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Gemble S, Basto R. CHRONOCRISIS: When Cell Cycle Asynchrony Generates DNA Damage in Polyploid Cells. Bioessays 2020; 42:e2000105. [PMID: 32885500 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202000105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Polyploid cells contain multiple copies of all chromosomes. Polyploidization can be developmentally programmed to sustain tissue barrier function or to increase metabolic potential and cell size. Programmed polyploidy is normally associated with terminal differentiation and poor proliferation capacity. Conversely, non-programmed polyploidy can give rise to cells that retain the ability to proliferate. This can fuel rapid genome rearrangements and lead to diseases like cancer. Here, the mechanisms that generate polyploidy are reviewed and the possible challenges upon polyploid cell division are discussed. The discussion is framed around a recent study showing that asynchronous cell cycle progression (an event that is named "chronocrisis") of different nuclei from a polyploid cell can generate DNA damage at mitotic entry. The potential mechanisms explaining how mitosis in non-programmed polyploid cells can generate abnormal karyotypes and genetic instability are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Gemble
- Biology of Centrosomes and Genetic Instability Lab, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR144, 12 rue Lhomond, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Renata Basto
- Biology of Centrosomes and Genetic Instability Lab, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR144, 12 rue Lhomond, Paris, 75005, France
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Debatisse M, Rosselli F. A journey with common fragile sites: From S phase to telophase. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2018; 58:305-316. [PMID: 30387289 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Some regions of the genome, notably common fragile sites (CFSs), are hypersensitive to replication stress and often involved in the generation of gross chromosome rearrangements in cancer cells. CFSs nest within very large genes and display cell-type-dependent instability. Fragile or not, large genes tend to replicate late in S-phase. A number of data now show that transcription perturbs replication completion across the body of large genes, particularly upon replication stress. However, the molecular mechanisms by which transcription elicits such under-replication and subsequent instability remain unclear. We present here our view of the mechanisms responsible for CFS under-replication and those allowing the cells to cope with this problem in G2 and mitosis. We notably focus on the major role played by the FANC proteins in the protection of CFSs from S phase up to late mitosis. We finally discuss a possible rationale for the conservation of large genes across vertebrate evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Debatisse
- CNRS UMR 8200, Equipe labellisée "La ligue Contre le Cancer", Villejuif, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France.,Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
| | - Filippo Rosselli
- CNRS UMR 8200, Equipe labellisée "La ligue Contre le Cancer", Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris Saclay - Paris Sud, Orsay, France
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Bertolin G, Sizaire F, Herbomel G, Reboutier D, Prigent C, Tramier M. A FRET biosensor reveals spatiotemporal activation and functions of aurora kinase A in living cells. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12674. [PMID: 27624869 PMCID: PMC5027284 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of AURKA is a major hallmark of epithelial cancers. It encodes the multifunctional serine/threonine kinase aurora A, which is activated at metaphase and is required for cell cycle progression; assessing its activation in living cells is mandatory for next-generation drug design. We describe here a Förster's resonance energy transfer (FRET) biosensor detecting the conformational changes of aurora kinase A induced by its autophosphorylation on Thr288. The biosensor functionally replaces the endogenous kinase in cells and allows the activation of the kinase to be followed throughout the cell cycle. Inhibiting the catalytic activity of the kinase prevents the conformational changes of the biosensor. Using this approach, we discover that aurora kinase A activates during G1 to regulate the stability of microtubules in cooperation with TPX2 and CEP192. These results demonstrate that the aurora kinase A biosensor is a powerful tool to identify new regulatory pathways controlling aurora kinase A activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Bertolin
- CNRS, UMR 6290, Rennes 35043, France
- Université de Rennes 1, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Rennes 35043, France
| | - Florian Sizaire
- CNRS, UMR 6290, Rennes 35043, France
- Université de Rennes 1, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Rennes 35043, France
| | - Gaëtan Herbomel
- CNRS, UMR 6290, Rennes 35043, France
- Université de Rennes 1, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Rennes 35043, France
| | - David Reboutier
- CNRS, UMR 6290, Rennes 35043, France
- Université de Rennes 1, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Rennes 35043, France
- Equipe labéllisée Ligue Contre Le Cancer 2014–2016, Rennes 35043, France
| | - Claude Prigent
- CNRS, UMR 6290, Rennes 35043, France
- Université de Rennes 1, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Rennes 35043, France
- Equipe labéllisée Ligue Contre Le Cancer 2014–2016, Rennes 35043, France
| | - Marc Tramier
- CNRS, UMR 6290, Rennes 35043, France
- Université de Rennes 1, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Rennes 35043, France
- Microscopy Rennes Imaging Centre, Biosit, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes 35043, France
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Abstract
This special issue of Biotechnology Journal on fluorescent biosensors is edited by Dr. May Morris and Prof. Marc Blondel.
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Affiliation(s)
- May C Morris
- Cell Cycle Biosensors & Inhibitors, Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM) - UMR5247, Faculté de Pharmacie, Montpellier, France, E-mail: .
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