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Frézard F, Aguiar MMG, Ferreira LAM, Ramos GS, Santos TT, Borges GSM, Vallejos VMR, De Morais HLO. Liposomal Amphotericin B for Treatment of Leishmaniasis: From the Identification of Critical Physicochemical Attributes to the Design of Effective Topical and Oral Formulations. Pharmaceutics 2022; 15:pharmaceutics15010099. [PMID: 36678729 PMCID: PMC9864876 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The liposomal amphotericin B (AmB) formulation, AmBisome®, still represents the best therapeutic option for cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis. However, its clinical efficacy depends on the patient's immunological status, the clinical manifestation and the endemic region. Moreover, the need for parenteral administration, its side effects and high cost significantly limit its use in developing countries. This review reports the progress achieved thus far toward the understanding of the mechanism responsible for the reduced toxicity of liposomal AmB formulations and the factors that influence their efficacy against leishmaniasis. It also presents the recent advances in the development of more effective liposomal AmB formulations, including topical and oral liposome formulations. The critical role of the AmB aggregation state and release rate in the reduction of drug toxicity and in the drug efficacy by non-invasive routes is emphasized. This paper is expected to guide future research and development of innovative liposomal formulations of AmB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Frézard
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-31-34092940
| | - Marta M. G. Aguiar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Lucas A. M. Ferreira
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Guilherme S. Ramos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Thais T. Santos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Gabriel S. M. Borges
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Virgínia M. R. Vallejos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Helane L. O. De Morais
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
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2
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Kagan S, Ickowicz DE, Domb AJ, Dagan A, Polacheck I. Unique aggregation of conjugated amphotericin B and its interaction with lipid membranes. Med Mycol 2018; 55:414-421. [PMID: 28339539 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myw099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this paper was to investigate the aggregation of amphotericin B (AMB) and AMB-arabinogalactan conjugate (AMB-AGC), and the interactions of these drugs with free and membrane-embedded sterols. Aggregation of AMB and AMB-AGC was studied by circular dichroic (CD) and UV absorbance spectroscopic techniques. The effect of liposomes on the spectra was utilized to investigate the interactions of aggregates with membrane-embedded sterols. Interaction with free sterols was studied by measuring sterols' effect on AMB/AMB-AGC susceptibility test. The results demonstrated that AMB-AGC forms unique aggregates in aqueous solution which differ from those formed by free AMB. Ergosterol and cholesterol embedded in liposomes, affected the CD spectra obtained for both AMB and AMB-AGC, indicating interactions of these sterols with both drugs. Interaction with both cholesterol and ergosterol resulted in an increase of AMB-AGC's minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) in Candida albicans. In conclusion, AMB-AGC forms unique aggregates in aqueous solution; these aggregates interact with membrane-embedded cholesterol and ergosterol and with free sterols. These results indicate that the selectivity of AMB-AGC to fungal cells may not occur due to inability to bind cholesterol but probably as a result of this unique aggregation. Understanding this mechanism may help to develop a safer AMB formulation for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Kagan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Diana E Ickowicz
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Abraham J Domb
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Arie Dagan
- Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Itzhack Polacheck
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
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3
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Belakhov VV, Garabadzhiu AV. Polyene macrolide antibiotics: Mechanisms of inactivation, ways of stabilization, and methods of disposal of unusable drugs (Review). RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363215130174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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4
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Jameson LP, Dzyuba SV. Circular dichroism studies on intermolecular interactions of amphotericin B in ionic liquid-rich environments. Chirality 2013; 25:427-32. [PMID: 23695916 DOI: 10.1002/chir.22142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Aggregation of amphotericin B (AmB) in an ionic liquid-rich environment was investigated using circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. It was found that nature of the ionic liquids' anion had a strong impact not only on the aggregation of AmB, but more importantly on the nature of AmB aggregates, as observed in the asymmetry of the exciton couplet of the aggregate in CD spectra. Unique CD signals for AmB aggregates were observed in three different 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium ionic liquid solutions: [C4 -mim]Br favored the formation of AmB aggregates that were similar to those found in water, whereas [C4 -mim]BF4 and [C4 -mim]NO3 produced AmB aggregates that were different from each other and those found in water. The obtained results suggest that the designer solvent ability of ionic liquids could be expanded to address numerous intermolecular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laramie P Jameson
- Department of Chemistry, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76129, USA
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5
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Smith NW, Annunziata O, Dzyuba SV. Amphotericin B interactions with soluble oligomers of amyloid Abeta1-42 peptide. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:2366-70. [PMID: 19268601 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2008] [Revised: 02/03/2009] [Accepted: 02/07/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Amphotericin B has recently been suggested as an efficient inhibitor of amyloid peptide fibril formation; however its interactions with more neurotoxic, soluble forms of amyloid peptides have not been reported to date. Circular dichroism spectroscopy allowed for distinguishing between the binding and inhibition of aggregation events: amphotericin B distinctly interacts with both unordered and ordered, beta-structure-rich soluble oligomeric forms of Abeta1-42 peptide, yet amphotericin B has no measurable impact neither on the secondary structure nor on time-dependent aggregation profile of the amyloid peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas W Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76129, USA
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6
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Organization of polyene antibiotic amphotericin B at the argon–water interface. Biophys Chem 2008; 137:110-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2008.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2008] [Revised: 08/01/2008] [Accepted: 08/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Mixed micellar nanoparticle of amphotericin B and poly styrene-block-poly ethylene oxide reduces nephrotoxicity but retains antifungal activity. Arch Pharm Res 2007; 30:1344-9. [PMID: 18038914 DOI: 10.1007/bf02980276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Mixed micellar nanoparticle consisting of amphotericin B (AmB) and poly styrene-block-poly ethylene oxide (PS-block-PEO) was prepared by high pressure homogenizer. Nephrotoxicity of the nanoparticle was investigated along with antifungal activity and self-aggregation status of the drug in the nanoparticle. Nephrotoxicity was markedly reduced when AmB was intravenously administered to rats as mixed micellar nanoparticle with PS-block-PEO in terms of transmission electron microscopy of tubular cells and creatinine clearance. Antifungal activity of AmB was not altered when the drug was in the form of mixed micellar nanoparticle compared to both conventional formulation and AmB micelle treated by same procedure without PS-block-PEO. Self-aggregation status of AmB molecules revealed monomeric in the mixed micellar nanoparticle with PS-block-PEO up to the therapeutic level of the drug (1-3 mM). The reduced nephrotoxicity of AmB in mixed micellar nanoparticle may be associated with the existence of the drug as monomeric form in the nanoparticle. Based on our result, formulation of AmB as mixed micellar nanoparticle with PS-block-PEO may be a promising alternative for the treatment of fungal diseases in patients who are at risk of renal dysfunction.
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Stoodley R, Wasan KM, Bizzotto D. Fluorescence of amphotericin B-deoxycholate (fungizone) monomers and aggregates and the effect of heat-treatment. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2007; 23:8718-25. [PMID: 17637009 DOI: 10.1021/la7008573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence excitation and emission spectra are reported for the polyene macrolide antifungal agent Amphotericin B formulated as micellar dispersion Fungizone (FZ) and its modified counterpart heat-treated Fungizone. The addition of sodium dodecyl sulfate or sodium deoxycholate surfactant to modulate the aggregation state of Amphotericin B confirms that the monomer and dimer states have different fluorescence spectra. Energy transfer from excited dimer to monomer is observed. Both FZ and heat-treated FZ (HTFZ) show expected S1 --> S0 fluorescence emission as well as anti-Kasha fluorescence emission from the S2 state. The excitation and S1 --> S0 emission spectra of HTFZ are similar to those of FZ, while the S2 --> S0 fluorescence differs in intensity between them. The variation in the rate constant for internal conversion from S2 to S1 as the surfactant concentration is increased differs for FZ and HTFZ; we propose that this may form a new basis for examining the super-aggregated character of AmB preparations. FZ and HTFZ have a similar stability to disaggregation by added sodium dodecyl sulfate surfactant. These findings provide the groundwork for future fluorescence characterization of FZ or HTFZ interactions with cell membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Stoodley
- Advanced Materials and Process Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada
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9
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Ménez C, Legrand P, Rosilio V, Lesieur S, Barratt G. Physicochemical characterization of molecular assemblies of miltefosine and amphotericin B. Mol Pharm 2007; 4:281-8. [PMID: 17397240 DOI: 10.1021/mp0601143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the interactions between two amphiphilic molecules with antileishmanial activity, amphotericin B (AmB) and miltefosine [hexadecylphosphocholine (HePC)], the latter being effective by the oral route. The effect of HePC on the aggregation state of AmB in aqueous solution and the interactions between the two agents were monitored using absorption spectroscopy and circular dichroism. Structural characterization of the mixed aggregates formed in water by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and cryofracture electron microscopy was performed. At concentrations above its critical micelle concentration, HePC was shown to interact with AmB, leading to an increase in the proportion of AmB in its monomeric form as a result of a micellar solubilization mechanism with a capacity of 26 +/- 3 mmol of AmB solubilized/mol of HePC, that is, nearly 40 molecules of HePC per molecule of AmB in the mixed micelles. These were revealed as individual and spherical aggregates close to 10 nm in diameter by both electron microscopy and DLS. Such a micellar formulation provides a new AmB-based system which might be useful in delivering AmB orally for visceral leishmaniasis bitherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Ménez
- Laboratoire de Physico-chimie, Pharmacotechnie et Biopharmacie, UMR CNRS 8612, Univ Paris-Sud 11, Faculté de Pharmacie, IFR 141, Châtenay-Malabry, France
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Baginski M, Cybulska B, Gruszecki WI. Chapter 9 Interaction of Polyene Macrolide Antibiotics with Lipid Model Membranes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1554-4516(05)03009-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
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11
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Koontz JL, Marcy JE. Formation of natamycin:cyclodextrin inclusion complexes and their characterization. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2003; 51:7106-7110. [PMID: 14611179 DOI: 10.1021/jf030332y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Natamycin is a broad spectrum antimycotic with very low water solubility, which is used to extend the shelf life of shredded cheese products. beta-Cyclodextrin (beta-CD), hydroxypropyl beta-cyclodextrin (HP beta-CD), and gamma-cyclodextrin (gamma-CD) were found to form inclusion complexes with natamycin in aqueous solution. The increase in solubility of natamycin with added beta-CD was observed to be linear (type A(L) phase solubility diagram). The 1:1 stability constant of natamycin:beta-CD complex was estimated from its phase solubility diagram to be 1010 M(-1). The phase solubility diagrams of both gamma-CD and HP beta-CD exhibited negative deviation from linearity (type A(N) diagram) and, therefore, did not allow the estimation of binding constants. The water solubility of natamycin was increased 16-fold, 73-fold, and 152-fold with beta-CD, gamma-CD, and HP beta-CD, respectively. The natamycin:CD inclusion complexes resulted in in vitro antifungal activity nearly equivalent to that of natamycin in its free state.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L Koontz
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
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12
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Zsila F, Bikádi Z, Keresztes Z, Deli J, Simonyi M. Investigation of the Self-Organization of Lutein and Lutein Diacetate by Electronic Absorption, Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy, and Atomic Force Microscopy. J Phys Chem B 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp011626u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Zsila
- Departments of Molecular Pharmacology and of Surface Chemistry and Corrosion Research, Institute of Chemistry, Chemical Research Center, Budapest, P.O. Box 17, 1525 Hungary, and Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, P.O. Box 99, 7601 Hungary
| | - Zsolt Bikádi
- Departments of Molecular Pharmacology and of Surface Chemistry and Corrosion Research, Institute of Chemistry, Chemical Research Center, Budapest, P.O. Box 17, 1525 Hungary, and Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, P.O. Box 99, 7601 Hungary
| | - Zsófia Keresztes
- Departments of Molecular Pharmacology and of Surface Chemistry and Corrosion Research, Institute of Chemistry, Chemical Research Center, Budapest, P.O. Box 17, 1525 Hungary, and Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, P.O. Box 99, 7601 Hungary
| | - József Deli
- Departments of Molecular Pharmacology and of Surface Chemistry and Corrosion Research, Institute of Chemistry, Chemical Research Center, Budapest, P.O. Box 17, 1525 Hungary, and Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, P.O. Box 99, 7601 Hungary
| | - Miklós Simonyi
- Departments of Molecular Pharmacology and of Surface Chemistry and Corrosion Research, Institute of Chemistry, Chemical Research Center, Budapest, P.O. Box 17, 1525 Hungary, and Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, P.O. Box 99, 7601 Hungary
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13
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Zsila F, Bikádi Z, Deli J, Simonyi M. Configuration of a single centre determines chirality of supramolecular carotenoid self-assembly. Tetrahedron Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(01)00183-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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14
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Aramwit P, Yu BG, Lavasanifar A, Samuel J, Kwon GS. The effect of serum albumin on the aggregation state and toxicity of amphotericin B. J Pharm Sci 2000; 89:1589-93. [PMID: 11042607 DOI: 10.1002/1520-6017(200012)89:12<1589::aid-jps10>3.0.co;2-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Studies have shown that the dose-limiting toxicity of amphotericin B (AmB), a key drug for systemic mycoses, depends on its self-aggregation state. In a step toward understanding the various factors in blood mediating the toxicity of AmB, we have investigated the effect of serum albumin, the most abundant plasma protein, on the aggregation state of AmB using absorption spectroscopy. The critical aggregation concentration (CAC) of AmB, which coincides with its concentration at the onset of toxicity (hemolysis), was 1.1 microM, but rose in proportion to the level of serum albumin (1.0 to 4.0% w/v). The CAC of AmB was 8.0 microM at 4.0% w/v serum albumin, which is considerably higher than peak therapeutic levels of AmB in plasma (i.e., 2.0 microM). Serum albumin (4.0% w/v) lowered the degree of aggregation of AmB (size of aggregates) above the CAC and increased its solubility. The results suggest that serum albumin attenuates the toxicity of AmB at a membrane level by affecting its aggregation state. In this way, serum albumin in blood may balance deleterious effects of AmB mediated by serum low-density lipoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Aramwit
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1515, USA
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Schreier S, Malheiros SV, de Paula E. Surface active drugs: self-association and interaction with membranes and surfactants. Physicochemical and biological aspects. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2000; 1508:210-34. [PMID: 11090827 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-4157(00)00012-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 527] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Many pharmacologically active compounds are of amphiphilic (or hydrophobic) nature. As a result, they tend to self-associate and to interact with biological membranes. This review focuses on the self-aggregation properties of drugs, as well as on their interaction with membranes. It is seen that drug-membrane interactions are analogous to the interactions between membranes and classical detergents. Phenomena such as shape changes, vesiculation, membrane disruption, and solubilization have been observed. At the molecular level, these events seem to be modulated by lipid flip-flop and formation of non-bilayer phases. The modulation of physicochemical properties of drugs by self-association and membrane binding is discussed. Pathological consequences of drug-membrane interaction are described. The mechanisms of drug solubilization by surfactants are reviewed from the physicochemical point of view and in relation to drug carrying and absorption by the organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Schreier
- Departmento de Bioquimica, Instituto de Quimica, Universidade de Saõ Paulo, Brazil.
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16
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Chung TW, Kim BJ, Park SY, Akaike T, Nah JW, Cho CS. Induced Circular Dichroism of Disperse Red Dye in the Self-Assembled Nanoparticles Composed of Poly(γ-benzyl l-glutamate) and Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and Its Phase Transition by Temperature. Macromolecules 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/ma000480e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taek Woong Chung
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Suwon 441-744, Korea; Department of Fiber and Polymer Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea; Faculty of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 227, Japan; and Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 540-742, Korea
| | - Beom Jun Kim
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Suwon 441-744, Korea; Department of Fiber and Polymer Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea; Faculty of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 227, Japan; and Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 540-742, Korea
| | - Soo Young Park
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Suwon 441-744, Korea; Department of Fiber and Polymer Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea; Faculty of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 227, Japan; and Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 540-742, Korea
| | - Toshihiro Akaike
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Suwon 441-744, Korea; Department of Fiber and Polymer Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea; Faculty of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 227, Japan; and Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 540-742, Korea
| | - Jae Woon Nah
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Suwon 441-744, Korea; Department of Fiber and Polymer Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea; Faculty of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 227, Japan; and Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 540-742, Korea
| | - Chong Su Cho
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Suwon 441-744, Korea; Department of Fiber and Polymer Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea; Faculty of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 227, Japan; and Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 540-742, Korea
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Moribe K, Maruyama K, Iwatsuru M. Molecular localization and state of amphotericin B in PEG liposomes. Int J Pharm 1999; 193:97-106. [PMID: 10581426 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-5173(99)00323-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the molecular localization and state of amphotericin B (AmB) encapsulated in polyethylene glycol (PEG)-coated liposomes. AmB-encapsulating PEG-liposomes composed of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), cholesterol (CH) and distearoyl-N-(monomethoxy poly(ethylene glycol)succinyl) phosphatidylethanolamine (DSPE-PEG, average MW of the PEG chain 2000) were prepared by hydration with 9% sucrose solution and extrusion. The amount of AmB encapsulated in the liposomes increased with incorporation of DSPE-PEG and decreased with that of CH. The molecular localization and state of AmB were investigated by PEG/dextran two-phase partition, potassium permeability measurement, fluorescence quenching measurement and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. The results suggest that there are two types of AmB localization in PEG-liposomes, one of which corresponds to the complex of AmB with DSPE-PEG on the membrane surface, while the other corresponds to the pore form of AmB in the hydrophobic core of the liposomal membrane. AmB in PEG liposomes was present in both aggregated and monomeric states.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Moribe
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, Sagamiko, Kanagawa, Japan
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18
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Yu BG, Okano T, Kataoka K, Sardari S, Kwon GS. In vitro dissociation of antifungal efficacy and toxicity for amphotericin B-loaded poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(beta benzyl L aspartate) micelles. J Control Release 1998; 56:285-91. [PMID: 9801451 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-3659(98)00095-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Amphotericin B (AmB) is a membrane-active drug used frequently for the treatment of systemic fungal diseases. Limitations for the use of AmB include poor water solubility and potential for serious systemic toxicities. Recently, it has been demonstrated that the aggregation state of AmB is a determinant factor for toxicity. To increase its therapeutic index, AmB has been solubilized in micelles based on poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(beta-benzyl-l-aspartate) (PEO-block-PBLA), using a dialysis method of drug loading. The aggregation state of AmB has been investigated by electronic absorption spectroscopy. AmB loaded in PEO-block-PBLA micelles is non-hemolytic for concentrations up to 15 microgram/ml. AmB as Fungizone(R) initiates hemolysis at 1.0 microgram/ml. The onset of hemolysis correlates with the respective critical aggregation concentrations (CACs) of AmB. The antifungal activity of the AmB-loaded PEO-block-PBLA micelles is four to eight times higher than Fungizone(R) in terms of minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs). PEO-block-PBLA has no antifungal activity for concentrations up to 200 microgram/ml. The basis for the increase in antifungal activity of AmB-loaded PEO-block-PBLA micelles is unclear, but may be related to a stabilizing effect of the polymeric micelles against auto-oxidation of the AmB heptaene moiety or alternatively, an enhancement in membrane perturbation of fungal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- B G Yu
- 425 N. Charter Street, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706-1515, USA
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Espuelas M, Legrand P, Irache J, Gamazo C, Orecchioni A, Devissaguet JP, Ygartua P. Poly(ε-caprolacton) nanospheres as an alternative way to reduce amphotericin B toxicity. Int J Pharm 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0378-5173(97)00194-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Nuckolls
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University New York, New York 10027
| | - Thomas J. Katz
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University New York, New York 10027
| | - Louis Castellanos
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University New York, New York 10027
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Abstract
Molecular dynamics simulations were performed for a dimer of the antifungal antibiotic, amphotericin B, in water. In the first step of the work three appropriately selected versions of the dimer structure were taken into consideration. In each version antibiotic molecules were placed antiparallel with polar and ionizable groups outside the hydrophobic core formed by polyene chromophores. During short dynamic simulations versions of the dimer structure were compared in respect of the energy of dimerization. The highest energy was observed for the structure in which polyene chromophores superimposed each other as much as possible and this version was subjected to the main simulation. The analysis of 66 snapshot geometries stored during 33 ps dynamic trajectory allowed us to draw three main conclusions: (i) the relative orientation of the amino-sugar moiety and chromophore as well as conformation of the antibiotic macrolide ring were different in both molecules and could exhibit dynamic changes, (ii) the dimer structure exhibited intrinsic asymmetry which could be responsible for characteristic circular dichroism spectra of the aggregated form of the antibiotic, (iii) relatively high stability of the dimer structure resulted not only from hydrophobic interactions between chromophores but also from hydrogen bonds networks that were observed around polar terminals of antibiotic molecules. Implications of these features of the dimer structure for its susceptibility on the ionic state of carboxyl and/or amino groups are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mazerski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Technical University of Gdańsk, Poland
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22
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Caillet J, Bergés J, Langlet J. Theoretical study of the self-association of amphotericin B. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1995; 1240:179-95. [PMID: 8541289 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(95)00169-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this present work is the study of self-association of amphotericin B (AmB) at a molecular levels, because of its importance in the toxicity of this antibiotic. Molecular mechanics calculations have been performed considering different conformations of the polar head of AmB, the two most stable ones we have determined (B and C) and the one issued from the X-ray data. Our calculations have shown that both head-to-head and head-to-tail stable dimers were found within an energy range between -30 and -40 kcal/mol, the very stable head-to-head dimer with the polar head within C conformation having an energy of -46.8 kcal/mol. We have shown that both electrostatic and Van der Waals terms contribute to the total interaction energy but their relative weight depends on the conformation of the polar head and on the head-to-head and head-to-tail structures involved in the dimer. Thus the electrostatic contribution does no particularly stabilize the head-to-tail dimer. Furthermore an explicit calculation of the dipole moment in the ground state of AmB has disproved the current assertion upon the greatest stabilization of head-to-tail dimers by electrostatic dipole-dipole interaction. Among all the dimers we have calculated, we have found a group denoted G1 with a geometrical structure consistent with absorption data, namely a blue-shift of the dimer main absorption band with regard to the monomer one. In this group G1 we have found two isoenergetic (-38.8 kcal/mol) very stable head-to-head and head-to-tail dimers. We have found that, as a rule, the self-association of AmB in dimers is more favourable than the complexation with the cholesterol and, in a less extent, with the ergosterol. It seems that these features could be also observed for some trimers, that we have roughly calculated.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Caillet
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
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23
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Coutinho A, Prieto M. Self-association of the polyene antibiotic nystatin in dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles: a time-resolved fluorescence study. Biophys J 1995; 69:2541-57. [PMID: 8599661 PMCID: PMC1236492 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(95)80125-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction between Nystatin and small unilamellar vesicles of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, both in gel (T = 21 degrees C) and in liquid-crystalline (T = 45 degrees C) phases, was studied by steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence measurements by taking advantage of the intrinsic tetraene fluorophore present in this antibiotic. It was shown that Nystatin aggregates in aqueous solution with a critical concentration of 3 microM. The enhancement in the fluorescence intensity of the antibiotic was applied to study the membrane binding of Nystatin, and it was shown that the antibiotic had an almost fivefold higher partition coefficient for the vesicles in a gel (P = (1.4 +/- 0.1) x 10(3)) than in a liquid-crystalline phase (P = (2.9 +/- 0.1) x 10(2)). Moreover, a time-resolved fluorescence study was used to examine Nystatin aggregation in the membrane. The emission decay kinetics of Nystatin was described by three and two exponentials in the lipid membrane at 21 degrees C and 45 degrees C, respectively. Nystatin mean fluorescence lifetime is concentration-dependent in gel phase lipids, increasing steeply from 11 to 33 ns at an antibiotic concentration of 5-6 microM, but the fluorescence decay parameters of Nystatin were unvarying with the antibiotic concentration in fluid lipids. These results provide evidence for the formation of strongly fluorescent antibiotic aggregates in gel-phase membrane, an interpretation that is at variance with a previous study. However, no antibiotic self-association was detected in a liquid-crystalline lipid bilayer within the antibiotic concentration range studied (0-14 microM).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Coutinho
- Centro de Química-Física Molecular, Complexo I, Instituto-Superior Técnico, Lisboa, Portugal
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24
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Castanho MA, Brown W, Prieto MJ. Filipin and its interaction with cholesterol in aqueous media studied using static and dynamic light scattering. Biopolymers 1994; 34:447-56. [PMID: 8186358 DOI: 10.1002/bip.360340402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Aggregation of filipin in aqueous medium and filipin-induced changes in cholesterol micelles have been studied using intensity and dynamic light scattering. The dependencies of filipin aggregate dimensions on concentration, solvent, and temperature were studied, and revealed that the aggregates do not have a well-defined geometry, i.e., a critical micelle concentration cannot be detected and stable structures are not formed. The aggregates are of size Rg approximately 110 nm and Rh approximately 63 nm, referring to the radius of gyration and hydrodynamic radius, respectively. In the concentration range studied (1 microM < C < 30 microM), a low molecular weight species (monomer/dimer) is always present together with the aggregates. In ethanol/water mixtures, large (Rg approximately 500 nm), narrow distribution aggregates are formed in the water volume fraction range 0.45 < phi H2O < 0.65. Aggregation also occurs on changing the temperature; In the range 7-37 degrees C, smaller aggregates (10-30 nm form and the process is only partially reversible. No pronounced effect of filipin on the structure of the cholesterol micelles was observed (a small increase in Rg and Rh is noted). These results rule out any "specificity" for the filipin interactions with cholesterol, which has been considered a key event in the filipin biochemical mode of action. A reevaluation of this question is suggested and some alternatives are advanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Castanho
- Centro de Química Física Molecular, Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisboa, Portugal
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26
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Balakrishnan AR, Easwaran KR. Conformation of polyene antibiotic, filipin III: CD and 1H NMR studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 1993; 11:417-28. [PMID: 8286065 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.1993.10508735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Detailed studies on the solution conformation of polyene antibiotic, filipin III using circular dichroism (CD) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance techniques have been carried out. In dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), filipin III exhibits concentration dependent aggregation-monomeric at lower and oligomeric at higher concentrations of the antibiotic. At concentrations used for 1H NMR studies (6 x 10(-3)M) the molecule coexists as monomeric and oligomeric species. However, titration experiments indicated that, in a mixed solvent system of DMSO:methanol (2:3 v/v) the antibiotic exists only as a monomer. Complete 1H NMR assignments and the conformation of the monomer filipin III have been determined by the combined use of DQFCOSY and ROESY experiments in DMSO:methanol solvent system.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Balakrishnan
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore
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27
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Balakrishnan AR, Easwaran KR. Lipid-amphotericin B complex structure in solution: a possible first step in the aggregation process in cell membranes. Biochemistry 1993; 32:4139-44. [PMID: 8471621 DOI: 10.1021/bi00066a040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The interactions between the polyene antibiotic amphotericin B with dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine were investigated in vesicles (using circular dichroism) and in chloroform solution (using circular dichroism and 1H, 13C, and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance). The results show that amphotericin B readily aggregates in vesicles and that the extent of aggregation depends on the lipid:drug concentration ratio. Introduction of sterol molecules into the membrane hastens the process of aggregation of amphotericin B. In chloroform solutions amphotericin B strongly interacts with phospholipid molecules to form a stoichiometric complex. The results suggest that there are interactions between the conjugated heptene stretch of amphotericin B and the methylene groups of lipid acyl chains, while the sugar moiety interacts with the phosphate head group by the formation of a hydrogen bond. A model is proposed for the lipid-amphotericin B complex, in which amphotericin B interacts equally well with the two lipid acyl chains, forming a 1:1 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Balakrishnan
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore
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28
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Shervani Z. Aggregation of polyene antibiotics as revealed by absorption spectroscopy. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0927-7757(93)80294-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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29
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Tasset C, Préat V, Roland M. The influence of Myrj 59 on the solubility, toxicity and activity of amphotericin B. J Pharm Pharmacol 1991; 43:297-302. [PMID: 1680169 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1991.tb06693.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The effect of Myrj 59 (a polyoxyethyleneglycol derivative of stearic acid) on amphotericin B (Am B) solubility, toxicity and activity has been investigated. We showed that Myrj 59 could solubilize the antibiotic. Moreover, it also decreased and abolished the haemolytic activity of the drug by increasing the resistance of the red blood cells and impairing the interaction of Am B with the cellular membrane cholesterol, but it did not modify the in-vitro antifungal activity of the drug. On the other hand, Myrj 59 did not decrease the acute in-vivo toxicity of the drug (LD50 and nephrotoxicity). In a previous study we have shown that a polyoxyethleneglycol derivative of cholesterol could solubilize Am B and was able to decrease the in-vitro and in-vivo toxicity of the antibiotic without altering its in-vitro antifungal activity. The results of the present study suggest that the cholesterol moiety of the surfactant is not necessary to decrease the in-vitro lytic activity of the drug but could play a role in the reduction of the in-vivo toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Tasset
- Laboratoire de Pharmacie Galénique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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30
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Peterson RP, Benz SK, Whyte BS, Hartsel SC. A kinetic method for measuring functional delivery of amphotericin B by drug delivery systems. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1991; 1064:165-8. [PMID: 1851039 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(91)90424-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The human toxicity of amphotericin B can be considerably reduced by associating the drug with liposomes of varying lipid compositions. Some lipid compositions are much more effective than others. We show that a simple kinetic fluorescence assay using pyranine as an indirect probe of amphotericin-induced K+ currents may be used to study different liposomal drug delivery systems in vitro. We find that lipid mixtures composed of DMPC/DMPG/amphotericin at a 7:3:1 mole ratio show very slow functional delivery with a preference for ergosterol over cholesterol-containing membrane vesicles. On the other hand, amphotericin delivered from egg phosphatidylcholine liposomes lead to 100-fold increases in K+ leakage at one-fifth the amphotericin concentration of the 7:3:1 system. The egg phosphatidylcholine system as well as micellar amphotericin also show a slight selectivity towards cholesterol-containing vesicles over ergosterol. These results are consistent with previous clinical and in vitro cellular studies and this technique may prove valuable in screening of other delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Peterson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire 54702
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31
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Lamy-Freund MT, Schreier S, Peitzsch RM, Reed WF. Characterization and time dependence of amphotericin B: deoxycholate aggregation by quasielastic light scattering. J Pharm Sci 1991; 80:262-6. [PMID: 1646878 DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600800314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Quasielastic light scattering measurements of amphotericin B (AB):deoxycholate (DOC) preparations provided information about particle size and aggregation as a function of concentration. The data allowed the time dependence of the aggregation to be followed and indicated that the initial rates of the change in average equivalent hydrodynamic diameter increased with decreasing concentration. The results extend the model proposed by Lamy-Freund and co-workers, which describes AB:DOC systems as consisting of AB:DOC mixed aggregates co-existing with pure DOC micelles. Although the AB:DOC aggregates are unstable at all concentrations studied, the rate of aggregation increases by three orders of magnitude as the concentration is reduced from 20 mM (DOC concentration) to the concentration region of DOC micellization. These results are in agreement with the different distribution of AB and DOC in the body of experimental animals, and may be of relevance for the understanding of the serious toxic effects of AB.
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32
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Hamilton KS, Barber KR, Davis JH, Neil K, Grant CW. Phase behaviour of amphotericin B multilamellar vesicles. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1991; 1062:220-6. [PMID: 1848451 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(91)90396-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Because side effect profiles and key physical properties of liposomal amphotericin B reflect the molecular nature of the hydrated preparations, effort has been directed toward understanding this nature. We describe here an examination by differential scanning calorimetry in the region of the main transition of the phase behaviour of amphotericin B multilamellar liposomes used investigationally for patient treatment. Liposomes were composed of 7:3 dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine/dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol (7:3 DMPC/DMPG) containing up to 33 mol% drug. Preparations in which pure DMPC or pure 1-oleoyl-2-stearoylphosphatidylcholine (OSPC) was substituted for 7:3 DMPC/DMPG were subjected to the same measurements for comparison. The DSC-derived partial phase diagrams were similar to those previously recorded using EPR spectroscopy for unsonicated liposomes of 7:3 DMPC/DMPG containing amphotericin B, and for mixtures with different pure saturated and unsaturated phosphatidylcholines (Grant, C.W.M., et al. (1989) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 984, 11-20). Fluidization onset temperatures for liposome host matrices were relatively unaffected by drug compared to the temperatures of completion. This effect was particularly marked for the unsaturated phospholipid matrix. Partial phase diagrams were interpreted as demonstrating that amphotericin B has a tendency to separate into a rigid phase within the membrane. This is consistent with molecular modelling considerations which suggest that amphotericin B may exist as oligomers in a phospholipid matrix. Drug-induced alterations of DSC melting profiles for the phospholipid bilayers studied were less extensive than those reported for partially sonicated preparations of 7:3 DMPC/DMPG (Janoff, A.S., et al. (1989) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85, 6122-6126). Melting profiles obtained did not change upon further sample incubation, suggesting that the hydrated preparation represented a thermodynamically stable form.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Hamilton
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
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33
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Mazerski J, Grzybowska J, Borowski E. Influence of net charge on the aggregation and solubility behaviour of amphotericin B and its derivatives in aqueous media. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL : EBJ 1990; 18:159-64. [PMID: 2357943 DOI: 10.1007/bf02427375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The poor solubility of polyene antibiotics in aqueous media limits their application in the therapy of systemic fungal infections. In the present paper we have demonstrated that the ionic state (net electrical charge) of the antibiotic molecule is an important factor in determining the aggregation and solubility properties of amphotericin B and its derivatives. A multi-step model of polyene self-association in aqueous media has been proposed as an explanation for the fact that some major differences are observed when aggregation is monitored by different techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mazerski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Technical University of Gdańsk, Poland
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34
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Kajtár M, Vikmon M, Morlin E, Szejtli J. Aggregation of amphotericin B in the presence of gamma-cyclodextrin. Biopolymers 1989; 28:1585-96. [PMID: 2775849 DOI: 10.1002/bip.360280908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The macrolide antibiotic amphotericin B (AmB) forms an inclusion complex with gamma-cyclodextrin (gamma-CDx), resulting in a molecularly dispersed state of the drug. The state of aggregation of AmB in different solvents has been studied by absorption (uv-vis) and CD spectroscopy. While in aqueous solutions AmB forms colloid-like multimolecular aggregates, in the presence of gamma-CDx true solutions can be prepared, which show similar spectral properties as AmB dissolved in organic solvents. The AmB-gamma-CDx complex can be isolated as an amorphous, stable, water-soluble powder, indicating that gamma-CDx is a good carrier for the solubilization of this antibiotic. Using gamma-CDx as a carrier, the danger of precipitation of the drug during parenteral or intravenous administration can be largely reduced.
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35
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Lamy-Freund MT, Ferreira VF, Schreier S. Polydispersity of aggregates formed by the polyene antibiotic amphotericin B and deoxycholate. A spin label study. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1989; 981:207-12. [PMID: 2543458 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(89)90030-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The amphotericin B-deoxycholate (AB-DOC) system (1:2, mole basis) was studied with regard to its organizational properties making use of spin label ESR spectra. The spectra of a fatty acid spin label intercalated in AB-DOC preparations revealed two components, one strongly (S) and one weakly (W) immobilized. Spectral subtractions indicated that S corresponds to label in mixed AB-DOC aggregates while W is due to label in deoxycholate micelles. This situation, coexistence of different aggregates, is similar to that found in systems consisting of bile salts and phospholipids. The DOC/AB mole ratio in the mixed aggregate is highest when pure DOC micelles are present. Dilution leads to disappearance of the latter and to continuous loss of DOC from AB-DOC accompanied by an increase in size and decrease in solubility of the aggregates, as verified by filtration and centrifugation experiments. The results indicate that AB-DOC systems are polydisperse. Since amphotericin B preparations having different organizational properties display different toxic and therapeutic effect, the study of amphotericin B aggregates should help in understanding these phenomena at a molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Lamy-Freund
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
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36
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Kito M, Akutsu H, Sugeta H, Kyogoku Y, Sohn DH, Yu BS. Association of polyene antibiotics with sterols. Chem Biol Interact 1987; 64:61-70. [PMID: 3690724 DOI: 10.1016/0009-2797(87)90060-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Molecular interaction between amphotericin B and sterols in non-aqueous solutions was examined quantitatively by spectroscopic methods in order to support the view point that selectivity of amphotericin B is more pronounced in the presence of ergosterol than of cholesterol. The most likely association complexes between ergosterol and amphotericin B are 4:1, 6:1 stoichiometric complex when the concentrations of amphotericin B are 3.93 x 10(-4) M, 1.94 x 10(-4) M respectively. The presence of 3 beta-OH group is necessary but not enough for the association with amphotericin B. It appears that the extent of spectral change of amphotericin B induced by complexing sterol is greater for ergosterol than cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kito
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Japan
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37
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Hemenger RP, Kaplan T, Gray LJ. Structure of amphotericin B aggregates based on calculations of optical spectra. Biopolymers 1983. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.360220312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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38
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39
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Bergeron RJ, Scott J. Cholestatriene and ergostatetraene as in vivo and in vitro membrane and lipoprotein probes. J Lipid Res 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2275(20)38135-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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40
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Strauss G, Kral F. Borate complexes of amphotericin B: Polymeric species and aggregates in aqueous solutions. Biopolymers 1982. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.360210216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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41
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Rinnert H, Maigret B. Conformational analysis of amphotericin B. I, Isolated molecule. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1981; 101:853-60. [PMID: 7306117 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(81)91828-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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42
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Ernst C, Grange J, Rinnert H, Dupont G, Lematre J. Structure of amphotericin B aggregates as revealed by UV and CD spectroscopies. Biopolymers 1981. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.1981.360200802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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43
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Bolard J, Seigneuret M, Boudet G. Interaction between phospholipid bilayer membranes and the polyene antibiotic amphotericin B: lipid state and cholesterol content dependence. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1980; 599:280-93. [PMID: 7397150 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(80)90074-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between amphotericin B and egg yolk phosphatidylcholine, dimyristoyl (DMPC) and dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) phospholipid bilayer vesicles has been monitored by the circular dichroism (CD) spectra of amphotericin B at a 1 . 10(-5) M concentration. This method has revealed that amphotericin B may be present in a number of different forms depending on the time elapsed after the mixing, the cholesterol content of the vesicles and the vesicles' physical state. Some striking features of these CD detected species are the following: with egg yolk phosphatidylcholine and a molar cholesterol percentage lower than 25, at 25 degrees C several forms are coexistent, their amount is time-dependent; with dipalmitoyl or dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholines without cholesterol or with a cholesterol molar percentage lower than 25, in the gel state, a form different from the former appears very rapidly; with egg yolk phosphatidylcholine, DMPC and DPPC at a molar cholesterol percentage between 25 and 50 a new form is monitored, identical in the three cases and observed in the liquid crystalline state as well as in the gel state. In the case of the three phospholipids without cholesterol a definite interaction with the antibiotic is observed but with different characteristics according to the nature of lipid. With amphotericin B 'Fungizone' the same species are monitored but their appearance is much slower. Two explanations are proposed for the origin of the discrepancies between CD and electronic absorption.
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45
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Coulon J, Lematre J, Bonaly R, Pierfitte M. [Relationship between the spectral properties and antifungal properties of amphoterecin B and candicidine]. Mycopathologia 1980; 71:17-22. [PMID: 7189824 DOI: 10.1007/bf00625308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The antifungal activities of polyen macrolides Amphotericine B and Candicidine are investigated. The deep spectral changes of the absorption and of the circular dichroism show various states of micellar preparations which are: a) in aqueous medium, aggregats of different spectral characteristics, the antifungal activity of which being modulated by the preparation. b) aggregats of antifungal heptaen with membrane-sterol responsable of the antifongal activity. c) aggregats in hydrophobic solutions which spectroscopic properties are sterol-complex like. Our results suggest an explanation of the spectral changes and can point out some favorable characteristics for an optimal activity of these antifungals against yeasts.
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Lematre J, Maudinas B, Ernst C. SPONTANEOUS ORGANIZATION OF TWO XANTHOPHYLL COMPOUNDS IN WATER-ALCOHOL SOLUTIONS AS SHOWN BY CIRCULAR DICHROISM. Photochem Photobiol 1980. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1980.tb03708.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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47
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Boudet G, Bolard J. Interaction of the polyene antibiotic amphotericin B with phospholipid bilayer membranes: a circular dichroism study. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1979; 88:998-1002. [PMID: 465094 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(79)91507-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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48
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Hemenger RP, Kaplan T, Gray LJ. Theoretical optical spectra for large aggregates of chromophores. J Chem Phys 1979. [DOI: 10.1063/1.437917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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