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Kim S, Lee H, Hong J, Kim SHL, Kwon E, Park TH, Hwang NS. Bone-Targeted Delivery of Cell-Penetrating-RUNX2 Fusion Protein in Osteoporosis Model. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2301570. [PMID: 37574255 PMCID: PMC10558633 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
The onset of osteoporosis leads to a gradual decrease in bone density due to an imbalance between bone formation and resorption. To achieve optimal drug efficacy with minimal side effects, targeted drug delivery to the bone is necessary. Previous studies have utilized peptides that bind to hydroxyapatite, a mineral component of bone, for bone-targeted drug delivery. In this study, a hydroxyapatite binding (HAB) tag is fused to 30Kc19α-Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) for bone-targeting. This recombinant protein can penetrate the nucleus of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and act as a master transcription factor for osteogenesis. The HAB tag increases the binding affinity of 30Kc19α-RUNX2 to mineral deposition in mature osteoblasts and bone tissue, without affecting its osteogenic induction capability. In the osteoporosis mouse model, intravenous injection of HAB-30Kc19α-RUNX2 results in preferential accumulation in the femur and promotes bone formation while reducing toxicity in the spleen. These findings suggest that HAB-30Kc19α-RUNX2 may be a promising candidate for bone-targeted therapy in osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoyeon Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological EngineeringInstitute of Chemical ProcessesSeoul National University1 Gwanak‐ro, Gwanak‐guSeoul08826Republic of Korea
| | - Haein Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological EngineeringInstitute of Chemical ProcessesSeoul National University1 Gwanak‐ro, Gwanak‐guSeoul08826Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyeon Hong
- School of Chemical and Biological EngineeringInstitute of Chemical ProcessesSeoul National University1 Gwanak‐ro, Gwanak‐guSeoul08826Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyun L. Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in BioengineeringSeoul National University1 Gwanak‐ro, Gwanak‐guSeoul08826Republic of Korea
| | - Euntaek Kwon
- Interdisciplinary Program in BioengineeringSeoul National University1 Gwanak‐ro, Gwanak‐guSeoul08826Republic of Korea
| | - Tai Hyun Park
- School of Chemical and Biological EngineeringInstitute of Chemical ProcessesSeoul National University1 Gwanak‐ro, Gwanak‐guSeoul08826Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in BioengineeringSeoul National University1 Gwanak‐ro, Gwanak‐guSeoul08826Republic of Korea
- BioMAX/N‐Bio InstituteInstitute of BioEngineerigSeoul National University1 Gwanakro, Gwanak‐guSeoul08826Republic of Korea
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food ManagementEwha Womans University52, Ewhayeodae‐gil, Seodaemun‐guSeoul03760Republic of Korea
| | - Nathaniel S. Hwang
- School of Chemical and Biological EngineeringInstitute of Chemical ProcessesSeoul National University1 Gwanak‐ro, Gwanak‐guSeoul08826Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in BioengineeringSeoul National University1 Gwanak‐ro, Gwanak‐guSeoul08826Republic of Korea
- BioMAX/N‐Bio InstituteInstitute of BioEngineerigSeoul National University1 Gwanakro, Gwanak‐guSeoul08826Republic of Korea
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Park J, Jeong K, Kim M, Kim W, Park JH. Enhanced osteogenesis of human urine-derived stem cells by direct delivery of 30Kc19α-Lin28A protein. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1215087. [PMID: 37383520 PMCID: PMC10293758 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1215087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Urine-derived stem cells (USCs) are a promising source for regenerative medicine because of their advantages such as easy and non-invasive collection from the human body, stable expansion, and the potential to differentiate into multiple lineages, including osteoblasts. In this study, we propose a strategy to enhance the osteogenic potential of human USCs using Lin28A, a transcription factor that inhibits let-7 miRNA processing. To address concerns regarding the safety of foreign gene integration and potential risk of tumorigenicity, we intracellularly delivered Lin28A as a recombinant protein fused with a cell-penetrating and protein-stabilizing protein, 30Kc19α. 30Kc19α-Lin28A fusion protein exhibited improved thermal stability and was delivered into USCs without significant cytotoxicity. 30Kc19α-Lin28A treatment elevated calcium deposition and upregulated several osteoblast-specific gene expressions in USCs derived from multiple donors. Our results indicate that intracellularly delivered 30Kc19α-Lin28A enhances the osteoblastic differentiation of human USCs by affecting the transcriptional regulatory network involved in metabolic reprogramming and stem cell potency. Therefore, 30Kc19α-Lin28A may provide a technical advancement toward developing clinically feasible strategies for bone regeneration.
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Ryu J, Yang SJ, Son B, Lee H, Lee J, Joo J, Park HH, Park TH. Enhanced anti-cancer effect using MMP-responsive L-asparaginase fused with cell-penetrating 30Kc19 protein. ARTIFICIAL CELLS, NANOMEDICINE, AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 50:278-285. [DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2022.2126851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jina Ryu
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Jae Yang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Boram Son
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Haein Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongmin Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinmyoung Joo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Ho Park
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Education and Research Group for Biopharmaceutical Innovation Leader, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tai Hyun Park
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BioMAX/N-Bio Institute, Institute of Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Lee H, Park G, Kim S, Son B, Joo J, Park HH, Park TH. Enhancement of anti-tumor activity in melanoma using arginine deiminase fused with 30Kc19α protein. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:7531-7545. [PMID: 36227339 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12218-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Arginine deiminase (ADI) is a microbial-derived enzyme which catalyzes the conversion of L-arginine into L-citrulline. ADI originating from Mycoplasma has been reported to present anti-tumor activity against arginine-auxotrophic tumors, including melanoma. Melanoma cells are sensitive to arginine depletion due to reduced expression of argininosuccinate synthase 1 (ASS1), a key enzyme for arginine biosynthesis. However, clinical applications of recombinant ADI for melanoma treatment present some limitations. Since recombinant ADI is not human-derived, it shows instability, proteolytic degradation, and antigenicity in human serum. In addition, there is a problem of drug resistance issue due to the intracellular expression of once-silenced ASS1. Moreover, recombinant ADI proteins are mainly expressed as inclusion body forms in Escherichia coli and require a time-consuming refolding process to turn them back into active form. Herein, we propose fusion of recombinant ADI from Mycoplasma hominis and 30Kc19α, a cell-penetrating protein which also increases stability and soluble expression of cargo proteins, to overcome these problems. We inserted matrix metalloproteinase-2 cleavable linker between ADI and 30Kc19α to increase enzyme activity in melanoma cells. Compared to ADI, ADI-LK-30Kc19α showed enhanced solubility, stability, and cell penetration. The fusion protein demonstrated selective cytotoxicity and reduced drug resistance in melanoma cells, thus would be a promising strategy for the improved efficacy in melanoma treatment. KEY POINTS: • Fusion of ADI with 30Kc19α enhances soluble expression and productivity of recombinant ADI in E. coli • 30Kc19α protects ADI from the proteolytic degradation by shielding effect, helping ADI to remain active • Intracellular delivery of ADI by 30Kc19α overcomes ADI resistance in melanoma cells by degrading intracellularly expressed arginine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haein Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Geunhwa Park
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seulha Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Boram Son
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinmyoung Joo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Ho Park
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Education and Research Group for Biopharmaceutical Innovation Leader, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tai Hyun Park
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,BioMax/N-Bio Institute, Institute of Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Ghose AK, Abdullah SNA, Md Hatta MA, Megat Wahab PE. DNA Free CRISPR/DCAS9 Based Transcriptional Activation System for UGT76G1 Gene in Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni Protoplasts. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2393. [PMID: 36145794 PMCID: PMC9501275 DOI: 10.3390/plants11182393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The UDP-glycosyltransferase 76G1 (UGT76G1) is responsible for the conversion of stevioside to rebaudioside A. Four single guide RNAs (sgRNAs) were designed from the UGT76G1 proximal promoter region of stevia by using the online-based tool, benchling. The dCas9 fused with VP64 as a transcriptional activation domain (TAD) was produced and purified for the formation of ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) by mixing with the in vitro transcribed sgRNAs. Protoplast yield was the highest from leaf mesophyll of in vitro grown stevia plantlets (3.16 × 106/g of FW) using ES5 (1.25% cellulase R-10 and 0.75% macerozyme R-10). The RNPs were delivered into the isolated protoplasts through the Polyethylene glycol (PEG)-mediated transfection method. The highest endogenous activation of the UGT76G1 gene was detected at 27.51-fold after 24 h of transfection with RNP30 consisting of CRISPR/dCas9-TAD with sgRNA30 and a similar activation level was obtained using RNP18, RNP33, and RNP34, produced using sgRNA18, sgRNA33, and sgRNA34, respectively. Activation of UGT76G1 by RNP18 led to a significant increase in the expression of the rate-limiting enzyme UGT85C2 by 2.37-fold and there was an increasing trend in the expression of UGT85C2 using RNP30, RNP33, and RNP34. Successful application of CRISPR/dCas9-TAD RNP in activating specific genes can avoid the negative integration effects of introduced DNA in the host genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asish Kumar Ghose
- Laboratory of Agronomy and Sustainable Crop Protection, Institute of Plantation Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Biotechnology Division, Bangladesh Sugarcrop Research Institute, Ishurdi, Pabna 6620, Bangladesh
| | - Siti Nor Akmar Abdullah
- Laboratory of Agronomy and Sustainable Crop Protection, Institute of Plantation Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Agriculture Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Asyraf Md Hatta
- Department of Agriculture Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Puteri Edaroyati Megat Wahab
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
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Son B, Yoon H, Ryu J, Lee H, Joo J, Park HH, Park TH. Enhanced efficiency of generating human-induced pluripotent stem cells using Lin28-30Kc19 fusion protein. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:911614. [PMID: 35935494 PMCID: PMC9354855 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.911614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have intrinsic properties, such as self-renewal ability and pluripotency, which are also shown in embryonic stem cells (ESCs). The challenge of improving the iPSC generation efficiency has been an important issue and there have been many attempts to develop iPSC generation methods. In this research, we added Lin28, known as one of the reprogramming factors, in the form of a soluble recombinant protein from E. coli to improve the efficiency of human iPSC (hiPSC) generation, in respect of alkaline phosphatase (AP)-positive colonies. To deliver Lin28 inside the cells, we generated a soluble Lin28-30Kc19 fusion protein, with 30Kc19 at the C-terminal domain of Lin28. 30Kc19, a silkworm hemolymph-derived protein, was fused due to its cell-penetrating and protein-stabilizing properties. The Lin28-30Kc19 was treated to human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs), in combination with four defined reprogramming factors (Oct4, Sox2, c-Myc, and Klf4). After 14 days of cell culture, we confirmed the generated hiPSCs through AP staining. According to the results, the addition of Lin28-30Kc19 increased the number and size of generated AP-positive hiPSC colonies. Through this research, we anticipate that this recombinant protein would be a valuable material for increasing the efficiency of hiPSC generation and for enhancing the possibility as a substitute of the conventional method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boram Son
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyungro Yoon
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jina Ryu
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Haein Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jinmyoung Joo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Hee Ho Park
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
- Education and Research Group for Biopharmaceutical Innovation Leader, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Hee Ho Park, ; Tai Hyun Park,
| | - Tai Hyun Park
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- BioMAX/N-Bio Institute, Institute of Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Hee Ho Park, ; Tai Hyun Park,
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7
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Kim SHL, Cho S, Kim S, Kwon J, Lee J, Koh RH, Park JH, Lee H, Park TH, Hwang NS. Cellular direct conversion by cell penetrable OCT4-30Kc19 protein and BMP4 growth factor. Biomater Res 2022; 26:33. [PMID: 35836274 PMCID: PMC9281139 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-022-00280-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The number of patients suffering from osteoporosis is increasing as the elderly population increases. The demand for investigating bone regeneration strategies naturally arises. One of the approaches to induce bone regeneration is somatic cell transdifferentiation. Among the transcriptional regulators for transdifferentiation, octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4) is famous for its role in the regulation of pluripotency of stem cells. Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) is another factor that is known to have a significant role in osteogenic differentiation. Previous studies have achieved transdifferentiation of cells into osteoblasts using viral and plasmid deliveries of these factors. Although these methods are efficient, viral and plasmid transfection have safety issues such as permanent gene incorporations and bacterial DNA insertions. Herein, we developed a cell penetrating protein-based strategy to induce transdifferentiation of endothelial cells into osteoblasts via nuclear delivery of OCT4 recombinant protein combined with the BMP4 treatment. For the nuclear delivery of OCT4 protein, we fused the protein with 30Kc19, a cell-penetrating and protein stabilizing protein derived from a silkworm hemolymph of Bombyx mori with low cytotoxic properties. This study proposes a promising cell-based therapy without any safety issues that existing transdifferentiation approaches had. Methods OCT4-30Kc19 protein with high penetrating activities and stability was synthesized for a protein-based osteogenic transdifferentiation system. Cells were treated with OCT4-30Kc19 and BMP4 to evaluate their cellular penetrating activity, cytotoxicity, osteogenic and angiogenic potentials in vitro. The osteogenic potential of 3D cell spheroids was also analyzed. In addition, in vivo cell delivery into subcutaneous tissue and cranial defect model was performed. Results OCT4-30Kc19 protein was produced in a soluble and stable form. OCT4-30Kc19 efficiently penetrated cells and were localized in intracellular compartments and the nucleus. Cells delivered with OCT4-30Kc19 protein combined with BMP4 showed increased osteogenesis, both in 2D and 3D culture, and showed increased angiogenesis capacity in vitro. Results from in vivo subcutaneous tissue delivery of cell-seeded scaffolds confirmed enhanced osteogenic properties of transdifferentiated HUVECs via treatment with both OCT4-30Kc19 and BMP4. In addition, in vivo mouse cranial defect experiment demonstrated successful bone regeneration of HUVECs pretreated with both OCT4-30Kc19 and BMP4. Conclusions Using a protein-based transdifferentiation method allows an alternative approach without utilizing any genetic modification strategies, thus providing a possibility for safer use of cell-based therapies in clinical applications. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40824-022-00280-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hyun L Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medicine, Standford University, 450 Serra Mall, Standford, 94305, USA
| | - Sungwoo Cho
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoyeon Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Janet Kwon
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Jaeyoung Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Gangwon-do, Chuncheon, 24321, Republic of Korea
| | - Rachel H Koh
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.,Max/N-Bio Institute, Institute of Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hyun Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Gangwon-do, Chuncheon, 24321, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwajin Lee
- School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea. .,Uppthera, BRC Laboratory, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tai Hyun Park
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea. .,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea. .,Max/N-Bio Institute, Institute of Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Nathaniel S Hwang
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea. .,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea. .,Max/N-Bio Institute, Institute of Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Chen Y, Li S, Zhao J, Cao X, Wang F. Efficient drug delivery by novel cell-penetrating peptide derived from Midkine, with two heparin binding sites braced by a length-specific helix. J Drug Target 2021; 30:326-333. [PMID: 34708678 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2021.1999960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) have been regarded as potential drug carriers for cancer therapy. However, most well-studied CPPs fail to deliver exogenous drugs efficiently and selectively. In this study, a tumour-targeted CPP with high efficiency derived from heparin-binding domain (HBD) of Midkine (named HMD) was discovered. HMD exhibited higher delivery efficiency than classic CPPs (TAT and R9) and manifested selectivity in tumour cells. Normally, the positive charge is the key factor for the transmembrane activity of CPPs such as TAT and R9. Here, the length of α-helix inside CPP was found also important for in the recognition of heparan sulphate proteoglycans (HSPGs). Subsequently, the introduction of HMD enhanced the inhibitory effect of Momordica antiviral protein of 30 kDa (MAP30) on tumour cells, resulting in a 6.07-fold and 5.42-fold increase in HeLa cells and MGC80-3 cells respectively without enhanced cytotoxicity in normal cells. These results show that HMD possesses high efficiency and good tumour specificity and can be utilised as a promising agent for the tumour-targeted delivery of drug. This study is also a supplement to the existing theories about the biological activities of the α-helix in CPPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Si Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Applied Biology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuewei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Fujun Wang
- Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,New Drug R&D Center, Zhejiang Fonow Medicine Co., Ltd., Dongyang, People's Republic of China
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9
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Lee H, An YH, Kim TK, Ryu J, Park GK, Park MJ, Ko J, Kim H, Choi HS, Hwang NS, Park TH. Enhancement of Wound Healing Efficacy by Increasing the Stability and Skin-Penetrating Property of bFGF Using 30Kc19α-Based Fusion Protein. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2021; 5:e2000176. [PMID: 33724733 PMCID: PMC7996635 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202000176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The instability of recombinant basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is a major disadvantage for its therapeutic use and means frequent applications to cells or tissues are required for sustained effects. Originating from silkworm hemolymph, 30Kc19α is a cell-penetrating protein that also has protein stabilization properties. Herein, it is investigated whether fusing 30Kc19α to bFGF can enhance the stability and skin penetration properties of bFGF, which may consequently increase its therapeutic efficacy. The fusion of 30Kc19α to bFGF protein increases protein stability, as confirmed by ELISA. 30Kc19α-bFGF also retains the biological activity of bFGF as it facilitates the migration and proliferation of fibroblasts and angiogenesis of endothelial cells. It is discovered that 30Kc19α can improve the transdermal delivery of a small molecular fluorophore through the skin of hairless mice. Importantly, it increases the accumulation of bFGF and further facilitates its translocation into the skin through follicular routes. Finally, when applied to a skin wound model in vivo, 30Kc19α-bFGF penetrates the dermis layer effectively, which promotes cell proliferation, tissue granulation, angiogenesis, and tissue remodeling. Consequently, the findings suggest that 30Kc19α improves the therapeutic functionalities of bFGF, and would be useful as a protein stabilizer and/or a delivery vehicle in therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haein Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hyeon An
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- BioMAX/N-Bio Institute, Institute of BioEngineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanakro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Keun Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jina Ryu
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - G Kate Park
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Mihn Jeong Park
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghyeon Ko
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunbum Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak Soo Choi
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Nathaniel S Hwang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- BioMAX/N-Bio Institute, Institute of BioEngineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanakro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Tai Hyun Park
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- BioMAX/N-Bio Institute, Institute of BioEngineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanakro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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Lee H, Kim SHL, Yoon H, Ryu J, Park HH, Hwang NS, Park TH. Intracellular Delivery of Recombinant RUNX2 Facilitated by Cell-Penetrating Protein for the Osteogenic Differentiation of hMSCs. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:5202-5214. [PMID: 33455270 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are a commonly used cell source for cell therapy and tissue engineering because of their easy accessibility and multipotency. Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) is a master regulator of the osteogenic commitment of hMSCs. Either recombinant plasmid delivery or viral transduction has been utilized to activate RUNX2 gene expression for effective hMSC differentiation. In this study, recombinant RUNX2 fused with cell-penetrating 30Kc19α protein (30Kc19α-RUNX2) was delivered into hMSCs for osteogenic commitment. Fusion of recombinant RUNX2 with 30Kc19α resulted in successful delivery of the protein into cells and enhanced soluble expression of the protein. Intracellular delivery of the 30Kc19α-RUNX2 fusion protein enhanced the osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs in vitro. 30Kc19α-RUNX2 treatment resulted in increased ALP accumulation and elevated calcium deposition. Finally, implantation of hMSCs treated with 30Kc19α-RUNX2 showed osteogenesis via cell delivery into the subcutaneous tissue and bone regeneration in a cranial defect mouse model. Therefore, we suggest that 30Kc19α-RUNX2, an osteoinductive recombinant protein, is an efficient tool for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haein Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyun L Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungro Yoon
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jina Ryu
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Ho Park
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Nathaniel S Hwang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,BioMax/N-Bio Institute, Institute of Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Tai Hyun Park
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,BioMax/N-Bio Institute, Institute of Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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11
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Hong S, Choi DW, Kim HN, Park CG, Lee W, Park HH. Protein-Based Nanoparticles as Drug Delivery Systems. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E604. [PMID: 32610448 PMCID: PMC7407889 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12070604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles have been extensively used as carriers for the delivery of chemicals and biomolecular drugs, such as anticancer drugs and therapeutic proteins. Natural biomolecules, such as proteins, are an attractive alternative to synthetic polymers commonly used in nanoparticle formulation because of their safety. In general, protein nanoparticles offer many advantages, such as biocompatibility and biodegradability. Moreover, the preparation of protein nanoparticles and the corresponding encapsulation process involved mild conditions without the use of toxic chemicals or organic solvents. Protein nanoparticles can be generated using proteins, such as fibroins, albumin, gelatin, gliadine, legumin, 30Kc19, lipoprotein, and ferritin proteins, and are prepared through emulsion, electrospray, and desolvation methods. This review introduces the proteins used and methods used in generating protein nanoparticles and compares the corresponding advantages and disadvantages of each.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyoung Hong
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea;
| | - Dong Wook Choi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
| | - Hong Nam Kim
- Center for BioMicrosystems, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea;
| | - Chun Gwon Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Korea
- Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Wonhwa Lee
- Aging Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Hee Ho Park
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea;
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Protein-based direct reprogramming of fibroblasts to neuronal cells using 30Kc19 protein and transcription factor Ascl1. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 121:105717. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2020.105717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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13
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Silkworm storage protein Bm30K-19G1 has a certain antifungal effects on Beauveria bassiana. J Invertebr Pathol 2019; 163:34-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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14
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Anti-apoptotic effects of the alpha-helix domain of silkworm storage protein 1. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-017-0283-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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15
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Park HH, Woo YH, Ryu J, Lee HJ, Park JH, Park TH. Enzyme delivery using protein-stabilizing and cell-penetrating 30Kc19α protein nanoparticles. Process Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2017.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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16
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Li Z, Zhang D, Xiong X, Yan B, Xie W, Sheen J, Li JF. A potent Cas9-derived gene activator for plant and mammalian cells. NATURE PLANTS 2017; 3:930-936. [PMID: 29158545 PMCID: PMC5894343 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-017-0046-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of complementary DNA represents the most commonly used gain-of-function approach for interrogating gene functions and for manipulating biological traits. However, this approach is challenging and inefficient for multigene expression due to increased labour for cloning, limited vector capacity, requirement of multiple promoters and terminators, and variable transgene expression levels. Synthetic transcriptional activators provide a promising alternative strategy for gene activation by tethering an autonomous transcription activation domain (TAD) to an intended gene promoter at the endogenous genomic locus through a programmable DNA-binding module. Among the known custom DNA-binding modules, the nuclease-dead Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 (dCas9) protein, which recognizes a specific DNA target through base pairing between a synthetic guide RNA and DNA, outperforms zinc-finger proteins and transcription activator-like effectors, both of which target through protein-DNA interactions 1 . Recently, three potent dCas9-based transcriptional activation systems, namely VPR, SAM and SunTag, have been developed for animal cells 2-6 . However, an efficient dCas9-based transcriptional activation platform is still lacking for plant cells 7-9 . Here, we developed a new potent dCas9-TAD, named dCas9-TV, through plant cell-based screens. dCas9-TV confers far stronger transcriptional activation of single or multiple target genes than the routinely used dCas9-VP64 activator in both plant and mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangyu Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingyu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Xie
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jen Sheen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Centre for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jian-Feng Li
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Cha HJ, Kamiya N, Sabaratnam V. Editorial: Asian Congress of Biotechnology 2015. Biotechnol J 2016; 11:1371-1372. [PMID: 27869365 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201600650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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