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Miller WA, Lozier Z. Yellow Dwarf Viruses of Cereals: Taxonomy and Molecular Mechanisms. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2022; 60:121-141. [PMID: 35436423 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-121421-125135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Yellow dwarf viruses are the most economically important and widespread viruses of cereal crops. Although they share common biological properties such as phloem limitation and obligate aphid transmission, the replication machinery and associated cis-acting signals of these viruses fall into two unrelated taxa represented by Barley yellow dwarf virus and Cereal yellow dwarf virus. Here, we explain the reclassification of these viruses based on their very different genomes. We also provide an overview of viral protein functions and their interactions with the host and vector, replication mechanisms of viral and satellite RNAs, and the complex gene expression strategies. Throughout, we point out key unanswered questions in virus evolution, structural biology, and genome function and replication that, when answered, may ultimately provide new tools for virus management.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Allen Miller
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA;
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Zachary Lozier
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA;
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
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2
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Jin H, Du Z, Zhang Y, Antal J, Xia Z, Wang Y, Gao Y, Zhao X, Han X, Cheng Y, Shen Q, Zhang K, Elder RE, Benko Z, Fenyvuesvolgyi C, Li G, Rebello D, Li J, Bao S, Zhao RY, Wang D. A distinct class of plant and animal viral proteins that disrupt mitosis by directly interrupting the mitotic entry switch Wee1-Cdc25-Cdk1. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaba3418. [PMID: 32426509 PMCID: PMC7220342 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba3418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Many animal viral proteins, e.g., Vpr of HIV-1, disrupt host mitosis by directly interrupting the mitotic entry switch Wee1-Cdc25-Cdk1. However, it is unknown whether plant viruses may use this mechanism in their pathogenesis. Here, we report that the 17K protein, encoded by barley yellow dwarf viruses and related poleroviruses, delays G2/M transition and disrupts mitosis in both host (barley) and nonhost (fission yeast, Arabidopsis thaliana, and tobacco) cells through interrupting the function of Wee1-Cdc25-CDKA/Cdc2 via direct protein-protein interactions and alteration of CDKA/Cdc2 phosphorylation. When ectopically expressed, 17K disrupts the mitosis of cultured human cells, and HIV-1 Vpr inhibits plant cell growth. Furthermore, 17K and Vpr share similar secondary structural feature and common amino acid residues required for interacting with plant CDKA. Thus, our work reveals a distinct class of mitosis regulators that are conserved between plant and animal viruses and play active roles in viral pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaibing Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- College of Agronomy and State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Zhiqiang Du
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yanjing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Judit Antal
- Children’s Memorial Institute for Education and Research, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60614, USA
| | - Zongliang Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiaoge Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xinyun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yanjun Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qianhua Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Kunpu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Agronomy and State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Robert E. Elder
- Children’s Memorial Institute for Education and Research, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60614, USA
| | - Zsigmond Benko
- Children’s Memorial Institute for Education and Research, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60614, USA
| | - Csaba Fenyvuesvolgyi
- Children’s Memorial Institute for Education and Research, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60614, USA
| | - Ge Li
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Dionne Rebello
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shilai Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Richard Y. Zhao
- Children’s Memorial Institute for Education and Research, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60614, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Human Virology, and Institute of Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Daowen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- College of Agronomy and State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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3
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DeBlasio SL, Xu Y, Johnson RS, Rebelo AR, MacCoss MJ, Gray SM, Heck M. The Interaction Dynamics of Two Potato Leafroll Virus Movement Proteins Affects Their Localization to the Outer Membranes of Mitochondria and Plastids. Viruses 2018; 10:E585. [PMID: 30373157 PMCID: PMC6265731 DOI: 10.3390/v10110585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Luteoviridae is an agriculturally important family of viruses whose replication and transport are restricted to plant phloem. Their genomes encode for four proteins that regulate viral movement. These include two structural proteins that make up the capsid and two non-structural proteins known as P3a and P17. Little is known about how these proteins interact with each other and the host to coordinate virus movement within and between cells. We used quantitative, affinity purification-mass spectrometry to show that the P3a protein of Potato leafroll virus complexes with virus and that this interaction is partially dependent on P17. Bimolecular complementation assays (BiFC) were used to validate that P3a and P17 self-interact as well as directly interact with each other. Co-localization with fluorescent-based organelle markers demonstrates that P3a directs P17 to the mitochondrial outer membrane while P17 regulates the localization of the P3a-P17 heterodimer to plastids. Residues in the C-terminus of P3a were shown to regulate P3a association with host mitochondria by using mutational analysis and also varying BiFC tag orientation. Collectively, our work reveals that the PLRV movement proteins play a game of intracellular hopscotch along host organelles to transport the virus to the cell periphery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy L DeBlasio
- United States Department of Agriculture, Biological Integrated Pest Management Research Unit, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, 538 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Yi Xu
- Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, School of Integrated Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Richard S Johnson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98109, USA.
| | - Ana Rita Rebelo
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Michael J MacCoss
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98109, USA.
| | - Stewart M Gray
- United States Department of Agriculture, Biological Integrated Pest Management Research Unit, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, 538 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
- Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, School of Integrated Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Michelle Heck
- United States Department of Agriculture, Biological Integrated Pest Management Research Unit, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, 538 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
- Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, School of Integrated Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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4
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Xia Z, Cao R, Sun K, Zhang H. The movement protein of barley yellow dwarf virus-GAV self-interacts and forms homodimers in vitro and in vivo. Arch Virol 2012; 157:1233-9. [PMID: 22437255 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-012-1288-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The 17-kDa movement protein (MP) of the GAV strain of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV-GAV) can bind the viral RNA and target to the nucleus. However, much less is known about the active form of the MP in planta. In this study, the ability of the MP to self-interact was analyzed by yeast two-hybrid assay and bimolecular fluorescence complementation. The BYDV-GAV MP has a strong potential to self-interact in vitro and in vivo, and self-interaction was mediated by the N-terminal domain spanning the second α-helix (residues 17-39). Chemical cross-linking and heterologous MP expression from a pea early browning virus (PEBV) vector further showed that MP self-interacts to form homodimers in vitro and in planta. Interestingly, the N-terminal domain necessary for MP self-interaction has previously been identified as important for nuclear targeting. Based on these findings, a functional link between MP self-interaction and nuclear targeting is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongliang Xia
- Key Laboratory of Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Improvement of Food Crops in Henan Province, College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China.
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Salem NM, Miller WA, Rowhani A, Golino DA, Moyne AL, Falk BW. Rose spring dwarf-associated virus has RNA structural and gene-expression features like those of Barley yellow dwarf virus. Virology 2008; 375:354-60. [PMID: 18329064 PMCID: PMC4324725 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2008.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2007] [Revised: 11/29/2007] [Accepted: 01/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We determined the complete nucleotide sequence of the Rose spring dwarf-associated virus (RSDaV) genomic RNA (GenBank accession no. EU024678) and compared its predicted RNA structural characteristics affecting gene expression. A cDNA library was derived from RSDaV double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) purified from infected tissue. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the cloned cDNAs, plus for clones generated by 5'- and 3'-RACE showed the RSDaV genomic RNA to be 5808 nucleotides. The genomic RNA contains five major open reading frames (ORFs), and three small ORFs in the 3'-terminal 800 nucleotides, typical for viruses of genus Luteovirus in the family Luteoviridae. Northern blot hybridization analysis revealed the genomic RNA and two prominent subgenomic RNAs of approximately 3 kb and 1 kb. Putative 5' ends of the sgRNAs were predicted by identification of conserved sequences and secondary structures which resembled the Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) genomic RNA 5' end and subgenomic RNA promoter sequences. Secondary structures of the BYDV-like ribosomal frameshift elements and cap-independent translation elements, including long-distance base pairing spanning four kb were identified. These contain similarities but also informative differences with the BYDV structures, including a strikingly different structure predicted for the 3' cap-independent translation element. These analyses of the RSDaV genomic RNA show more complexity for the RNA structural elements for members of the Luteoviridae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nida’ M. Salem
- Department of Plant Pathology, One Shields Ave., University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - W. Allen Miller
- Plant Pathology Department and Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology Department, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Adib Rowhani
- Department of Plant Pathology, One Shields Ave., University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Deborah A. Golino
- Department of Plant Pathology, One Shields Ave., University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Anne-Laure Moyne
- Department of Plant Pathology, One Shields Ave., University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Bryce W. Falk
- Department of Plant Pathology, One Shields Ave., University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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6
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Xia Z, Wang Y, Du Z, Li J, Zhao RY, Wang D. A potential nuclear envelope-targeting domain and an arginine-rich RNA binding element identified in the putative movement protein of the GAV strain of Barley yellow dwarf virus. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2008; 35:40-50. [PMID: 32688755 DOI: 10.1071/fp07114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2007] [Accepted: 12/03/2007] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the structural elements in the putative movement protein (MP) of the GAV strain of Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV-GAV) were investigated. The GFP fusion protein of BYDV-GAV MP was found to be associated with the nuclear envelope (NE) in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) cells. Serial deletion mapping demonstrated that the predicted α-helical domain located at the N-terminus of BYDV-GAV MP was required and sufficient for NE targeting in onion epidermal cells. This α-helical domain does not contain any sequence elements similar to known nuclear localisation signals or bear any significant resemblance to previously characterised NE-targeting structure, indicating that it may represent a novel NE-targeting domain in plant cells. Deletion mutagenesis showed that the C-terminal end of BYDV-GAV MP possessed an element required for its RNA binding activity in vitro. Further analysis revealed that the arginine amino acids within the last 11 residues of the C-terminal end were crucial for the binding of BYDV-GAV MP to RNA. This C-terminal element enriched in basic residues was also present in the MPs of other BYDV strains and the polerovirus Potato leaf roll virus (PLRV), suggesting the conservation of a RNA binding element in the MPs from both luteoviruses and poleroviruses. The data in this work present an initial characterisation of a novel plant NE-targeting domain and a RNA binding element on BYDV-GAV MP. Further studies are underway to investigate the function of these elements in the biology of natural BYDV-GAV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongliang Xia
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yan Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhiqiang Du
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Junmin Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Richard Y Zhao
- Departments of Pathology and Microbiology-Immunology, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 10 South Pine Street, MSTF 600, Baltimore, MD 21201-1192, USA
| | - Daowen Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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Dennison SR, Harris F, Brandenburg K, Phoenix DA. Characterization of the N-terminal segment used by the barley yellow dwarf virus movement protein to promote interaction with the nuclear membrane of host plant cells. Peptides 2007; 28:2091-7. [PMID: 17897753 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2007.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2007] [Revised: 08/15/2007] [Accepted: 08/16/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The barley yellow dwarf virus movement protein (BYDV-MP) requires its N-terminal sequence to promote the transport of viral RNA into the nuclear compartment of host plant cells. Here, graphical analysis predicts that this sequence would form a membrane interactive amphiphilic alpha-helix. Confirming this prediction, NT1, a peptide homologue of the BYDV-MP N-terminal sequence, was found to be alpha-helical (65%) in the presence of vesicles mimics of the nuclear membrane. The peptide increased the fluidity of these nuclear membrane mimics (rise in wavenumber of circa 0.5-1.0 cm(-1)) and induced surface pressure changes of 2 mN m(-1) in lipid monolayers with corresponding compositions. Taken with isotherm analysis these results suggest that BYDV-MP forms an N-terminal amphiphilic alpha-helix, which partitions into the nuclear membrane primarily through thermodynamically stable associations with the membrane lipid headgroup region. We speculate that these associations may play a role in targeting of the nuclear membrane by BYDM-MP.
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