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Mohammadi S, Kharrazi S, Mazlomi M, Amani A, Tavoosidana G. Investigation of Melphalan interaction as an alkylating agent with nucleotides by using surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 317:124359. [PMID: 38704996 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
SERS (Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy) is a new Raman spectroscopy which relies on Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) of metal nanoparticles. We have applied colloidal silver and gold nanoparticles as amplifier agents to enhance nucleotide Raman signals. It is observed that without these enhancing agents, it is impossible to investigate nucleotide spectrum due to weak Raman signals. Interaction mechanism of Melphalan, an anticancer drug with four nucleotides (Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, Thymine) was investigated using SERS to detect and identify changes due to alkylating process in Raman spectra. After incubating Melphalan drug with nucleotides for 24 h at 37 °C, some changes occurred in SERS spectrum and interpretation of SERS spectra revealed the influence of the alkyl substitution on peaks and Raman shifts. After incubation of Melphalan with each nucleotide, intensity of relevant SERS signals assigned to Amid III group of Cytosine and Amid I of Thymine decreased significantly, confirming alkylating taking place. In this study, we also investigated the effect of nanoparticles type on nucleotide spectrum. We could not obtain useful information in the cases of guanine nucleotide. The SERS spectrum of Cytosine as an example of nucleotides in aqueous solution compared to solid state and results demonstrated that in solid state better signals were obtained than in liquid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simah Mohammadi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sharmin Kharrazi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammadali Mazlomi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Amani
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Natural Products and Medicinal Plants research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Tavoosidana
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Paschoal DFS, Dos Santos HF. Intramolecular force field for carboxylate Pt(II)-complexes. Theor Chem Acc 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-022-02901-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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3
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Sofińska K, Wilkosz N, Szymoński M, Lipiec E. Molecular Spectroscopic Markers of DNA Damage. Molecules 2020; 25:E561. [PMID: 32012927 PMCID: PMC7037412 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Every cell in a living organism is constantly exposed to physical and chemical factors which damage the molecular structure of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Cellular DNA lesions are the most dangerous because the genetic information, critical for the identity and function of each eukaryotic cell, is stored in the DNA. In this review, we describe spectroscopic markers of DNA damage, which can be detected by infrared, Raman, surface-enhanced Raman, and tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopies, using data acquired from DNA solutions and mammalian cells. Various physical and chemical DNA damaging factors are taken into consideration, including ionizing and non-ionizing radiation, chemicals, and chemotherapeutic compounds. All major spectral markers of DNA damage are presented in several tables, to give the reader a possibility of fast identification of the spectral signature related to a particular type of DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ewelina Lipiec
- M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland; (K.S.); (N.W.); or (M.S.)
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4
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Bélanger-Desmarais N, Schütz M, Reber C. Remarkably Intricate Raman Spectra of Platinum(II)-Ligand Skeletal Modes in Diamminedihalido Complexes. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:5574-5579. [PMID: 31145614 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b03893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
More than 100 calculations of vibrational frequencies for cis-[Pt(NH3)2X2] (X = Cl-, Br-) and trans-[Pt(NH3)2Cl2] have been published over the past 25 years. The high-quality Raman spectra presented here have sufficient resolution in the crucial region of metal-ligand modes to permit an assessment of frequency calculations. The peaks for symmetric and antisymmetric Pt-Cl stretching modes νs and νa are resolved in the 312-333 cm-1 region. Frequency variations due to 35Cl and 37Cl isotopes are shown to be comparable in size to the differences between νs and νa. Peaks corresponding to the two Pt-Br stretching frequencies are observed at 213 and 218 cm-1 and Pt-N stretching frequencies for all compounds between 485 and 540 cm-1. The crystal structures of trans-[Pt(NH3)2Cl2] and cis-[Pt(NH3)2Br2] at 300 and 120 K are reported and complement the variable-temperature vibrational frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Max Schütz
- Département de chimie , Université de Montréal , Montréal , Québec H3C 3J7 , Canada
| | - Christian Reber
- Département de chimie , Université de Montréal , Montréal , Québec H3C 3J7 , Canada
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5
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De Souza LA, Dos Santos HF, Costa LT, De Almeida WB. Inclusion complexes between cisplatin and oxidized carbon nanostructures: A theoretical approach. J Inorg Biochem 2018; 178:134-143. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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6
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Li H, Chong X, Chen Y, Yang L, Luo L, Zhao B, Tian Y. Detection of 6-Thioguanine by surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy using silver nanoparticles-coated silicon wafer. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2016.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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7
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Masetti M, Xie HN, Krpetić Ž, Recanatini M, Alvarez-Puebla RA, Guerrini L. Revealing DNA Interactions with Exogenous Agents by Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 137:469-76. [DOI: 10.1021/ja511398w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Masetti
- Department
of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Hai-nan Xie
- Medcom Advance SA, Viladecans
Bussines Park, Edificio Brasil, C/Bertran i Musitu, 83-85, 08840 Viladecans (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Željka Krpetić
- Centre
for BioNano Interactions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Maurizio Recanatini
- Department
of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Ramon A. Alvarez-Puebla
- Medcom Advance SA, Viladecans
Bussines Park, Edificio Brasil, C/Bertran i Musitu, 83-85, 08840 Viladecans (Barcelona), Spain
- ICREA, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Carrer
de Marcellí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Luca Guerrini
- Medcom Advance SA, Viladecans
Bussines Park, Edificio Brasil, C/Bertran i Musitu, 83-85, 08840 Viladecans (Barcelona), Spain
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Carrer
de Marcellí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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8
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Sessa C, Del Conte G, Christinat A, Cresta S, Perotti A, Gallerani E, Lardelli P, Kahatt C, Alfaro V, Iglesias JL, Fernández-Teruel C, Gianni L. Phase I clinical and pharmacokinetic study of trabectedin and cisplatin given every three weeks in patients with advanced solid tumors. Invest New Drugs 2013; 31:1236-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-013-9942-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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9
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Rejeeth C, Nag TC, Kannan S. Cisplatin-functionalized silica nanoparticles for cancer chemotherapy. Cancer Nanotechnol 2013; 4:127-136. [PMID: 26069508 PMCID: PMC4451868 DOI: 10.1007/s12645-013-0043-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is used to treat a variety of tumors, but dose-limiting toxicities or intrinsic and acquired resistance limit its application in many types of cancer including breast. Cisplatin was attached to silica nanoparticles using aminopropyltriethoxy silane as a linker molecule and characterized in terms of size, shape, as well as the dissolution of cisplatin from the silica surface. The primary particle diameter of the as received silica nanoparticles ranged from 20 to 90 nm. The results show that adverse effects on cell function, as evidenced by reduced metabolic activity measured by the MTT assay and increased membrane permeability observed using the live/dead stain, can be correlated with surface area of the silica. Cisplatin-functionalized silica nanoparticles with the highest surface area incited the greatest response, which was almost equivalent to that induced by free cisplatin. Moreover, if verified by further studies, would indicate that cisplatin was attached to silica nanoparticles might prove to be useful in site-specific drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrababu Rejeeth
- Proteomics and Molecular Cell Physiology Lab, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046 TN India
| | - Tapas C Nag
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility for Electron Microscopy, Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029 India
| | - Soundarapandian Kannan
- Proteomics and Molecular Cell Physiology Lab, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046 TN India
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10
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Platinum and Palladium Polyamine Complexes as Anticancer Agents: The Structural Factor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1155/2013/287353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Since the introduction of cisplatin to oncology in 1978, Pt(II) and Pd(II) compounds have been intensively studied with a view to develop the improved anticancer agents. Polynuclear polyamine complexes, in particular, have attracted special attention, since they were found to yield DNA adducts not available to conventional drugs (through long-distance intra- and interstrand cross-links) and to often circumvent acquired cisplatin resistance. Moreover, the cytotoxic potency of these polyamine-bridged chelates is strictly regulated by their structural characteristics, which renders this series of compounds worth investigating and their synthesis being carefully tailored in order to develop third-generation drugs coupling an increased spectrum of activity to a lower toxicity. The present paper addresses the latest developments in the design of novel antitumor agents based on platinum and palladium, particularly polynuclear chelates with variable length aliphatic polyamines as bridging ligands, highlighting the close relationship between their structural preferences and cytotoxic ability. In particular, studies by vibrational spectroscopy techniques are emphasised, allowing to elucidate the structure-activity relationships (SARs) ruling anticancer activity.
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11
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Khoee S, Sattari A, Atyabi F. Physico-chemical properties investigation of cisplatin loaded polybutyladipate (PBA) nanoparticles prepared by w/o/w. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2011.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Singh B, Chauhan N, Sharma V. Design of Molecular Imprinted Hydrogels for Controlled Release of Cisplatin: Evaluation of Network Density of Hydrogels. Ind Eng Chem Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ie200758b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baljit Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla 171005, India
| | - N. Chauhan
- Department of Chemistry, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla 171005, India
| | - Vikrant Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla 171005, India
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13
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Aaltonen J, Gordon KC, Strachan CJ, Rades T. Perspectives in the use of spectroscopy to characterise pharmaceutical solids. Int J Pharm 2008; 364:159-69. [PMID: 18555625 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2008.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2008] [Revised: 04/30/2008] [Accepted: 04/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge of the solid-state properties is one of the key issues in understanding the performance of drugs. Recent developments in spectroscopic techniques have made them popular tools for solid phase analysis; they are fast, accurate and suitable for real-time measurements during processing, and further, they can be used to obtain structural understanding of solid forms, for example, by the use of multivariate analysis and computational chemistry. In this article emerging topics related to spectroscopic analysis of pharmaceutical solids are reviewed. The following areas are highlighted: (1) the importance of multivariate methods in the analysis of solid forms when using spectroscopic techniques, (2) spectroscopic analysis of processing-induced solid phase transformations in the manufacturing setting, (3) novel spectroscopic techniques and pharmaceutical examples of their use, and (4) the advantages and the use of computational simulation of vibrational spectra. The topics listed are thought to be of the foremost importance in improving the understanding of pharmaceutical materials, processes and formulations.
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14
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Barhoumi A, Zhang D, Tam F, Halas NJ. Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy of DNA. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:5523-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja800023j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 416] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aoune Barhoumi
- Departments of Chemistry, Electrical and Computer Engineering, and Physics and Astronomy and the Laboratory for Nanophotonics, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005
| | - Dongmao Zhang
- Departments of Chemistry, Electrical and Computer Engineering, and Physics and Astronomy and the Laboratory for Nanophotonics, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005
| | - Felicia Tam
- Departments of Chemistry, Electrical and Computer Engineering, and Physics and Astronomy and the Laboratory for Nanophotonics, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005
| | - Naomi J. Halas
- Departments of Chemistry, Electrical and Computer Engineering, and Physics and Astronomy and the Laboratory for Nanophotonics, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005
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15
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Ren L, Huang XL, Zhang B, Sun LP, Zhang QQ, Tan MC, Chow GM. Cisplatin-loaded Au–Au2S nanoparticles for potential cancer therapy: Cytotoxicity,in vitro carcinogenicity, and cellular uptake. J Biomed Mater Res A 2008; 85:787-96. [PMID: 17896762 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.31608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin is one of the most effective cytotoxic agents against cancers. Its usage, however, is limited because of severe resistance and systemic toxicity. A formulation of cisplatin-loaded Au-Au(2)S nanoparticles (NPs) with near-IR (NIR) sensitivity is reported to partly overcome this limitation in this paper. NIR sensitive Au-Au(2)S NPs were successfully synthesized by the reduction of tetrachloroauric acid (HAuCl(4)) using sodium sulfide (Na(2)S), and cisplatin was loaded onto Au-Au(2)S NPs via a MUA (11-mercaptoundecanoic acid) layer. To further investigate the biological safety of cisplatin-loaded Au-Au(2)S NPs, three different cell lines were used to investigate the acute cytotoxicity and the long-term potential carcinogenicity in vitro. Cisplatin-loaded Au-Au(2)S NPs were also tested for limited hemocompatibility in vitro. Our in vitro short and long-term data provided preliminary evidence suggesting that cisplatin-loaded Au-Au(2)S NPs with NIR sensitivity are nontoxic below the maximum recommended dosage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ren
- Research Center of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Day EF, Payne TA, Holt CA. Mass spectrometric study of dirhenium biscarboxylate:purine dinucleotide complexes. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2007; 21:903-10. [PMID: 17315275 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.2910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Dirhenium adducts of purine dinucleotides were identified by mass spectrometry. In consecutive studies, Re(2)(O(2)C(2)H(3))(2)Cl(4) . 2H(2)O was reacted with 2'-deoxyguanylyl(3'-->5')-2'-deoxyguanosine (dGpG) and 2'-deoxyadenylyl(3'-->5')-2'-deoxyguanosine (dApG) in H(2)O or D(2)O. These reactions were monitored to identify novel dinuclear rhenium:dinucleotide complexes as confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS), electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and collision-induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometry (CID MS/MS) experiments. However, the most abundant adducts detected by ES-MS were dirhenium:nucleotide species. Of these, guanine-containing ions were observed with highest ion counts suggesting a preference for guanine coordination. Dimetal adducts showed coordination of the purine bases and common metalated fragments were observed for both dGpG and dApG reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth F Day
- Chemistry Department, College of the Pacific, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA.
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Yan X, Gemeinhart RA. Cisplatin delivery from poly(acrylic acid-co-methyl methacrylate) microparticles. J Control Release 2006; 106:198-208. [PMID: 15979187 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2005.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2005] [Revised: 05/02/2005] [Accepted: 05/03/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
To develop a platform for tumor chemotherapy, poly(acrylic acid-co-methyl methacrylate) microparticles have been synthesized. Carboxylate containing monomers were included to complex therapeutic agents, specifically cisplatin. Microparticles were prepared by free radical emulsion polymerization in aqueous media. Particle diameter, zeta-potential, in vitro cytotoxicity, and in vivo acute toxicity were characterized for both cisplatin-loaded microparticles and unloaded microparticles. In vitro cytotoxicity and FT-IR were used to characterize cisplatin released from cisplatin-loaded microparticles. Acrylic acid feed mole fraction determined several key microparticle properties, including particle size, zeta-potential, and yield. A burst release of cisplatin (40%) in the first day was followed by a zero-order release phase. The interaction between cisplatin and microparticles allowed approximately 20% additional cisplatin release in the next five days. Cisplatin-loaded and unloaded microparticles are non-toxic (LC50>15 mM) to the cell line used in in vitro tests. Cisplatin released from cisplatin-loaded microparticles retained activity, but that activity was slightly lower than freshly prepared cisplatin. Other than a slight reduction in cisplatin activity, microparticles exhibited low in vivo acute toxicity (LD50>170 mg/kg), which suggests that this hydrogel particulate system and the hydrogel complexation mechanism should further be studied for drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Yan
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
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18
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Wysokiński R, Kuduk-Jaworska J, Michalska D. Electronic structure, Raman and infrared spectra, and vibrational assignment of carboplatin. Density functional theory studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theochem.2005.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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19
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Dobrogorskaia-Méreau II, Nemukhin AV. Quantum chemical modeling of the reduction of cis-diammineplatinum(IV) tetrachloride [Pt(NH3)2Cl4] by methyl thiolate anion. J Comput Chem 2005; 26:865-70. [PMID: 15825188 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.20224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We present here both an ab initio and quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) study of the cis-[Pt(NH3)2Cl4] complex reduction by methyl thiolate anion, SCH(-3), which is used as a model of glutathione. Geometry and electronic structure of cis-[Pt(NH3)2Cl4] are determined without and in aqueous medium. The mechanism of the reaction of reduction is characterized. The calculated activation energy of the reaction compares remarkably well with the experimental value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ia I Dobrogorskaia-Méreau
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie Moléculaire, Université Bordeaux 1, Bât. A12, 33405 Talence cedex, France.
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Šponer JE, Sychrovský V, Hobza P, Šponer J. Interactions of hydrated divalent metal cations with nucleic acid bases. How to relate the gas phase data to solution situation and binding selectivity in nucleic acids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2004. [DOI: 10.1039/b404306p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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