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Patle RY, Meshram JS. The advanced synthetic modifications and applications of multifunctional PAMAM dendritic composites. REACT CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1re00074h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The profound advances in dendrimer chemistry have led to new horizons in polymer science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramkrishna Y. Patle
- Mahatma Gandhi College of Science Gadchandur, Chandrapur, (M.S.)-442908, India
- PGTD Chemistry, R.T.M. Nagpur University, Nagpur, (M.S.)-440033, India
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Valikala V, Santhakumar I, Kannappan S. Synthesis and effect of pegylation on citric acid dendritic nano architectures anchored with cefotaxime sodium. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2019; 201:111683. [PMID: 31710928 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.111683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In recent years dendrimers have fascinated the investigators towards targeted drug delivery because of their versatile framework and exhibit immense potentiality in entrapping drug moieties through host-guest interactions and serve as a promising vector in biological applications. The current investigation is focused on developing pegylated citric acid cefotaxime dendrimers through the divergent method and its characterization through spectroscopic, microscopic, thermal and microscopic techniques. Among the spectroscopic techniques, 1H NMR and 13C NMR elucidated the key functional groups at various chemical shifts while ESI-MS pointed out the molecular weight of cefotaxime sodium in various generations. Similarly, FTIR, DSC, and AFM investigations detailed that the generations are devoid of incompatibilities, structural deformities and can be opted for targeted drug delivery. The drug entrapment studies and in-vitro drug release studies highlight CFTX G5 containing 92.4% entrapment efficacy and 83.8% drug release in 48 h and specifies a sustain release characteristics. In connection to the above, the in-vivo studies reveal a potent antibacterial activity against various gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms with a decreased hemolysis and cytotoxicity effects and reflect a high margin of safety regarding pegylated CFTX dendrimers. Further, the antibacterial activities are supported through confocal microscopy that clarified the cellular uptake of dendritic molecules and their internalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viswanath Valikala
- School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Induja Santhakumar
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore
| | - Santhakumar Kannappan
- School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Tamil Nadu, India; Carbon dioxide Research and Green Technology Centre, Vellore Institute of Technology, Tamilnadu, India.
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Sánchez-Navarro M, Teixidó M, Giralt E. Jumping Hurdles: Peptides Able To Overcome Biological Barriers. Acc Chem Res 2017; 50:1847-1854. [PMID: 28715199 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The cell membrane, the gastrointestinal tract, and the blood-brain barrier (BBB) are good examples of biological barriers that define and protect cells and organs. They impose different levels of restriction, but they also share common features. For instance, they all display a high lipophilic character. For this reason, hydrophilic compounds, like peptides, proteins, or nucleic acids have long been considered as unable to bypass them. However, the discovery of cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) opened a vast field of research. Nowadays, CPPs, homing peptides, and blood-brain barrier peptide shuttles (BBB-shuttles) are good examples of peptides able to target and to cross various biological barriers. CPPs are a group of peptides able to interact with the plasma membrane and enter the cell. They display some common characteristics like positively charged residues, mainly arginines, and amphipathicity. In this field, our group has been focused on the development of proline rich CPPs and in the analysis of the importance of secondary amphipathicity in the internalization process. Proline has a privileged structure being the only amino acid with a secondary amine and a cyclic side chain. These features constrain its structure and hamper the formation of H-bonds. Taking advantage of this privileged structure, three different families of proline-rich peptides have been developed, namely, a proline-rich dendrimer, the sweet arrow peptide (SAP), and a group of foldamers based on γ-peptides. The structure and the mechanism of internalization of all of them has been evaluated and analyzed. BBB-shuttles are peptides able to cross the BBB and to carry with them compounds that cannot reach the brain parenchyma unaided. These peptides take advantage of the natural transport mechanisms present at the BBB, which are divided in active and passive transport mechanisms. On the one hand, we have developed BBB-shuttles that cross the BBB by a passive transport mechanism, like diketoperazines (DKPs), (N-MePhe)n, or (PhPro)n. On the other hand, we have investigated BBB-shuttles that utilize active transport mechanisms such as SGV, THRre, or MiniAp-4. For the development of both groups, we have explored several approaches, such as the use of peptide libraries, both chemical and phage display, or hit-to-lead optimization processes. In this Account, we describe, in chronologic order, our contribution to the development of peptides able to overcome various biological barriers and our efforts to understand the mechanisms that they display. In addition, the potential use of both CPPs and BBB-shuttles to improve the transport of promising therapeutic compounds is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena Sánchez-Navarro
- Institute
for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Meritxell Teixidó
- Institute
for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ernest Giralt
- Institute
for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Bidentate iminodiacetate modified dendrimer for bone imaging. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:1252-1255. [PMID: 28153357 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.01.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A new dendrimer probe was designed for bone imaging. Bidentate iminodiacetate groups were introduced to the probe to obtain strong bind to bones. The assembled dendrimeric probe, with four iminodiacetate moieties and a fluorescent tag, displayed good selectivity to hydroxyapatite, calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate salts. In mice, the probe offered vivid skeletal details after intravenous delivery.
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Bahrami K, Sheikh Arabi M. Copper immobilized ferromagnetic nanoparticle triazine dendrimer (FMNP@TD–Cu(ii))-catalyzed regioselective synthesis of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj03219a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, characterisation and catalytic activity of FMNP@TD–Cu(ii) for the synthesis of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiumars Bahrami
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Razi University
- Kermanshah 67149-67346
- Iran
| | - Mehdi Sheikh Arabi
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Razi University
- Kermanshah 67149-67346
- Iran
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Optimized Solid Phase-Assisted Synthesis of Dendrons Applicable as Scaffolds for Radiolabeled Bioactive Multivalent Compounds Intended for Molecular Imaging. Molecules 2014; 19:6952-74. [PMID: 24871573 PMCID: PMC6270977 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19066952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic structures, being highly homogeneous and symmetric, represent ideal scaffolds for the multimerization of bioactive molecules and thus enable the synthesis of compounds of high valency which are e.g., applicable in radiolabeled form as multivalent radiotracers for in vivo imaging. As the commonly applied solution phase synthesis of dendritic scaffolds is cumbersome and time-consuming, a synthesis strategy was developed that allows for the efficient assembly of acid amide bond-based highly modular dendrons on solid support via standard Fmoc solid phase peptide synthesis protocols. The obtained dendritic structures comprised up to 16 maleimide functionalities and were derivatized on solid support with the chelating agent DOTA. The functionalized dendrons furthermore could be efficiently reacted with structurally variable model thiol-bearing bioactive molecules via click chemistry and finally radiolabeled with 68Ga. Thus, this solid phase-assisted dendron synthesis approach enables the fast and straightforward assembly of bioactive multivalent constructs for example applicable as radiotracers for in vivo imaging with Positron Emission Tomography (PET).
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Gopalakrishna Panicker RK, Krishnapillai S. Synthesis of on resin poly(propylene imine) dendrimer and its use as organocatalyst. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.02.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Torres Á, Albericio F, Royo M. Polyproline-OEG Co-Oligomeric Dendrimers: A Family of Highly Branched Polyproline Macromolecules. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201300590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Chang K, Dicke ZT, Taite LJ. Engineering a sharp physiological transition state for poly(n-isopropylacrylamide) through structural control. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.25854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Torres A, Mas-Moruno C, Pérez-Payá E, Albericio F, Royo M. Trivalent PEGylated platform for the conjugation of bioactive compounds. Bioconjug Chem 2011; 22:2172-8. [PMID: 21863883 DOI: 10.1021/bc100393g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PEGylated multivalent structures are a new class of platform for biological applications due to their biocompatibility properties. Here, we present the synthesis of a trivalent structure 1 based on poly(ethylene glycol) units (PEG) as potential synthetic multifunctional carrier molecule. To evaluate whether this PEGylated platform could be useful for the conjugation of bioactive compounds, a well-known lipopolysaccharide (LPS) inhibitor 2, developed in our laboratory, was selected to be conjugated to 1. The LPS-neutralizing activity of the resulted conjugates and precursors was established using the chromogenic Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) assay. The trivalent structure 1 did not show LPS-binding activity, nonconjugate LPS inhibitor 2 showed high LPS-neutralizing activity, and the trivalent conjugate 4 displayed increased LPS-neutralizing activity and a reduced toxicity profile. These results prove the efficacy of this trivalent platform as a multivalent ligand scaffold for biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Torres
- Combinatorial Chemistry Unit, Barcelona Science Park, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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13
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Design, synthesis and antiproliferative properties of oligomers with chromophore units linked by amide backbones. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:2440-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2008] [Revised: 02/14/2008] [Accepted: 02/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Pujals S, Giralt E. Proline-rich, amphipathic cell-penetrating peptides. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2008; 60:473-84. [PMID: 18187229 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2007.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2007] [Accepted: 09/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Proline-rich peptides are a chemically and structurally diverse family of cell-penetrating vectors characterised by the presence of pyrrolidine rings from prolines. Amphipathic Pro-rich peptides are particularly effective, demonstrating efficient cellular uptake and non-cytotoxicity. Derivatives with hydrophobic moieties, such as fatty acids or silaproline, have shown highly improved internalisation efficiency; an all D-amino acid version of the CPP SAP was shown to be completely protease resistant and was evaluated in a preliminary in vivo study. CD and TEM studies regarding the self-assembly properties of this family of peptides highlight the possible role of aggregated species in the internalisation process. Finally, these CPPs were shown to be internalised via caveolae or lipid-rafts mediated endocytosis, which circumvents the lysosomal route of degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Pujals
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, University of Barcelona, Spain
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Zhang A, Schlüter A. Multigram Solution-Phase Synthesis of Three Diastereomeric Tripeptidic Second-Generation Dendrons Based on (2S,4S)-, (2S,4R)-, and (2R,4S)-4-Aminoprolines. Chem Asian J 2007; 2:1540-8. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.200700207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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17
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Kehat T, Goren K, Portnoy M. Dendrons on insoluble supports: synthesis and applications. NEW J CHEM 2007. [DOI: 10.1039/b617855n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Farrera-Sinfreu J, Giralt E, Royo M, Albericio F. Cell-penetrating proline-rich peptidomimetics. Methods Mol Biol 2007; 386:241-267. [PMID: 18604949 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-59745-430-8_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) offer potential as delivery agents for the cellular administration of drugs. However, the pharmacological utility of CPPs that are derived from natural amino acids is limited by their rapid metabolic degradation, low membrane permeability, and toxicity. Various peptidomimetics able to overcome these problems have been described, including peptides formed by D-amino acids and beta-peptides. This chapter summarizes the synthesis of gamma-proline-derived peptides and polyproline dendrimers for drug delivery applications, and includes descriptions of several modifications in the gamma-peptides (mimicking the side chains of the alpha-amino acids) or modulating the dendrimer surface. 5(6)-Carboxyfluorescein labeling of the aforementioned peptidomimetics for use in cell translocation studies is also described. Furthermore, different protocols for the study of the drug delivery capabilities of these compounds are reviewed, including enzymatic stability studies, cellular uptake measurements by plate fluorimetry and flow cytometry, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and cytotoxicity assays.
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Sanclimens G, Shen H, Giralt E, Albericio F, Saltzman MW, Royo M. Synthesis and screening of a small library of proline-based biodendrimers for use as delivery agents. Biopolymers 2006; 80:800-14. [PMID: 15929029 DOI: 10.1002/bip.20301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A small library of defined peptide dendrimers based on polyproline sequences was designed to demonstrate the feasibility of generating a new type of polymeric agent for therapeutic use. Structural modifications to dendrimer surfaces further enriched the diversity of the library. Data show that the prolinerich dendrimers can be internalized in human epithelial (HeLa) cells, demonstrating the importance of the dendrimeric motif. The promising results described herein suggest that controlled modification of the dendrimer surface should eventually yield proline dendrimers with therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glòria Sanclimens
- Barcelona Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona Science Park, University of Barcelona, Josep Samitier 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Sanclimens G, Crespo L, Giralt E, Albericio F, Royo M. Preparation of de Novo Globular Proteins Based on Proline Dendrimers. J Org Chem 2005; 70:6274-81. [PMID: 16050687 DOI: 10.1021/jo050720u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A synthetic method for the preparation of protein-like globular dendrimers derived from a combination of proline, glycine and imidazolidin ring as branching unit is described. The methodology allows the synthesis of novel peptide dendrimers up to fourth generation. Dendrimers were synthesized by a convergent solid-phase peptide synthesis approach. The conformational properties of branched polyproline peptides and proline dendrimers were studied by CD experiments. CD data suggest conformational plasticity of branched peptides for PPI and PPII, and a stable well-defined secondary structure of proline dendrimers for PPII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Sanclimens
- Barcelona Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona Science Park, University of Barcelona, Josep Samitier 1-5, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Crespo L, Sanclimens G, Pons M, Giralt E, Royo M, Albericio F. Peptide and Amide Bond-Containing Dendrimers. Chem Rev 2005; 105:1663-81. [PMID: 15884786 DOI: 10.1021/cr030449l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laia Crespo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028-Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
Dendrimers are branched structures and represent a fast growing field covering many areas of chemistry. Various types of dendrimers differing in composition and structure are mentioned, together with their practical use spanning from catalysis, transport vehicles to synthetic vaccines. The main stress is given to peptide dendrimers, namely, multiple antigenic peptides (MAPs). Their synthesis, physicochemical properties, biological activities, etc. have been described with many examples. MAPs can be used as diagnostics, mimetics, for complexation of different cations, as vaccines against parasites, bacteria, viruses, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Niederhafner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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