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Opitz AW, Czymmek KJ, Wickstrom E, Wagner NJ. Uptake, efflux, and mass transfer coefficient of fluorescent PAMAM dendrimers into pancreatic cancer cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2012; 1828:294-301. [PMID: 23022133 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2012.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Revised: 08/25/2012] [Accepted: 09/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Targeted delivery of imaging agents to cells can be optimized with the understanding of uptake and efflux rates. Cellular uptake of macromolecules is studied frequently with fluorescent probes. We hypothesized that the internalization and efflux of fluorescently labeled macromolecules into and out of mammalian cells could be quantified by confocal microscopy to determine the rate of uptake and efflux, from which the mass transfer coefficient is calculated. The cellular influx and efflux of a third generation poly(amido amine) (PAMAM) dendrimer labeled with an Alexa Fluor 555 dye was measured in Capan-1 pancreatic cancer cells using confocal fluorescence microscopy. The Capan-1 cells were also labeled with 5-chloromethylfluorescein diacetate (CMFDA) green cell tracker dye to delineate cellular boundaries. A dilution curve of the fluorescently labeled PAMAM dendrimer enabled quantification of the concentration of dendrimer in the cell. A simple mass transfer model described the uptake and efflux behavior of the PAMAM dendrimer. The effective mass transfer coefficient was found to be 0.054±0.043μm/min, which corresponds to a rate constant of 0.035±0.023min(-1) for uptake of the PAMAM dendrimer into the Capan-1 cells. The effective mass transfer coefficient was shown to predict the efflux behavior of the PAMAM dendrimer from the cell if the fraction of labeled dendrimer undergoing non-specific binding is accounted for. This work introduces a novel method to quantify the mass transfer behavior of fluorescently labeled macromolecules into mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin W Opitz
- Center for Molecular and Engineering Thermodynamics, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
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Kejík Z, Kaplánek R, Bříza T, Králová J, Martásek P, Král V. Supramolecular approach for target transport of photodynamic anticancer agents. Supramol Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2011.631705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zdeněk Kejík
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry , Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology , Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6 , Czech Republic
- b First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague , Katerinská 32, 121 08, Prague 2 , Czech Republic
| | - Robert Kaplánek
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry , Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology , Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6 , Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Bříza
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry , Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology , Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6 , Czech Republic
- b First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague , Katerinská 32, 121 08, Prague 2 , Czech Republic
| | - Jarmila Králová
- c Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , Vídenská 1083, 142 20, Prague 4 , Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Martásek
- b First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague , Katerinská 32, 121 08, Prague 2 , Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Král
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry , Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology , Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6 , Czech Republic
- d Zentiva R&D, part of Sanofi-Aventis , U Kabelovny 130, 102 37, Prague 10 , Czech Republic
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Praus P, Kočišová E, Mojzeš P, Štěpánek J, Turpin PY, Sureau F. Cellular uptake of modified oligonucleotides enhanced by porphyrins studied by time-resolved microspectrofluorimetry and fluorescence imaging techniques. J Mol Struct 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2011.01.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Praus P, Kocisová E, Mojzes P, Stepánek J, Seksek O, Sureau F, Turpin PY. Time-resolved microspectrofluorometry and fluorescence imaging techniques: study of porphyrin-mediated cellular uptake of oligonucleotides. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2008; 1130:117-21. [PMID: 18596340 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1430.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Time-resolved confocal microspectrofluorometry and fluorescence microscopy imaging were applied to monitor the cellular uptake of fluorescent-labeled oligonucleotides (ONs) delivered by a porphyrin molecule. The fate of porphyrin-ON complexes inside living cells has also been monitored. Due to intrinsic fluorescence of the porphyrin and sensitivity of its characteristics to microenvironment, multicomponent analysis of time-resolved fluorescence provides unique information about stability of the porphyrin-ON complexes, ON interactions with their target sequences, and ON and porphyrin distributions after delivery inside the cells. Time-resolved confocal microspectrofluorometry indeed delivers additional information compared with fluorescence confocal microscopy imaging widely employed to study ON uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Praus
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Ke Karlovu 3, Prague 2, CZ-121 16, Czech Republic.
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