1
|
Guajardo N. Immobilization of Lipases Using Poly(vinyl) Alcohol. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15092021. [PMID: 37177168 PMCID: PMC10181104 DOI: 10.3390/polym15092021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipases are very versatile enzymes because they catalyze various hydrolysis and synthesis reactions in a chemo-, regio-, and stereoselective manner. From a practical point of view, immobilization allows the recovery and stabilization of the biocatalyst for its application in different types of bioreactors. Among the various support options for immobilizing lipases is polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), which, when functionalized or combined with other materials, provides different characteristics and properties to the biocatalyst. This review analyzes the multiple possibilities that PVA offers as a material to immobilize lipases when combined with alginate, chitosan, and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), incorporating magnetic properties together with the formation of fibers and microspheres. The articles analyzed in this review were selected using the Scopus database in a range of years from 1999 to 2023, finding a total of 42 articles. The need to expand knowledge in this area is due to the great versatility and scaling possibilities that PVA has as a support for lipase immobilization and its application in different bioreactor configurations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Guajardo
- Programa Institucional de Fomento a la Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Santiago 8940000, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bolivar JM, Woodley JM, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Is enzyme immobilization a mature discipline? Some critical considerations to capitalize on the benefits of immobilization. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:6251-6290. [PMID: 35838107 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00083k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme immobilization has been developing since the 1960s and although many industrial biocatalytic processes use the technology to improve enzyme performance, still today we are far from full exploitation of the field. One clear reason is that many evaluate immobilization based on only a few experiments that are not always well-designed. In contrast to many other reviews on the subject, here we highlight the pitfalls of using incorrectly designed immobilization protocols and explain why in many cases sub-optimal results are obtained. We also describe solutions to overcome these challenges and come to the conclusion that recent developments in material science, bioprocess engineering and protein science continue to open new opportunities for the future. In this way, enzyme immobilization, far from being a mature discipline, remains as a subject of high interest and where intense research is still necessary to take full advantage of the possibilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Bolivar
- FQPIMA group, Chemical and Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - John M Woodley
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente
- Departamento de Biocatálisis. ICP-CSIC, C/Marie Curie 2, Campus UAM-CSIC Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain. .,Center of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, External Scientific Advisory Academic, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yu D, Wang N, Gong Y, Wu Z, Wang W, Wang L, Wu F, Jiang L. Screening of active sites and study on immobilization of Bacillus cereus phospholipase C. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
4
|
Encapsulation of Combi-CLEAs of Glycosidases in Alginate Beads and Polyvinyl Alcohol for Wine Aroma Enhancement. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11070866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The aromatic expression of wines can be enhanced by the addition of specific glycosidases, although their poor stability remains a limitation. Coimmobilization of glycosidases as cross-linked enzyme aggregates (combi-CLEAs) offers a simple solution yielding highly stable biocatalysts. Nevertheless, the small particle size of combi-CLEAs hinders their recovery, preventing their industrial application. Encapsulation of combi-CLEAs of glycosidases in alginate beads and in polyvinyl alcohol is proposed as a solution. Combi-CLEAS of β-d-glucosidase and α-l-arabinofuranosidase were prepared and encapsulated. The effects of combi-CLEA loading and particle size on the expressed specific activity (IU/gbiocatalyst) of the biocatalysts were evaluated. Best results were obtained with 2.6 mm diameter polyvinyl alcohol particles at a loading of 60 mgcombi-CLEA/gpolyvinyl alcohol, exhibiting activities of 1.9 and 1.0 IU/gbiocatalyst for β-d-glucosidase and α-l-arabinofuranosidase, respectively. Afterwards, the stability of the biocatalysts was tested in white wine. All the encapsulated biocatalysts retained full activity after 140 incubation days, outperforming both free enzymes and nonencapsulated combi-CLEAs. Nevertheless, the alginate-encapsulated biocatalysts showed a brittle consistency, making recovery unfeasible. Conversely, the polyvinyl-encapsulated biocatalyst remained intact throughout the assay. The encapsulation of combi-CLEAs in polyvinyl alcohol proved to be a simple methodology that allows their recovery and reuse to harness their full catalytic potential.
Collapse
|
6
|
Yang X, Chen Y, Yao S, Qian J, Guo H, Cai X. Preparation of immobilized lipase on magnetic nanoparticles dialdehyde starch. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 218:324-332. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
7
|
Yang SY, Choi TR, Jung HR, Park YL, Han YH, Song HS, Bhatia SK, Park K, Ahn JO, Jeon WY, Kim JS, Yang YH. Production of glutaric acid from 5-aminovaleric acid by robust whole-cell immobilized with polyvinyl alcohol and polyethylene glycol. Enzyme Microb Technol 2019; 128:72-78. [PMID: 31186113 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Glutaric acid is an attractive C5 dicarboxylic acid with wide applications in the biochemical industry. Glutaric acid can be produced by fermentation and bioconversion, and several of its biosynthesis pathways have been well characterized, especially the simple pathway involving glutaric acid from l-lysine using 5-aminovaleric acid. We previously reported the production of glutaric acid using 5-aminovaleric acid and α-ketoglutaric acid by a whole-cell reaction, resulting in a high conversion yield. In this study, we sought to enhance the stability and reusability of this whole-cell system for realizing the efficient production of glutaric acid under harsh reaction conditions. To this end, various matrices were screened to immobilize Escherichia coli whole-cell overexpressing 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase (GabT), succinate semi-aldehyde dehydrogenase (GabD), and NAD(P)H oxidase (NOX). We ultimately selected a PVA-PEG gel (LentiKats®) for cell entrapment, and several factors of the reaction were optimized. The optimal temperature and pH were 35 °C and 8.5, respectively. Treatment with Tween 80 as a surfactant, as well as additional NOX, was found to be effective. Under the optimized conditions, an immobilized cell retained 55% of its initial activity even after the eighth cycle, achieving 995.2 mM accumulated glutaric acid, whereas free cell lost most of their activity after only two cycles. This optimized whole-cell system can be used in the large-scale production of glutaric acid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Yeon Yang
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Rim Choi
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Rim Jung
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye-Lim Park
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong-Hoon Han
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun-Suk Song
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Shashi Kant Bhatia
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; Institute for Ubiquitous Information Technology and Applications, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungmoon Park
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong Ro 2639, Jochiwon, Sejong City, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Oh Ahn
- Biotechnology Process Engineering Center, Korea Research Institute Bioscience Biotechnology (KRIBB), Gwahangno, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Young Jeon
- Biotechnology Process Engineering Center, Korea Research Institute Bioscience Biotechnology (KRIBB), Gwahangno, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Seok Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung-Hun Yang
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; Institute for Ubiquitous Information Technology and Applications, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dvorak P, Bidmanova S, Damborsky J, Prokop Z. Immobilized synthetic pathway for biodegradation of toxic recalcitrant pollutant 1,2,3-trichloropropane. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:6859-6866. [PMID: 24787668 DOI: 10.1021/es500396r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The anthropogenic compound 1,2,3-trichloropropane (TCP) has recently drawn attention as an emerging groundwater contaminant. No living organism, natural or engineered, is capable of the efficient aerobic utilization of this toxic industrial waste product. We describe a novel biotechnology for transforming TCP based on an immobilized synthetic pathway. The pathway is composed of three enzymes from two different microorganisms: engineered haloalkane dehalogenase from Rhodococcus rhodochrous NCIMB 13064, and haloalcohol dehalogenase and epoxide hydrolase from Agrobacterium radiobacter AD1. Together, they catalyze consecutive reactions converting toxic TCP to harmless glycerol. The pathway was immobilized in the form of purified enzymes or cell-free extracts, and its performance was tested in batch and continuous systems. Using a packed bed reactor filled with the immobilized biocatalysts, 52.6 mmol of TCP was continuously converted into glycerol within 2.5 months of operation. The efficiency of the TCP conversion to the intermediates was 97%, and the efficiency of conversion to the final product glycerol was 78% during the operational period. Immobilized biocatalysts are suitable for removing TCP from contaminated water up to a 10 mM solubility limit, which is an order of magnitude higher than the concentration tolerated by living microorganisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Dvorak
- Loschmidt Laboratories, Department of Experimental Biology and Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University , Kamenice 5/A13, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|