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Demurtas OC, Sulli M, Ferrante P, Mini P, Martí M, Aragonés V, Daròs JA, Giuliano G. Production of Saffron Apocarotenoids in Nicotiana benthamiana Plants Genome-Edited to Accumulate Zeaxanthin Precursor. Metabolites 2023; 13:729. [PMID: 37367887 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13060729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Crocins are glycosylated apocarotenoids with strong coloring power and anti-oxidant, anticancer, and neuro-protective properties. We previously dissected the saffron crocin biosynthesis pathway, and demonstrated that the CsCCD2 enzyme, catalyzing the carotenoid cleavage step, shows a strong preference for the xanthophyll zeaxanthin in vitro and in bacterio. In order to investigate substrate specificity in planta and to establish a plant-based bio-factory system for crocin production, we compared wild-type Nicotiana benthamiana plants, accumulating various xanthophylls together with α- and β-carotene, with genome-edited lines, in which all the xanthophylls normally accumulated in leaves were replaced by a single xanthophyll, zeaxanthin. These plants were used as chassis for the production in leaves of saffron apocarotenoids (crocins, picrocrocin) using two transient expression methods to overexpress CsCCD2: agroinfiltration and inoculation with a viral vector derived from tobacco etch virus (TEV). The results indicated the superior performance of the zeaxanthin-accumulating line and of the use of the viral vector to express CsCCD2. The results also suggested a relaxed substrate specificity of CsCCD2 in planta, cleaving additional carotenoid substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Costantina Demurtas
- Biotechnology and Agro-Industry Division, ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Casaccia Research Center, 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Sulli
- Biotechnology and Agro-Industry Division, ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Casaccia Research Center, 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Ferrante
- Biotechnology and Agro-Industry Division, ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Casaccia Research Center, 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Mini
- Biotechnology and Agro-Industry Division, ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Casaccia Research Center, 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Maricarmen Martí
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Verónica Aragonés
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - José-Antonio Daròs
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Giovanni Giuliano
- Biotechnology and Agro-Industry Division, ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Casaccia Research Center, 00123 Rome, Italy
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2
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Debnath S, Seth D, Pramanik S, Adhikari S, Mondal P, Sherpa D, Sen D, Mukherjee D, Mukerjee N. A comprehensive review and meta-analysis of recent advances in biotechnology for plant virus research and significant accomplishments in human health and the pharmaceutical industry. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2022:1-33. [PMID: 36063068 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2022.2116309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Secondary metabolites made by plants and used through their metabolic routes are today's most reliable and cost-effective way to make pharmaceuticals and improve health. The concept of genetic engineering is used for molecular pharming. As more people use plants as sources of nanotechnology systems, they are adding to this. These systems are made up of viruses-like particles (VLPs) and virus nanoparticles (VNPs). Due to their superior ability to be used as plant virus expression vectors, plant viruses are becoming more popular in pharmaceuticals. This has opened the door for them to be used in research, such as the production of medicinal peptides, antibodies, and other heterologous protein complexes. This is because biotechnological approaches have been linked with new bioinformatics tools. Because of the rise of high-throughput sequencing (HTS) and next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques, it has become easier to use metagenomic studies to look for plant virus genomes that could be used in pharmaceutical research. A look at how bioinformatics can be used in pharmaceutical research is also covered in this article. It also talks about plant viruses and how new biotechnological tools and procedures have made progress in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Debnath
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Palli Siksha Bhavana (Institute of Agriculture), Visva-Bharati University, Sriniketan, West Bengal, India
| | - Dibyendu Seth
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Palli Siksha Bhavana (Institute of Agriculture), Visva-Bharati University, Sriniketan, West Bengal, India
| | - Sourish Pramanik
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Palli Siksha Bhavana (Institute of Agriculture), Visva-Bharati University, Sriniketan, West Bengal, India
| | - Sanchari Adhikari
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Palli Siksha Bhavana (Institute of Agriculture), Visva-Bharati University, Sriniketan, West Bengal, India
| | - Parimita Mondal
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Palli Siksha Bhavana (Institute of Agriculture), Visva-Bharati University, Sriniketan, West Bengal, India
| | - Dechen Sherpa
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Palli Siksha Bhavana (Institute of Agriculture), Visva-Bharati University, Sriniketan, West Bengal, India
| | - Deepjyoti Sen
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Palli Siksha Bhavana (Institute of Agriculture), Visva-Bharati University, Sriniketan, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Nobendu Mukerjee
- Department of Microbiology, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary College, Kolkata, India
- Department of Health Sciences, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebarsham, Australia
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3
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Plum Pox Virus Genome-Based Vector Enables the Expression of Different Heterologous Polypeptides in Nicotiana benthamiana Plants. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10081526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant viral vectors have become a promising tool for the rapid and cost-effective production of recombinant proteins in plants. Among the numerous genera of viruses that have been used for heterologous expression, potyviruses offer several advantages, such as polyprotein expression strategy or a broad host range. In our work, the expression vectors pAD/pAD-agro based on the plum pox virus (PPV) genome were used for the heterologous expression of different foreign polypeptides: alfalfa mosaic virus capsid protein (AMV CP), zucchini yellow mosaic virus capsid protein (ZYMV CP), the small heat-shock protein of Cronobacter sakazakii fused with hexahistidine (sHSP-his), a fragment of influenza A virus hemagglutinin (HA2-2), influenza A virus protein PB1-F2, SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (CoN2-his), and its N- and C-terminal fragments (CoN-1-his and CoN3-his, respectively), each fused with a hexahistidine anchor. Particular proteins differed in their accumulation, tissue localization, stability, and solubility. The accumulation rate of produced polypeptides varied from low (N, hemagglutinin fragment) to relatively high (plant viral CPs, N-terminal fragment of N, PB1-F2). Some proteins preferentially accumulated in roots (sHSP, hemagglutinin fragment, PB1-F2), showing signs of proteolytic degradation in leaf tissues. Thus, each expression requires an individual approach and optimization. Here, we summarize our several-year experiments and discuss the usefulness of the pAD/pADep vector system.
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Aragonés V, Aliaga F, Pasin F, Daròs JA. Simplifying plant gene silencing and genome editing logistics by a one-Agrobacterium system for simultaneous delivery of multipartite virus vectors. Biotechnol J 2022; 17:e2100504. [PMID: 35332696 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202100504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Viral vectors provide a quick and effective way to express exogenous sequences in eukaryotic cells and to engineer eukaryotic genomes through the delivery of CRISPR/Cas components. Here, we present JoinTRV, an improved vector system based on tobacco rattle virus (TRV) that simplifies gene silencing and genome editing logistics. Our system consists of two mini T-DNA vectors from which TRV RNA1 (pLX-TRV1) and an engineered version of TRV RNA2 (pLX-TRV2) are expressed. The two vectors have compatible origins that allow their cotransformation and maintenance into a single Agrobacterium cell, as well as their simultaneous delivery to plants by a one-Agrobacterium/two-vector approach. The JoinTRV vectors are substantially smaller than those of any known TRV vector system, and pLX-TRV2 can be easily customized to express desired sequences by one-step digestion-ligation and homology-based cloning. The system was successfully used in Nicotiana benthamiana for launching TRV infection, for recombinant protein production, as well as for robust virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of endogenous transcripts using bacterial suspensions at low optical densities. JoinTRV-mediated delivery of single-guide RNAs in a Cas9 transgenic host allowed somatic cell editing efficiencies of ≈90%; editing events were heritable and >50% of the progeny seedlings showed mutations at the targeted loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Aragonés
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universitat Politècnica de València), Valencia, Spain
| | - Flavio Aliaga
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universitat Politècnica de València), Valencia, Spain
- Dirección de Desarrollo Tecnológico Agrario, Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA), Lima, Peru
- Centro Experimental La Molina (CELM), Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA), Lima, Peru
| | - Fabio Pasin
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universitat Politècnica de València), Valencia, Spain
- School of Science, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - José-Antonio Daròs
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universitat Politècnica de València), Valencia, Spain
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Martí M, Merwaiss F, Butković A, Daròs JA. Production of Potyvirus-Derived Nanoparticles Decorated with a Nanobody in Biofactory Plants. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:877363. [PMID: 35433643 PMCID: PMC9008781 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.877363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral nanoparticles (VNPs) have recently attracted attention for their use as building blocks for novel materials to support a range of functions of potential interest in nanotechnology and medicine. Viral capsids are ideal for presenting small epitopes by inserting them at an appropriate site on the selected coat protein (CP). VNPs presenting antibodies on their surfaces are considered highly promising tools for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. Due to their size, nanobodies are an interesting alternative to classic antibodies for surface presentation. Nanobodies are the variable domains of heavy-chain (VHH) antibodies from animals belonging to the family Camelidae, which have several properties that make them attractive therapeutic molecules, such as their small size, simple structure, and high affinity and specificity. In this work, we have produced genetically encoded VNPs derived from two different potyviruses—the largest group of RNA viruses that infect plants—decorated with nanobodies. We have created a VNP derived from zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) decorated with a nanobody against the green fluorescent protein (GFP) in zucchini (Cucurbita pepo) plants. As reported for other viruses, the expression of ZYMV-derived VNPs decorated with this nanobody was only made possible by including a picornavirus 2A splicing peptide between the fused proteins, which resulted in a mixed population of unmodified and decorated CPs. We have also produced tobacco etch virus (TEV)-derived VNPs in Nicotiana benthamiana plants decorated with the same nanobody against GFP. Strikingly, in this case, VNPs could be assembled by direct fusion of the nanobody to the viral CP with no 2A splicing involved, likely resulting in fully decorated VNPs. For both expression systems, correct assembly and purification of the recombinant VNPs was confirmed by transmission electron microscope; the functionality of the CP-fused nanobody was assessed by western blot and binding assays. In sum, here we report the production of genetically encoded plant-derived VNPs decorated with a nanobody. This system may be an attractive alternative for the sustainable production in plants of nanobody-containing nanomaterials for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
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Pasin F, Daròs JA, Tzanetakis IE. OUP accepted manuscript. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2022; 46:6534904. [PMID: 35195244 PMCID: PMC9249622 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuac011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Potyviridae, the largest family of known RNA viruses (realm Riboviria), belongs to the picorna-like supergroup and has important agricultural and ecological impacts. Potyvirid genomes are translated into polyproteins, which are in turn hydrolyzed to release mature products. Recent sequencing efforts revealed an unprecedented number of potyvirids with a rich variability in gene content and genomic layouts. Here, we review the heterogeneity of non-core modules that expand the structural and functional diversity of the potyvirid proteomes. We provide a family-wide classification of P1 proteinases into the functional Types A and B, and discuss pretty interesting sweet potato potyviral ORF (PISPO), putative zinc fingers, and alkylation B (AlkB)—non-core modules found within P1 cistrons. The atypical inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase (ITPase/HAM1), as well as the pseudo tobacco mosaic virus-like coat protein (TMV-like CP) are discussed alongside homologs of unrelated virus taxa. Family-wide abundance of the multitasking helper component proteinase (HC-pro) is revised. Functional connections between non-core modules are highlighted to support host niche adaptation and immune evasion as main drivers of the Potyviridae evolutionary radiation. Potential biotechnological and synthetic biology applications of potyvirid leader proteinases and non-core modules are finally explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Pasin
- Corresponding author: Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universitat Politècnica de València (CSIC-UPV), UPV Building 8E, Ingeniero Fausto Elio, 46011 Valencia, Spain. E-mail:
| | - José-Antonio Daròs
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universitat Politècnica de València (CSIC-UPV), 46011 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ioannis E Tzanetakis
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas System, 72701 Fayetteville, AR, USA
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Venkataraman S, Hefferon K. Application of Plant Viruses in Biotechnology, Medicine, and Human Health. Viruses 2021; 13:1697. [PMID: 34578279 PMCID: PMC8473230 DOI: 10.3390/v13091697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-based nanotechnology programs using virus-like particles (VLPs) and virus nanoparticles (VNPs) are emerging platforms that are increasingly used for a variety of applications in biotechnology and medicine. Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and potato virus X (PVX), by virtue of having high aspect ratios, make ideal platforms for drug delivery. TMV and PVX both possess rod-shaped structures and single-stranded RNA genomes encapsidated by their respective capsid proteins and have shown great promise as drug delivery systems. Cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) has an icosahedral structure, and thus brings unique benefits as a nanoparticle. The uses of these three plant viruses as either nanostructures or expression vectors for high value pharmaceutical proteins such as vaccines and antibodies are discussed extensively in the following review. In addition, the potential uses of geminiviruses in medical biotechnology are explored. The uses of these expression vectors in plant biotechnology applications are also discussed. Finally, in this review, we project future prospects for plant viruses in the fields of medicine, human health, prophylaxis, and therapy of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kathleen Hefferon
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada;
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8
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Mondal S, Ghanim M, Roberts A, Gray SM. Different potato virus Y strains frequently co-localize in single epidermal leaf cells and in the aphid stylet. J Gen Virol 2021; 102. [PMID: 33709906 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Single aphids can simultaneously or sequentially acquire and transmit multiple potato virus Y (PVY) strains. Multiple PVY strains are often found in the same field and occasionally within the same plant, but little is known about how PVY strains interact in plants or in aphid stylets. Immuno-staining and confocal microscopy were used to examine the spatial and temporal dynamics of PVY strain mixtures (PVYO and PVYNTN or PVYO and PVYN) in epidermal leaf cells of 'Samsun NN' tobacco and 'Goldrush' potato. Virus binding and localization was also examined in aphid stylets following acquisition. Both strains systemically infected tobacco and co-localized in cells of all leaves examined; however, the relative amounts of each virus changed over time. Early in the tobacco infection, when mosaic symptoms were observed, PVYO dominated the infection although PVYNTN was detected in some cells. As the infection progressed and vein necrosis developed, PVYNTN was prevalent. Co-localization of PVYO and PVYN was also observed in epidermal cells of potato leaves with most cells infected with both viruses. Furthermore, two strains could be detected binding to the distal end of aphid stylets following virus acquisition from a plant infected with a strain mixture. These data are in contrast with the traditional belief of spatial separation of two closely related potyviruses and suggest apparent non-antagonistic interaction between PVY strains that could help explain the multitude of emerging recombinant PVY strains discovered in potato in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaonpius Mondal
- Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-5904, USA
- Present address: USDA-ARS, Crop Improvement and Protection Research Unit, Salinas, CA. 93905, USA
| | - Murad Ghanim
- Department of Entomology, Volcani Center, P.O Box 155, Bet Dagan 5025001, Israel
| | - Alison Roberts
- Cellular and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Scotland, DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Stewart M Gray
- USDA-ARS, Emerging Pests and Pathogen Research Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853-5904, USA
- Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-5904, USA
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9
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Martí M, Diretto G, Aragonés V, Frusciante S, Ahrazem O, Gómez-Gómez L, Daròs JA. Efficient production of saffron crocins and picrocrocin in Nicotiana benthamiana using a virus-driven system. Metab Eng 2020; 61:238-250. [PMID: 32629020 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2020.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Crocins and picrocrocin are glycosylated apocarotenoids responsible, respectively, for the color and the unique taste of the saffron spice, known as red gold due to its high price. Several studies have also shown the health-promoting properties of these compounds. However, their high costs hamper the wide use of these metabolites in the pharmaceutical sector. We have developed a virus-driven system to produce remarkable amounts of crocins and picrocrocin in adult Nicotiana benthamiana plants in only two weeks. The system consists of viral clones derived from tobacco etch potyvirus that express specific carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase (CCD) enzymes from Crocus sativus and Buddleja davidii. Metabolic analyses of infected tissues demonstrated that the sole virus-driven expression of C. sativus CsCCD2L or B. davidii BdCCD4.1 resulted in the production of crocins, picrocrocin and safranal. Using the recombinant virus that expressed CsCCD2L, accumulations of 0.2% of crocins and 0.8% of picrocrocin in leaf dry weight were reached in only two weeks. In an attempt to improve apocarotenoid content in N. benthamiana, co-expression of CsCCD2L with other carotenogenic enzymes, such as Pantoea ananatis phytoene synthase (PaCrtB) and saffron β-carotene hydroxylase 2 (BCH2), was performed using the same viral system. This combinatorial approach led to an additional crocin increase up to 0.35% in leaves in which CsCCD2L and PaCrtB were co-expressed. Considering that saffron apocarotenoids are costly harvested from flower stigma once a year, and that Buddleja spp. flowers accumulate lower amounts, this system may be an attractive alternative for the sustainable production of these appreciated metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maricarmen Martí
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universitat Politècnica de València), 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Gianfranco Diretto
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy, and Sustainable Development, Casaccia Research Centre, 00123, Rome, Italy
| | - Verónica Aragonés
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universitat Politècnica de València), 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sarah Frusciante
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy, and Sustainable Development, Casaccia Research Centre, 00123, Rome, Italy
| | - Oussama Ahrazem
- Instituto Botánico, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario S/n, 02071, Albacete, Spain
| | - Lourdes Gómez-Gómez
- Instituto Botánico, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario S/n, 02071, Albacete, Spain.
| | - José-Antonio Daròs
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universitat Politècnica de València), 46022, Valencia, Spain.
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10
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Abstract
Potyviruses are plus-strand RNA viruses that can be easily transformed into expression vectors to quickly express one carotenogenic enzyme or transcription factor, or more, in plant tissues. Unlike the technically challenging and time-consuming process of plant transformation, manipulation of a roughly 10,000 nt-long viral genome is rather straightforward via common molecular biology techniques. Here I describe how to insert the cDNAs of the proteins of interest into two particular positions of the cDNA of a Tobacco etch virus (TEV) mutant that lacks the viral NIb cistron and only infects the plants in which this protein is expressed. This deletion increases the space to harbor foreign sequences. The selection of the expression site must be made according to subcellular localization requirements. The recombinant virus is then inoculated into Nicotiana benthamiana plants by means of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The expression of the viral genome entails the production of carotenogenic proteins in the plant tissues with a consequent effect on the plant carotenoid pathway.
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11
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Jiang N, Zhang C, Liu J, Guo Z, Zhang Z, Han C, Wang Y. Development of Beet necrotic yellow vein virus-based vectors for multiple-gene expression and guide RNA delivery in plant genome editing. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 17:1302-1315. [PMID: 30565826 PMCID: PMC6576094 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Many plant viruses with monopartite or bipartite genomes have been developed as efficient expression vectors of foreign recombinant proteins. Nonetheless, due to lack of multiple insertion sites in these plant viruses, it is still a big challenge to simultaneously express multiple foreign proteins in single cells. The genome of Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) offers an attractive system for expression of multiple foreign proteins owning to a multipartite genome composed of five positive-stranded RNAs. Here, we have established a BNYVV full-length infectious cDNA clone under the control of the Cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. We further developed a set of BNYVV-based vectors that permit efficient expression of four recombinant proteins, including some large proteins with lengths up to 880 amino acids in the model plant Nicotiana benthamiana and native host sugar beet plants. These vectors can be used to investigate the subcellular co-localization of multiple proteins in leaf, root and stem tissues of systemically infected plants. Moreover, the BNYVV-based vectors were used to deliver NbPDS guide RNAs for genome editing in transgenic plants expressing Cas9, which induced a photobleached phenotype in systemically infected leaves. Collectively, the BNYVV-based vectors will facilitate genomic research and expression of multiple proteins, in sugar beet and related crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Agro‐biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green ManagementCollege of Plant ProtectionChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Chao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Agro‐biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green ManagementCollege of Plant ProtectionChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jun‐Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Agro‐biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green ManagementCollege of Plant ProtectionChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
- College of Chemistry Biology and EnvironmentYuxi Normal UniversityYuxiChina
| | - Zhi‐Hong Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Agro‐biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green ManagementCollege of Plant ProtectionChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Zong‐Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Agro‐biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green ManagementCollege of Plant ProtectionChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Cheng‐Gui Han
- State Key Laboratory for Agro‐biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green ManagementCollege of Plant ProtectionChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Agro‐biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green ManagementCollege of Plant ProtectionChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
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12
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Pasin F, Menzel W, Daròs J. Harnessed viruses in the age of metagenomics and synthetic biology: an update on infectious clone assembly and biotechnologies of plant viruses. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 17:1010-1026. [PMID: 30677208 PMCID: PMC6523588 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent metagenomic studies have provided an unprecedented wealth of data, which are revolutionizing our understanding of virus diversity. A redrawn landscape highlights viruses as active players in the phytobiome, and surveys have uncovered their positive roles in environmental stress tolerance of plants. Viral infectious clones are key tools for functional characterization of known and newly identified viruses. Knowledge of viruses and their components has been instrumental for the development of modern plant molecular biology and biotechnology. In this review, we provide extensive guidelines built on current synthetic biology advances that streamline infectious clone assembly, thus lessening a major technical constraint of plant virology. The focus is on generation of infectious clones in binary T-DNA vectors, which are delivered efficiently to plants by Agrobacterium. We then summarize recent applications of plant viruses and explore emerging trends in microbiology, bacterial and human virology that, once translated to plant virology, could lead to the development of virus-based gene therapies for ad hoc engineering of plant traits. The systematic characterization of plant virus roles in the phytobiome and next-generation virus-based tools will be indispensable landmarks in the synthetic biology roadmap to better crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Pasin
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research CenterAcademia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Wulf Menzel
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ‐German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell CulturesBraunschweigGermany
| | - José‐Antonio Daròs
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas‐Universitat Politècnica de València)ValenciaSpain
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Song EG, Ryu KH. A pepper mottle virus-based vector enables systemic expression of endoglucanase D in non-transgenic plants. Arch Virol 2017; 162:3717-3726. [PMID: 28864903 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3539-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Plant-virus-based expression vectors have been used as an alternative to the creation of transgenic plants. Using a virus-based vector, we investigated the feasibility of producing the endoglucanase D (EngD) from Clostridium cellulovorans in Nicotiana benthamiana. This protein has endoglucanase, xylanase, and exoglucanase activities and may be of value for cellulose digestion in the generation of biofuels from plant biomass. The EngD gene was cloned between the nuclear inclusion b (NIb)- and coat protein (CP)-encoding sequences of pSP6PepMoV-Vb1. In vitro transcripts derived from the clone (pSP6PepMoV-Vb1/EngD) were infectious in N. benthamiana but caused milder symptoms than wild-type PepMoV-Vb1. RT-PCR amplification of total RNA from non-inoculated upper leaves infected with PepMoV-Vb1/EngD produced the target band for the CP, partial NIb and EngD-CP regions of PepMoV-V1/EngD, in addition to nonspecific bands. Western blot analysis showed the CP target bands of PepMoV-Vb1/EngD as well as non-target bands. EngD enzymatic activity in infected plants was detected using a glucose assay. The plant leaves showed increased senescence compared with healthy and PepMoV-Vb1-infected plants. Our study suggests the feasibility of using a viral vector for systemic infection of plants for expression of heterologous engD for the purpose of digesting a cellulose substrate in plant cells for biomass production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Gyeong Song
- Plant Virus GenBank, Department of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Seoul Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hyun Ryu
- Plant Virus GenBank, Department of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Seoul Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Ahmad N, Michoux F, Lössl AG, Nixon PJ. Challenges and perspectives in commercializing plastid transformation technology. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:5945-5960. [PMID: 27697788 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Plastid transformation has emerged as an alternative platform to generate transgenic plants. Attractive features of this technology include specific integration of transgenes-either individually or as operons-into the plastid genome through homologous recombination, the potential for high-level protein expression, and transgene containment because of the maternal inheritance of plastids. Several issues associated with nuclear transformation such as gene silencing, variable gene expression due to the Mendelian laws of inheritance, and epigenetic regulation have not been observed in the plastid genome. Plastid transformation has been successfully used for the production of therapeutics, vaccines, antigens, and commercial enzymes, and for engineering various agronomic traits including resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, these demonstrations have usually focused on model systems such as tobacco, and the technology per se has not yet reached the market. Technical factors limiting this technology include the lack of efficient protocols for the transformation of cereals, poor transgene expression in non-green plastids, a limited number of selection markers, and the lengthy procedures required to recover fully segregated plants. This article discusses the technology of transforming the plastid genome, the positive and negative features compared with nuclear transformation, and the current challenges that need to be addressed for successful commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niaz Ahmad
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Franck Michoux
- Alkion Biopharma SAS, 4 rue Pierre Fontaine, 91058 Evry, France
| | - Andreas G Lössl
- Department of Applied Plant Sciences and Plant Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter J Nixon
- Department of Life Sciences, Sir Ernst Chain Building-Wolfson Laboratories, Imperial College, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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Jungbauer A, Lee SY. Editorial: Biotechnology Journal brings more than biotechnology. Biotechnol J 2016; 10:1663-5. [PMID: 26912076 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201500581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Biotechnology Journal always brings the state-of-the-art biotechnologies to our readers. Different from other topical issues, this issue of Biotechnology Journal is complied with a series of exiting reviews and research articles from spontaneous submissions, again, addressing society's actual problems and needs. The progress is a real testimony how biotechnology contributes to achievements in healthcare, better utilization of resources, and a bio-based economy.
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Cesaratto F, Burrone OR, Petris G. Tobacco Etch Virus protease: A shortcut across biotechnologies. J Biotechnol 2016; 231:239-249. [PMID: 27312702 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
About thirty years ago, studies on the RNA genome of Tobacco Etch Virus revealed the presence of an efficient and specific protease, called Tobacco Etch Virus protease (TEVp), that was part of the Nuclear Inclusion a (NIa) enzyme. TEVp is an efficient and specific protease of 27kDa that has become a valuable biotechnological tool. Nowadays TEVp is a unique endopeptidase largely exploited in biotechnology from industrial applications to in vitro and in vivo cellular studies. A number of TEVp mutants with different rate of cleavage, stability and specificity have been reported. Similarly, a panel of different target cleavage sites, derived from the canonical ENLYFQ-G/S site, has been established. In this review we describe these aspects of TEVp and some of its multiple applications. A particular focus is on the use and molecular biology of TEVp in living cells and organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cesaratto
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, ICGEB, Trieste, Italy
| | - Oscar R Burrone
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, ICGEB, Trieste, Italy.
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