich sequences, but less frequently included AT-rich sequences (P < 1 × 10-15) or WWCGWW sequences (P = 2 × 10-13). When treated with NCD38-β2P4, 234 regions showed increased H3K27ac levels with significant activation of nearby genes (P = 2 × 10-11), including significantly fewer GC-rich sequences (P < 1 × 10-15) and significantly more AT-rich sequences (P < 1 × 10-15) compared with NCD38 treatment. When treated with NCD38-β2PIPP, 82 regions showed increased H3K27ac levels, including significantly fewer GC-rich sequences (P = 1 × 10-11) and fewer AT-rich sequences (P = 0.005), but significantly more WWCGWW sequences (P = 0.0001) compared with NCD38 treatment. These indicated that target regions of epigenomic inhibitors could be modified in a sequence-specific manner and that conjugation of Py-Im polyamides may be useful for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ken-Ichi Shinohara
- Department of Molecular Oncology, School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shihori Takayanagi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masaki Fukuyo
- Department of Molecular Oncology, School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Atsushi Okabe
- Department of Molecular Oncology, School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Bahityar Rahmutulla
- Department of Molecular Oncology, School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Natsumi Yoda
- Department of Molecular Oncology, School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Rui Qin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naoki Shiga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sugiura
- Department of Molecular Oncology, School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Sato
- Department of Molecular Oncology, School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuko Kita
- Department of Molecular Oncology, School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiro Nemoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kaneda
- Department of Molecular Oncology, School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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4
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Pandian GN, Sugiyama H. Nature-Inspired Design of Smart Biomaterials Using the Chemical Biology of Nucleic Acids. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2016. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20160062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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5
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Han YW, Sugiyama H, Harada Y. The application of fluorescence-conjugated pyrrole/imidazole polyamides in the characterization of protein–DNA complex formation. Biomater Sci 2016; 4:391-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c5bm00214a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent conjugates of Py–Im polyamides are used as sequence-specific fluorescent probes and applied to the characterisation of protein–DNA complex dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Woon Han
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Materials Science (WPI-iCeMS)
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 606-8501
- Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sugiyama
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Materials Science (WPI-iCeMS)
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 606-8501
- Japan
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Yoshie Harada
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Materials Science (WPI-iCeMS)
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 606-8501
- Japan
- Graduate School of Biostudies
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Pandian GN, Sato S, Anandhakumar C, Taniguchi J, Takashima K, Syed J, Han L, Saha A, Bando T, Nagase H, Sugiyama H. Identification of a small molecule that turns ON the pluripotency gene circuitry in human fibroblasts. ACS Chem Biol 2014; 9:2729-36. [PMID: 25366962 DOI: 10.1021/cb500724t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A nontransgenic approach to reprogram mouse somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells using only small molecules got achieved to propose a potential clinical-friendly cellular reprogramming strategy. Consequently, the screening and identification of small molecules capable of inducing pluripotency genes in human cells are increasingly a focus of research. Because cellular reprogramming is multifactorial in nature, there is a need for versatile small molecules capable of modulating the complicated gene networks associated with pluripotency. We have developed a targeting small molecule called SAHA-PIP comprising the histone deacetylase inhibitor SAHA and the sequence-specific DNA binding pyrrole-imidazole polyamides for modulating distinct gene networks. Here, we report the identification of a SAHA-PIP termed Ì that could trigger genome-wide epigenetic reprogramming and turn ON the typically conserved core pluripotency gene network. Through independent lines of evidence, we report for the first time a synthetic small molecule inducer that target and activate the OCT-3/4 regulated pluripotency genes in human dermal fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh N. Pandian
- Institute
for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Sato
- Institute
for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Chandran Anandhakumar
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Junichi Taniguchi
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Takashima
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Junetha Syed
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Le Han
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor
Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | | | | | - Hiroki Nagase
- Division
of Cancer Genetics, Department of Advanced Medical Science, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
- Division
of Cancer Genetics, Chiba Cancer Center, Research Institute, 666-2
Nitona-cho, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 260-8717, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sugiyama
- Institute
for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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7
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Saha A, Pandian GN, Sato S, Taniguchi J, Kawamoto Y, Hashiya K, Bando T, Sugiyama H. Chemical Modification of a Synthetic Small Molecule Boosts Its Biological Efficacy against Pluripotency Genes in Mouse Fibroblasts. ChemMedChem 2014; 9:2374-80. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201402117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Taylor RD, Kawamoto Y, Hashiya K, Bando T, Sugiyama H. Sequence-Specific DNA Alkylation by Tandem Py-Im Polyamide Conjugates. Chem Asian J 2014; 9:2527-33. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201402331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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9
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Pandian GN, Taniguchi J, Sugiyama H. Cellular reprogramming for pancreatic β-cell regeneration: clinical potential of small molecule control. Clin Transl Med 2014; 3:6. [PMID: 24679123 PMCID: PMC3984496 DOI: 10.1186/2001-1326-3-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent scientific breakthroughs in stem cell biology suggest that a sustainable treatment approach to cure diabetes mellitus (DM) can be achieved in the near future. However, the transplantation complexities and the difficulty in obtaining the stem cells from adult cells of pancreas, liver, bone morrow and other cells is a major concern. The epoch-making strategy of transcription-factor based cellular reprogramming suggest that these barriers could be overcome, and it is possible to reprogram any cells into functional β cells. Contemporary biological and analytical techniques help us to predict the key transcription factors needed for β-cell regeneration. These β cell-specific transcription factors could be modulated with diverse reprogramming protocols. Among cellular reprogramming strategies, small molecule approach gets proclaimed to have better clinical prospects because it does not involve genetic manipulation. Several small molecules targeting certain epigenetic enzymes and/or signaling pathways have been successful in helping to induce pancreatic β-cell specification. Recently, a synthetic DNA-based small molecule triggered targeted transcriptional activation of pancreas-related genes to suggest the possibility of achieving desired cellular phenotype in a precise mode. Here, we give a brief overview of treating DM by regenerating pancreatic β-cells from various cell sources. Through a comprehensive overview of the available transcription factors, small molecules and reprogramming strategies available for pancreatic β-cell regeneration, this review compiles the current progress made towards the generation of clinically relevant insulin-producing β-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hiroshi Sugiyama
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
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Distinct DNA-based epigenetic switches trigger transcriptional activation of silent genes in human dermal fibroblasts. Sci Rep 2014; 4:3843. [PMID: 24457603 PMCID: PMC3900999 DOI: 10.1038/srep03843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The influential role of the epigenome in orchestrating genome-wide transcriptional activation instigates the demand for the artificial genetic switches with distinct DNA sequence recognition. Recently, we developed a novel class of epigenetically active small molecules called SAHA-PIPs by conjugating selective DNA binding pyrrole-imidazole polyamides (PIPs) with the histone deacetylase inhibitor SAHA. Screening studies revealed that certain SAHA-PIPs trigger targeted transcriptional activation of pluripotency and germ cell genes in mouse and human fibroblasts, respectively. Through microarray studies and functional analysis, here we demonstrate for the first time the remarkable ability of thirty-two different SAHA-PIPs to trigger the transcriptional activation of exclusive clusters of genes and noncoding RNAs. QRT-PCR validated the microarray data, and some SAHA-PIPs activated therapeutically significant genes like KSR2. Based on the aforementioned results, we propose the potential use of SAHA-PIPs as reagents capable of targeted transcriptional activation.
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Pandian GN, Taylor RD, Junetha S, Saha A, Anandhakumar C, Vaijayanthi T, Sugiyama H. Alteration of epigenetic program to recover memory and alleviate neurodegeneration: prospects of multi-target molecules. Biomater Sci 2014; 2:1043-1056. [DOI: 10.1039/c4bm00068d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Next-generation sequence-specific small molecules modulating the epigenetic enzymes (DNMT/HDAC) and signalling factors can precisely turn ‘ON’ the multi-gene network in a neural cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh N. Pandian
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS)
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Rhys D. Taylor
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Syed Junetha
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Abhijit Saha
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Chandran Anandhakumar
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Thangavel Vaijayanthi
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sugiyama
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS)
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
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Taylor RD, Asamitsu S, Takenaka T, Yamamoto M, Hashiya K, Kawamoto Y, Bando T, Nagase H, Sugiyama H. Sequence-Specific DNA Alkylation Targeting for Kras Codon 13 Mutation by Pyrrole-Imidazole Polyamideseco-CBI Conjugates. Chemistry 2013; 20:1310-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201303295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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13
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Wu YL, Pandian G, Ding YP, Zhang W, Tanaka Y, Sugiyama H. Clinical Grade iPS Cells: Need for Versatile Small Molecules and Optimal Cell Sources. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 20:1311-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2013.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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14
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Han L, Pandian GN, Junetha S, Sato S, Anandhakumar C, Taniguchi J, Saha A, Bando T, Nagase H, Sugiyama H. A synthetic small molecule for targeted transcriptional activation of germ cell genes in a human somatic cell. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:13410-3. [PMID: 24136857 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201306766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Le Han
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 (Japan); Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai, 200237 (China)
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Han L, Pandian GN, Junetha S, Sato S, Anandhakumar C, Taniguchi J, Saha A, Bando T, Nagase H, Sugiyama H. A Synthetic Small Molecule for Targeted Transcriptional Activation of Germ Cell Genes in a Human Somatic Cell. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201306766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Masuda S, Wu J, Hishida T, Pandian GN, Sugiyama H, Izpisua Belmonte JC. Chemically induced pluripotent stem cells (CiPSCs): a transgene-free approach. J Mol Cell Biol 2013; 5:354-5. [DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjt034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Effect of single pyrrole replacement with β-alanine on DNA binding affinity and sequence specificity of hairpin pyrrole/imidazole polyamides targeting 5′-GCGC-3′. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:5436-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Saha A, Pandian GN, Sato S, Taniguchi J, Hashiya K, Bando T, Sugiyama H. Synthesis and biological evaluation of a targeted DNA-binding transcriptional activator with HDAC8 inhibitory activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:4201-9. [PMID: 23719282 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Development of multifunctional transcriptional activators is of increasing importance as they could trigger complicated gene networks. Recently, we developed a differential gene activating multifunctional small molecule SAHA-PIP (Sδ) by conjugating a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, SAHA, to a selective DNA-binding pyrrole-imidazole polyamide (PIP). Epigenetic activity of Sδ was attributed to the active metal-binding (-NHOH) domain of SAHA. We synthesized a derivative of Sδ, called Jδ to evaluate the role of surface recognition domain (-phenyl) of SAHA in Sδ-mediated transcriptional activation. In vitro studies revealed that Jδ displayed potent inhibitory activity against HDAC8. Jδ retained the pluripotency gene-inducing ability of Sδ when used alone and in combination with Sδ; a notable increase in the pluripotency gene expression was observed. Interestingly, Jδ significantly induced the expression of HDAC8-controlled Otx2 and Lhx1. Our results suggest that the epigenetic activity of our multifunctional molecule could be altered to improve its efficiency as a transcriptional activator for intricate gene network(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Saha
- Department of Science, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Mooney BM, Raof NA, Li Y, Xie Y. Convergent mechanisms in pluripotent stem cells and cancer: Implications for stem cell engineering. Biotechnol J 2013; 8:408-19. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201200202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Revised: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Pandian GN, Sugiyama H. Strategies to modulate heritable epigenetic defects in cellular machinery: lessons from nature. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2012; 6:1-24. [PMID: 24275784 PMCID: PMC3816674 DOI: 10.3390/ph6010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Revised: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural epigenetic processes precisely orchestrate the intricate gene network by expressing and suppressing genes at the right place and time, thereby playing an essential role in maintaining the cellular homeostasis. Environment-mediated alteration of this natural epigenomic pattern causes abnormal cell behavior and shifts the cell from the normal to a diseased state, leading to certain cancers and neurodegenerative disorders. Unlike heritable diseases that are caused by the irreversible mutations in DNA, epigenetic errors can be reversed. Inheritance of epigenetic memory is also a major concern in the clinical translation of the Nobel Prize-winning discovery of induced pluripotent stem cell technology. Consequently, there is an increasing interest in the development of novel epigenetic switch-based therapeutic strategies that could potentially restore the heritable changes in epigenetically inherited disorders. Here we give a comprehensive overview of epigenetic inheritance and suggest the prospects of therapeutic gene modulation using epigenetic-based drugs, in particular histone deacetylase inhibitors. This review suggests that there is a need to develop therapeutic strategies that effectively mimic the natural environment and include the ways to modulate the gene expression at both the genetic and epigenetic levels. The development of tailor-made small molecules that could epigenetically alter DNA in a sequence-specific manner is a promising approach for restoring defects in an altered epigenome and may offer a sustainable solution to some unresolved clinical issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh N Pandian
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
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Design of a new fluorescent probe: pyrrole/imidazole hairpin polyamides with pyrene conjugation at their γ-turn. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 21:852-5. [PMID: 23313608 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Revised: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Fluorophores that are conjugated with N-methylpyrrole-N-methylimidazole (Py-Im) polyamides postulates versatile applications in biological and physicochemical studies. Here, we show the design and synthesis of new types of pyrene-conjugated hairpin Py-Im polyamides (1-5). We evaluated the steady state fluorescence of the synthesized conjugates (1-5) in the presence and absence of oligodeoxynucleotides 5'-CGTATGGACTCGG-3' (ODN 1) and 5'-CCGAGTCCATACG-3' (ODN 2) and observed a distinct increase in emission at 386nm with conjugates 4 and 5. Notably, conjugate 5 that contains a β-alanine linker had a stronger binding affinity (K(D)=1.73×10(-8)M) than that of conjugate 4 (K(D)=1.74×10(-6)M). Our data suggests that Py-Im polyamides containing pyrene fluorophore with a β-alanine linker at the γ-turn NH(2) position can be developed as the competent fluorescent DNA-binding probes.
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Ho A, Nakatsuji N. Editorial: "crossing boundaries: stem cells, materials, and mesoscopic sciences". Biotechnol J 2012; 7:694-5. [PMID: 22653821 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201200156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
"Crossing Boundaries: Stem Cells, Materials, and Mesoscopic Sciences". This Special Issue, edited by Prof. Anthony Ho and Prof. Norio Nakatsuji, comprises review articles on the interdisciplinary study of stem cells and material science and is a celebration of the friendship and collaboration between Heidelberg University and Kyoto University in Germany and Japan, respectively.
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Vaijayanthi T, Bando T, Pandian GN, Sugiyama H. Progress and prospects of pyrrole-imidazole polyamide-fluorophore conjugates as sequence-selective DNA probes. Chembiochem 2012; 13:2170-85. [PMID: 23023993 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201200451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the versatility of N-methylpyrrole (Py)-N-methylimidazole (Im) polyamide conjugates, which have been developed from the DNA-binding antibiotics distamycin A and netropsin, has been shown. These synthetic small molecules can permeate cells to bind with duplex DNA in a sequence-specific manner, and hence can influence gene expression in vivo. Accordingly, several reports demonstrating the sequence specificity and biological activity of Py-Im polyamides have accumulated. However, the benefits of Py-Im polyamides, in particular those conjugated with fluorophores, has been overlooked. Moreover, clear directions for the employment of these attractive artificial small molecules have not yet been shown. Here, we present a detailed overview of the current and prospective applications of Py-Im polyamide-fluorophore conjugates, including sequence-specific recognition with fluorescence emission properties, and their potential roles in biological imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thangavel Vaijayanthi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa oiwakecho, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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Nikoletopoulou V, Tavernarakis N. Embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cell differentiation as a tool in neurobiology. Biotechnol J 2012; 7:1156-68. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201200040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Revised: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Pandian GN, Nakano Y, Sato S, Morinaga H, Bando T, Nagase H, Sugiyama H. A synthetic small molecule for rapid induction of multiple pluripotency genes in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Sci Rep 2012; 2:544. [PMID: 22848790 PMCID: PMC3408130 DOI: 10.1038/srep00544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular reprogramming involves profound alterations in genome-wide gene expression that is precisely controlled by a hypothetical epigenetic code. Small molecules have been shown to artificially induce epigenetic modifications in a sequence independent manner. Recently, we showed that specific DNA binding hairpin pyrrole-imidazole polyamides (PIPs) could be conjugated with chromatin modifying histone deacetylase inhibitors like SAHA to epigenetically activate certain pluripotent genes in mouse fibroblasts. In our steadfast progress to improve the efficiency of SAHA-PIPs, we identified a novel compound termed, δ that could dramatically induce the endogenous expression of Oct-3/4 and Nanog. Genome-wide gene analysis suggests that in just 24 h and at nM concentration, δ induced multiple pluripotency-associated genes including Rex1 and Cdh1 by more than ten-fold. δ treated MEFs also rapidly overcame the rate-limiting step of epithelial transition in cellular reprogramming by switching “” the complex transcriptional gene network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh N Pandian
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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