1
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van der Walt M, Möller DS, van Wyk RJ, Ferguson PM, Hind CK, Clifford M, Do Carmo Silva P, Sutton JM, Mason AJ, Bester MJ, Gaspar ARM. QSAR Reveals Decreased Lipophilicity of Polar Residues Determines the Selectivity of Antimicrobial Peptide Activity. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:26030-26049. [PMID: 38911757 PMCID: PMC11191095 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c01277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance has increased rapidly, causing daunting morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have emerged as promising alternatives to traditional antibiotics due to their broad range of targets and low tendency to elicit resistance. However, potent antimicrobial activity is often accompanied by excessive cytotoxicity toward host cells, leading to a halt in AMP therapeutic development. Here, we present multivariate analyses that correlate 28 peptide properties to the activity and toxicity of 46 diverse African-derived AMPs and identify the negative lipophilicity of polar residues as an essential physiochemical property for selective antimicrobial activity. Twenty-seven active AMPs are identified, of which the majority are of scorpion or frog origin. Of these, thirteen are novel with no previously reported activities. Principal component analysis and quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) reveal that overall hydrophobicity, lipophilicity, and residue side chain surface area affect the antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of an AMP. This has been well documented previously, but the present QSAR analysis additionally reveals that a decrease in the lipophilicity, contributed by those amino acids classified as polar, confers selectivity for a peptide to pathogen over mammalian cells. Furthermore, an increase in overall peptide charge aids selectivity toward Gram-negative bacteria and fungi, while selectivity toward Gram-positive bacteria is obtained through an increased number of small lipophilic residues. Finally, a conservative increase in peptide size in terms of sequence length and molecular weight also contributes to improved activity without affecting toxicity. Our findings suggest a novel approach for the rational design or modification of existing AMPs to increase pathogen selectivity and enhance therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandelie van der Walt
- Department
of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and
Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Dalton S. Möller
- Department
of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and
Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Rosalind J. van Wyk
- Department
of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and
Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Philip M. Ferguson
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford
Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte K. Hind
- Antimicrobial
Discovery Development and Diagnostics, Vaccine Evaluation and Development
Centre, UK Health Security Agency, Salisbury SP4 0JG, United Kingdom
| | - Melanie Clifford
- Antimicrobial
Discovery Development and Diagnostics, Vaccine Evaluation and Development
Centre, UK Health Security Agency, Salisbury SP4 0JG, United Kingdom
| | - Phoebe Do Carmo Silva
- Antimicrobial
Discovery Development and Diagnostics, Vaccine Evaluation and Development
Centre, UK Health Security Agency, Salisbury SP4 0JG, United Kingdom
| | - J. Mark Sutton
- Antimicrobial
Discovery Development and Diagnostics, Vaccine Evaluation and Development
Centre, UK Health Security Agency, Salisbury SP4 0JG, United Kingdom
| | - A. James Mason
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford
Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Megan J. Bester
- Department
of Anatomy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Anabella R. M. Gaspar
- Department
of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and
Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
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2
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R PA, Anbarasu A. Antimicrobial Peptides as Immunomodulators and Antimycobacterial Agents to Combat Mycobacterium tuberculosis: a Critical Review. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023; 15:1539-1566. [PMID: 36576687 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-10018-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a devastating disease foisting a significantly high morbidity, prepotent in low- and middle-income developing countries. Evolution of drug resistance among Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis, has made the TB treatment more complicated. The protracted nature of present TB treatment, persistent and tolerant Mtb populations, interaction with antiretroviral therapy and existing toxicity concerned with conventional anti-TB drugs are the four major challenges inflicted with emergence of drug-resistant mycobacterial strains, and the standard medications are unable to combat these strains. These factors emphasize an exigency to develop new drugs to overcome these barriers in current TB therapy. With this regard, antimycobacterial peptides derived from various sources such as human cells, bacterial sources, mycobacteriophages, fungal, plant and animal sources could be considered as antituberculosis leads as most of these peptides are associated with dual advantages of having both bactericidal activity towards Mtb as well as immuno-regulatory property. Some of the peptides possess the additional advantage of interacting synergistically with antituberculosis medications too, thereby increasing their efficiency, underscoring the vigour of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) as best possible alternative therapeutic candidates or adjuvants in TB treatment. Albeit the beneficiary features of these peptides, few obstacles allied with them like cytotoxicity and proteolytic degradation are matter of concerns too. In this review, we have focused on structural hallmarks, targeting mechanisms and specific structural aspects contributing to antimycobacterial activity and discovered natural and synthetic antimycobacterial peptides along with their sources, anti-TB, immuno-regulatory properties, merits and demerits and possible delivery methods of AMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preethi A R
- Medical & Biological Computing Laboratory, School of Bio-Sciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, India
- Department of Biotechnology, SBST, VIT, Vellore-632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anand Anbarasu
- Medical & Biological Computing Laboratory, School of Bio-Sciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, India.
- Department of Biotechnology, SBST, VIT, Vellore-632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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3
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Amarh MA, Laryea MK, Borquaye LS. De novo peptides as potential antimicrobial agents. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19641. [PMID: 37809653 PMCID: PMC10558864 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The phenomenon of antimicrobial resistance threatens our ability to treat common infections. The clinical pipeline for new antimicrobials is pretty much dry and hence, there is a need for the development of new antimicrobial agents with low toxicities to help fight resistant microorganisms. This work aimed to design antimicrobial peptides with low toxicities using a database filtering technology and evaluate their bioactivities. The physicochemical properties of the designed peptides were explored with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Microbroth dilution and hemolytic assays were used to assess the peptides' antimicrobial activity and toxicity. The activity of combinations of the peptides and some standard antibiotics was tested by the checkerboard method. In general, the designed peptides had a charge of +2, chain length of 13, and hydrophobicity of 61%. The predicted secondary structures of the peptides were either extended conformations or alpha-helices, and these structures were found to fluctuate during the MD simulations, where coils, bends, and helices dominated. , of the peptides, BRG003, BRG004 and BRG002 had the greatest aggregation propensities, whereas BRG001, BRG005, and BRG006 exhibited lower aggregation propensities. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the peptides ranged from 0.015 to >1.879 μM, with BRGP-001 exhibiting high activity against MRSA with an MIC of 15 nM. BRGP-005 and BRGP-006 exhibited synergistic effects against Escherichia coliR when used in combination with erythromycin. At the minimum hemolytic concentration, the percentage of lysed erythrocytes was lower for all the peptides in comparison to the reference peptide, indicating low hemolytic activity. The study revealed the importance of peptide self-association in the antimicrobial activity of the peptides. These peptides provide a basis for the design of potent antimicrobial peptides that can further be developed for use in antimicrobial therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Amerley Amarh
- Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Michael Konney Laryea
- Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Lawrence Sheringham Borquaye
- Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- Central Laboratory, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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4
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Specific Focus on Antifungal Peptides against Azole Resistant Aspergillus fumigatus: Current Status, Challenges, and Future Perspectives. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 9:jof9010042. [PMID: 36675863 PMCID: PMC9864941 DOI: 10.3390/jof9010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of fungal infections is increasing worldwide, especially that of aspergillosis, which previously only affected people with immunosuppression. Aspergillus fumigatus can cause allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis and endangers public health due to resistance to azole-type antimycotics such as fluconazole. Antifungal peptides are viable alternatives that combat infection by forming pores in membranes through electrostatic interactions with the phospholipids as well as cell death to peptides that inhibit protein synthesis and inhibit cell replication. Engineering antifungal peptides with nanotechnology can enhance the efficacy of these therapeutics at lower doses and reduce immune responses. This manuscript explains how antifungal peptides combat antifungal-resistant aspergillosis and also how rational peptide design with nanotechnology and artificial intelligence can engineer peptides to be a feasible antifungal alternative.
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5
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Hurtado-Rios JJ, Carrasco-Navarro U, Almanza-Pérez JC, Ponce-Alquicira E. Ribosomes: The New Role of Ribosomal Proteins as Natural Antimicrobials. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169123. [PMID: 36012387 PMCID: PMC9409020 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Moonlighting proteins are those capable of performing more than one biochemical or biophysical function within the same polypeptide chain. They have been a recent focus of research due to their potential applications in the health, pharmacological, and nutritional sciences. Among them, some ribosomal proteins involved in assembly and protein translation have also shown other functionalities, including inhibiting infectious bacteria, viruses, parasites, fungi, and tumor cells. Therefore, they may be considered antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). However, information regarding the mechanism of action of ribosomal proteins as AMPs is not yet fully understood. Researchers have suggested that the antimicrobial activity of ribosomal proteins may be associated with an increase in intracellular reactive oxidative species (ROS) in target cells, which, in turn, could affect membrane integrity and cause their inactivation and death. Moreover, the global overuse of antibiotics has resulted in an increase in pathogenic bacteria resistant to common antibiotics. Therefore, AMPs such as ribosomal proteins may have potential applications in the pharmaceutical and food industries in the place of antibiotics. This article provides an overview of the potential roles of ribosomes and AMP ribosomal proteins in conjunction with their potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica J. Hurtado-Rios
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, Ciudad de México 09340, Mexico
| | - Ulises Carrasco-Navarro
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, Ciudad de México 09340, Mexico
| | - Julio Cesar Almanza-Pérez
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, Ciudad de México 09340, Mexico
| | - Edith Ponce-Alquicira
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, Ciudad de México 09340, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-55-58044600 (ext. 2676)
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6
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Zhang L. Interaction of Human β Defensin Type 3 (hBD-3) with Different PIP2-Containing Membranes, a Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study. J Chem Inf Model 2021; 61:4670-4686. [PMID: 34473496 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.1c00805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Human β defensin type 3 (hBD-3) is a cysteine-rich small antibacterial peptide. It belongs to the human innate immune system. hBD-3 has six cysteine residues, which form three pairs of disulfide bonds, and those bonds break in the reducing condition. It is known that hBD-3 can interact with bacterial membrane, and even eukaryotic cell membrane, which has a low concentration of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) lipids. PIP2 is a vital component in cell membranes and has been found to play important roles during antimicrobial peptide (AMP) interaction with membranes. To understand the functional mechanism of hBD-3 interacting with PIP2-containing membranes, the binding structures of hBD-3 on 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) bilayers mixed with 10% of PIP2 were predicted using two kinds of methods. The first one is by placing the hBD-3 monomer in different orientations above the POPC + 10%PIP2 membrane to set up five different initial simulation systems and performing long-term simulations on each to predict the most stable binding structure. It was found that hBD-3 analogue binds on the mixed lipid membrane on the two loop regions. The second method is by running long-term simulations on one or nine hBD-3 dimers binding on POPC mixed with 10%PIP2 lipid bilayer starting from the solid-state NMR (ssNMR)-suggested orientation. The dimer dissociated, and the most stable binding of hBD-3 in wild-type on the mixed membrane is also through the two loop regions, which agrees with the prediction from both the first method and the lipid self-assembly result. The PIP2 lipids can form long-lasting hydrogen bonds with positively charged residues such as Arg and Lys on hBD-3, thus forming clusters with hBD-3. As a comparison, hBD-3 dimers binding with a combined bilayer having 1,2-palmitoyl-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoserine (POPS) on the upper and POPC on the lower leaflets and the combined POPS + POPC bilayer mixing with 10%PIP2 were also studied. The long-term simulation result shows that hBD-3 can bind with the heads of negatively charged POPS and PIP2 lipids and form hydrogen bonds. The stable binding sites of hBD-3 on PIP2 or POPS mixed bilayers are still on the two loop regions. On the combined POPS + POPC mixed with 10%PIP2 bilayer, the binding of hBD-3 with PIP2 lipids became less stable and fewer because of the competition of binding with the POPS lipids. Besides that, binding with hBD-3 can decrease the membrane thickness of the POPC + PIP2, POPS + POPC, and POPS + POPC + PIP2 bilayers and make POPS and PIP2 lipids more flexible based on the order parameter calculations. Our results supply molecular insight on AMP binding with different membranes and can help understand the functional mechanism of hBD-3 disrupting PIP2-containing membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, Tennessee 38505, United States
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7
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Wani NA, Ben Hur D, Kapach G, Stolovicki E, Rotem E, Shai Y. Switching Bond: Generation of New Antimicrobial Peptides via the Incorporation of an Intramolecular Isopeptide Bond. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:1702-1712. [PMID: 34043312 PMCID: PMC8634383 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
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Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which
can be modified to kill a
broad spectrum of microoganisms or a specific microorganism, are considered
as promising alternatives to combat the rapidly widespread, resistant
bacterial infections. However, there are still several obstacles to
overcome. These include toxicity, stability, and the ability to interfere
with the immune response and bacterial resistance. To overcome these
challenges, we herein replaced the regular peptide bonds with isopeptide
bonds to produce new AMPs based on the well-known synthetic peptides
Amp1L and MSI-78 (pexiganan). Two new peptides Amp1EP and MSIEP were
generated while retaining properties such as size, sequence, charge,
and molecular weight. These new peptides have reduced toxicity toward
murine macrophage (RAW 264.7) cells, human monocytic (THP-1) cells,
and human red blood cells (hRBCs) and enhanced the stability toward
proteolytic degradation. Importantly, the new peptides do not repress
the pro-inflammatory cytokine and hence should not modulate the immune
response. Structurally, the new peptides, Amp1EP and MSIEP, have a
structure of random coils in contrast to the helical structures of
the parental peptides as revealed by circular dichroism (CD) analysis.
Their mode of action, assessed by flow cytometry, includes permeabilization
of the bacterial membrane. Overall, we present here a new approach
to modulate AMPs to develop antimicrobial peptides for future therapeutic
purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiem Ahmad Wani
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Daniel Ben Hur
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Gal Kapach
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Elad Stolovicki
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Etai Rotem
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yechiel Shai
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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8
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Lima PG, Oliveira JTA, Amaral JL, Freitas CDT, Souza PFN. Synthetic antimicrobial peptides: Characteristics, design, and potential as alternative molecules to overcome microbial resistance. Life Sci 2021; 278:119647. [PMID: 34043990 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the dramatic emergence of antimicrobial resistance has received attention from World Health Organization. Synthetic antimicrobial peptides (SAMPs) are considered new weapons to fight against infections caused by multi-drug resistant pathogens. Here, the authors provide an overview of the current research on SAMPs. The focus is SAMPs, how to design them, which features must be considered during design, and comparison with natural peptides. This review also includes a discussion about the natural AMPs, mechanisms of action and applications as new drugs or even as adjuvants molecules to enhance commercial drugs activity. The advances in chemical synthesis have reduced the cost to produce synthetic peptides open ways to achieve new antimicrobial agents. Therefore, synthetic peptides are new promising molecules to safeguard human and animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia G Lima
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, CEP 60.440-554 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Jose T A Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, CEP 60.440-554 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Jackson L Amaral
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, CEP 60.440-554 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Cleverson D T Freitas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, CEP 60.440-554 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Pedro F N Souza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, CEP 60.440-554 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
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Yaghoubi A, Khazaei M, Ghazvini K, Movaqar A, Avan A, Hasanian SM, Soleimanpour S. Peptides with Dual Antimicrobial-Anticancer Activity Derived from the N-terminal Region of H. pylori Ribosomal Protein L1 (RpL1). Int J Pept Res Ther 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-020-10150-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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10
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Shorter Antibacterial Peptide Having High Selectivity for E. coli Membranes and Low Potential for Inducing Resistance. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8060867. [PMID: 32521823 PMCID: PMC7356157 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8060867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been recognised as a significant therapeutic option for mitigating resistant microbial infections. It has been found recently that Plasmodium falciparum-derived, 20 residue long, peptide 35409 had antibacterial and haemolytic activity, making it an AMP having reduced selectivity, and suggesting that it should be studied more extensively for obtaining new AMPs having activity solely targeting the bacterial membrane. Peptide 35409 was thus used as template for producing short synthetic peptides (<20 residues long) and evaluating their biological activity and relevant physicochemical characteristics for therapeutic use. Four of the sixteen short peptides evaluated here had activity against E. coli without any associated haemolytic effects. The 35409-1 derivative (17 residues long) had the best therapeutic characteristics as it had high selectivity for bacterial cells, stability in the presence of human sera, activity against E. coli multiresistant clinical isolates and was shorter than the original sequence. It had a powerful membranolytic effect and low potential for inducing resistance in bacteria. This peptide’s characteristics highlighted its potential as an alternative for combating infection caused by E. coli multiresistant bacteria and/or for designing new AMPs.
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11
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Banu SH, Kumar MC. caP4: A 2.97 KDa Cationic Antibacterial Peptide from Curcuma pseudomontana L. Int J Pept Res Ther 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-019-09883-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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13
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Antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of the EeCentrocin 1 derived peptide EC1-17KV via membrane disruption. EBioMedicine 2020; 55:102775. [PMID: 32403086 PMCID: PMC7218270 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation of pathogenic microbes exacerbate the difficulties of anti-infection therapy in the clinic. The structural modification of antimicrobial peptides (AMP) is an effective strategy to develop novel anti-infective agents. Method Seventeen amino acids (AA) in the longer chain of EeCentrocin 1 (from the edible sea-urchin Echinus esculentus) were truncated and underwent further modification. To produce lead peptides with low toxicity and high efficacy, the antimicrobial activity or cytotoxicity of peptides was evaluated against various multidrug-resistant bacteria/fungi or mammalian cells in vivo/ in vitro. In addition, the stability and modes of action of the lead peptide were investigated. Findings EC1-17KV displayed potent activity and an expanded antimicrobial spectrum, especially against drug-resistant gram-negative bacteria and fungi, attributable to its enhanced amphiphilicity and net charge. In addition, it exhibits bactericidal/fungicidal activity and effectively increased the animal survival rate and mitigated the histopathological damage induced by multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa or C. albicans in infected mice or G. mellonella. Moreover, EC1-17KV had a poor ability to induce resistance in bacteria and fungi and exhibited desirable high-salt/high-temperature tolerance properties. In bacteria, EC1-17KV promoted divalent cation release to damage bacterial membrane integrity. In fungi, it changed C. albicans membrane fluidity to increase membrane permeabilization or reduced hyphal formation to suppress biofilm formation. Interpretation EC1-17KV is a promising lead peptide for the development of antimicrobial agents against antibiotic resistant bacteria and fungi. Funding This work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81673483, 81803591); National Science and Technology Major Project Foundation of China (2019ZX09721001-004-005); National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFA0902000); "Double First-Class" University project (CPU2018GF/GY16); Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China (No. BK20180563); and A Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.
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14
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Ma L, Xie X, Liu H, Huang Y, Wu H, Jiang M, Xu P, Ye X, Zhou C. Potent antibacterial activity of MSI-1 derived from the magainin 2 peptide against drug-resistant bacteria. Theranostics 2020; 10:1373-1390. [PMID: 31938070 PMCID: PMC6956804 DOI: 10.7150/thno.39157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The structural modification of existing AMPs is an effective strategy to develop antimicrobial agents with high-efficiency, low-cost and low-toxicity antimicrobial agents. Methods: Here, we truncated 14-amino-acids at the N-terminus of MSI-78 to obtain MSI and further modified MSI to obtain four peptide analogs: MSI-1, MSI-2, MSI-3 and MSI-4. These peptide mutants were evaluated regarding their antibacterial activity against various sensitive or resistant bacteria; toxicity against mammalian cells or mice; and stability against violent pH, temperature variations and high NaCl concentrations. Finally, we also elucidated the possible mechanisms underlying its mode of action. Results: The results showed that MSI-1 and MSI-3 displayed activity that was superior to that of MSI-78 with MICs of 4-16 μg/ml and MBCs of 8-64 μg/ml, respectively, especially against drug-resistant bacteria, due to the increase in percent helicity and amphiphilicity. However, MSI-3, with higher hydrophobicity and antibacterial activity, had a relatively higher hemolysis rate and toxicity than MSI-1. MSI-1 exerted rapid bactericidal activity and effectively improved the survival rate and wound closure in penicillin-resistant E. coli-infected mice by eliminating bacterial counts in mouse organs or subeschar, further inhibiting the systemic dissemination of bacteria. Additionally, MSI-1 displayed perfect stability against violent pH, temperature variations and high NaCl concentrations and has the ability to circumvent the development of drug resistance. In terms of the mode of action, we found that at the super-MIC level, MSI-1 exhibited direct antimicrobial activity by disrupting the integrity of the bacterial cell membrane, while at the sub-MIC level, it bound to bacterial DNA to inhibit DNA replication and protein expression and ultimately disrupted bacterial biological function. Conclusions: This novel peptide MSI-1 could be a potential candidate for drug development against infection induced by drug-resistant bacteria.
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15
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Park SC, Kim IR, Hwang JE, Kim JY, Jung YJ, Choi W, Lee Y, Jang MK, Lee JR. Functional Mechanisms Underlying the Antimicrobial Activity of the Oryza sativa Trx-like Protein. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061413. [PMID: 30897830 PMCID: PMC6471494 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants are constantly subjected to a variety of environmental stresses and have evolved regulatory responses to overcome unfavorable conditions that might reduce or adversely change a plant’s growth or development. Among these, the regulated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a signaling molecule occurs during plant development and pathogen defense. This study demonstrates the possible antifungal activity of Oryza sativa Tetratricopeptide Domain-containing thioredoxin (OsTDX) protein against various fungal pathogens. The transcription of OsTDX was induced by various environmental stresses known to elicit the generation of ROS in plant cells. OsTDX protein showed potent antifungal activity, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against yeast and filamentous fungi ranging between 1.56 and 6.25 and 50 and 100 µg/mL, respectively. The uptake of SYTOX-Green into fungal cells and efflux of calcein from artificial fungus-like liposomes suggest that its killing mechanism involves membrane permeabilization and damage. In addition, irregular blebs and holes apparent on the surfaces of OsTDX-treated fungal cells indicate the membranolytic action of this protein. Our results suggest that the OsTDX protein represents a potentially useful lead for the development of pathogen-resistant plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Cheol Park
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea.
| | - Il Ryong Kim
- National Institute of Ecology, 1210 Geumgang-ro, Maseo-myeon, Seocheon-gun 33657, Korea.
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21+ Program) and PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
| | - Jung Eun Hwang
- National Institute of Ecology, 1210 Geumgang-ro, Maseo-myeon, Seocheon-gun 33657, Korea.
| | - Jin-Young Kim
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea.
| | - Young Jun Jung
- National Institute of Ecology, 1210 Geumgang-ro, Maseo-myeon, Seocheon-gun 33657, Korea.
| | - Wonkyun Choi
- National Institute of Ecology, 1210 Geumgang-ro, Maseo-myeon, Seocheon-gun 33657, Korea.
| | - Yongjae Lee
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
| | - Mi-Kyeong Jang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea.
- The Research Institute for Sanitation and Environment of Coastal Areas, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea.
| | - Jung Ro Lee
- National Institute of Ecology, 1210 Geumgang-ro, Maseo-myeon, Seocheon-gun 33657, Korea.
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16
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PSN-PC: A Novel Antimicrobial and Anti-Biofilm Peptide from the Skin Secretion of Phyllomedusa-camba with Cytotoxicity on Human Lung Cancer Cell. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22111896. [PMID: 29112170 PMCID: PMC6150266 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22111896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptides derived from amphibian skin secretion are promising drug prototypes for combating widespread infection. In this study, a novel peptide belonging to the phylloseptin family of antimicrobial peptides was isolated from the skin secretion of the Phyllomedusa camba, namely phylloseptin-PC (PSN-PC). The biosynthetic precursor was obtained by molecular cloning and the mature peptide sequence was confirmed through tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) fragmentation sequencing in the skin secretion. The synthetic replicate exhibited a broad spectrum antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus,Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans at concentrations of 2, 2, 8, 32 and 2 µM, respectively. It also showed the capability of eliminating S. aureus biofilm with a minimal biofilm eradication concentration of 8 µM. The haemolysis of this peptide was not significant at low concentrations but had a considerable increase at high concentrations. Additionally, this peptide showed an anti-proliferation effect on the non-small cell lung cancer cell line (NCI-H157), with low cytotoxicity on the human microvascular endothelial cell line (HMEC-1). The discovery of the novel peptide may provide useful clues for new drug discoveries.
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17
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Jeon D, Jacob B, Kwak C, Kim Y. Short Antimicrobial Peptides Exhibiting Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory Activities Derived from the N-Terminal Helix of Papiliocin. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.11277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dasom Jeon
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology; Konkuk University; Seoul 143-701 Korea
| | - Binu Jacob
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology; Konkuk University; Seoul 143-701 Korea
| | - Chulhee Kwak
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology; Konkuk University; Seoul 143-701 Korea
| | - Yangmee Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology; Konkuk University; Seoul 143-701 Korea
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18
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AlMatar M, Makky EA, Yakıcı G, Var I, Kayar B, Köksal F. Antimicrobial peptides as an alternative to anti-tuberculosis drugs. Pharmacol Res 2017; 128:288-305. [PMID: 29079429 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) presently accounts for high global mortality and morbidity rates, despite the introduction four decades ago of the affordable and efficient four-drugs (isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol). Thus, a strong need exists for new drugs with special structures and uncommon modes of action to effectively overcome M. tuberculosis. Within this scope, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which are small, cationic and amphipathic peptides that comprise a section of the innate immune system, are currently the leading potential agents for the treatment of TB. Many studies have recently illustrated the capability of anti-mycobacterial peptides to disrupt the normal mycobacterial cell wall function through various modes, thereby interacting with the intracellular targets, as well as encompassing nucleic acids, enzymes and organelles. This review presents a wide array of antimicrobial activities, alongside the associated properties of the AMPs that could be utilized as potential agents in therapeutic tactics for TB treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manaf AlMatar
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences (Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü) Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey.
| | - Essam A Makky
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP), Gambang, 26300 Kuantan, Malaysia
| | - Gülfer Yakıcı
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Işıl Var
- Department of Food Engineering, Agricultural Faculty, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Begüm Kayar
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Fatih Köksal
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
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19
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Design and membrane-disruption mechanism of charge-enriched AMPs exhibiting cell selectivity, high-salt resistance, and anti-biofilm properties. Amino Acids 2015; 48:505-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-015-2104-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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20
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Monteiro C, Pinheiro M, Fernandes M, Maia S, Seabra CL, Ferreira-da-Silva F, Reis S, Gomes P, Martins MCL. A 17-mer Membrane-Active MSI-78 Derivative with Improved Selectivity toward Bacterial Cells. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:2904-11. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Monteiro
- I3S, Instituto de Investigação
e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- INEB, Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marina Pinheiro
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Fernandes
- I3S, Instituto de Investigação
e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- INEB, Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Maia
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica,
Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo
Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Catarina L. Seabra
- I3S, Instituto de Investigação
e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- INEB, Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências
Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge
Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Frederico Ferreira-da-Silva
- I3S, Instituto de Investigação
e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Unidade
de Produção e Purificação de Proteínas, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
| | - Salette Reis
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Gomes
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica,
Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo
Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - M. Cristina L. Martins
- I3S, Instituto de Investigação
e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- INEB, Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências
Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge
Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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21
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Hong Z, Damodaran K, Asher SA. Sodium dodecyl sulfate monomers induce XAO peptide polyproline II to α-helix transition. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:10565-75. [PMID: 25121643 PMCID: PMC4161145 DOI: 10.1021/jp504133m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
XAO peptide (Ac–X2A7O2–NH2; X: diaminobutyric
acid side chain, −CH2CH2NH3+; O: ornithine side chain,
−CH2CH2CH2NH3+) in aqueous solution shows a predominantly polyproline II
(PPII) conformation without any detectable α-helix-like conformations.
Here we demonstrate by using circular dichroism (CD), ultraviolet
resonance Raman (UVRR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy
that sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) monomers bind to XAO and induce
formation of α-helix-like conformations. The stoichiometry and
the association constants of SDS and XAO were determined from the
XAO–SDS diffusion coefficients measured by pulsed field gradient
NMR. We developed a model for the formation of XAO–SDS aggregate
α-helix-like conformations. Using UVRR spectroscopy, we calculated
the Ramachandran ψ angle distributions of aggregated XAO peptides.
We resolved α-, π- and 310- helical conformations
and a turn conformation. XAO nucleates SDS aggregation at SDS concentrations
below the SDS critical micelle concentration. The XAO4–SDS16 aggregates have four SDS molecules bound to each XAO to
neutralize the four side chain cationic charges. We propose that the
SDS alkyl chains partition into a hydrophobic core to minimize the
hydrophobic area exposed to water. Neutralization of the flanking
XAO charges enables α-helix formation. Four XAO–SDS4 aggregates form a complex with an SDS alkyl chain-dominated
hydrophobic core and a more hydrophilic shell where one face of the
α-helix peptide contacts the water environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenmin Hong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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22
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Antimicrobial peptides. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2013; 6:1543-75. [PMID: 24287494 PMCID: PMC3873676 DOI: 10.3390/ph6121543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 835] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid increase in drug-resistant infections has presented a serious challenge to antimicrobial therapies. The failure of the most potent antibiotics to kill “superbugs” emphasizes the urgent need to develop other control agents. Here we review the history and new development of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), a growing class of natural and synthetic peptides with a wide spectrum of targets including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites. We summarize the major types of AMPs, their modes of action, and the common mechanisms of AMP resistance. In addition, we discuss the principles for designing effective AMPs and the potential of using AMPs to control biofilms (multicellular structures of bacteria embedded in extracellular matrixes) and persister cells (dormant phenotypic variants of bacterial cells that are highly tolerant to antibiotics).
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23
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Lee JK, Park SC, Hahm KS, Park Y. Antimicrobial HPA3NT3 peptide analogs: placement of aromatic rings and positive charges are key determinants for cell selectivity and mechanism of action. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2012; 1828:443-54. [PMID: 22982494 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2012.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Revised: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In an earlier study, we determined that HP(2-20) (residues 2-20 of parental HP derived from the N-terminus of the Helicobacter pylori ribosomal protein L1) and its analog, HPA3NT3, had potent antimicrobial effects. However, HPA3NT3 also showed undesirable cytotoxicity against HaCaT cells. In the present study, we designed peptide analogs including HPA3NT3-F1A (-F1A), HPA3NT3-F8A (-F8A), HPA3NT3-F1AF8A (-F1AF8A), HPA3NT3-A1 (-A1) and HPA3NT3-A2 (-A2) in an effort to investigate the effects of amino acid substitutions in reducing their hydrophobicity or increasing their cationicity, and any resulting effects on their selectivity in their interactions with human cells and pathogens, as well as their mechanism of antimicrobial action. With the exception of HPA3NT3-A1, all of these peptides showed potent antimicrobial activity. Moreover, substitution of Ala for Phe at positions 1 and/or 8 of the HPA3NT3 peptides (-F1A, -F8A and -F1AF8A) dramatically reduced their cytotoxicity. Thus the cytotoxicity of HPA3NT3 appears to be related to its Phe residues (positions 1 and 8), which strongly interact with sphingomyelin in the mammalian cell membrane. HPA3NT3 exerted its bactericidal effects through membrane permeabilization mediated by pore formation. In contrast, fluorescent dye leakage and nucleic acid gel retardation assays showed that -A2 acted by penetrating into the cytoplasm, where it bound to nucleic acids and inhibited protein synthesis. Notably, Staphylococcus aureus did not develop resistance to -A2 as it did with rifampin. These results suggest that the -A2 peptide could potentially serve as an effective antibiotic agent against multidrug-resistant bacterial strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Kook Lee
- Research Center for Proteinaceous Materials (RCPM), Chosun University, Kwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
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24
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Potent antimicrobial peptides with selectivity for Bacillus anthracis over human erythrocytes. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2011; 38:237-42. [PMID: 21741801 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2011.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2011] [Revised: 04/14/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, 39 antimicrobial peptides, most with documented low haemolytic activity and potent efficacy against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, were evaluated for their haemolytic activity against human red blood cells as well as their antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Burkholderia thailandensis, Bacillus globigii and Bacillus anthracis. The majority of the peptides had a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of <10 μM against B. globigii. However, only eight of these (CaLL, Ci-MAM-A24, LLaMA, Ltc2a, OV-5, papillosin, smapspin and smapspin-G) had a MIC<10 μM against B. anthracis. All except one (papillosin) were ineffective at 100 μM against B. thailandensis and none had potent activity against E. coli. Potent activity against B. anthracis was associated with significant haemolytic activity, but the ratio of the concentration of peptide that caused 50% haemolysis to the concentration that inhibited growth of B. anthracis by 50% (the therapeutic index) varied from 0.8 to 34.2. Two peptides (papillosin and Ltc2a) had a therapeutic index >30 and could be considered as candidates for further development for potential medical countermeasures against anthrax. Although B. globigii has often been used as a non-pathogenic simulant for B. anthracis, in this study it was found that the sensitivity of B. globigii to peptides was not a reliable predictor of the sensitivity of B. anthracis to the same peptides.
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25
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Huang Y, Huang J, Chen Y. Alpha-helical cationic antimicrobial peptides: relationships of structure and function. Protein Cell 2010; 1:143-52. [PMID: 21203984 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-010-0004-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 347] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2009] [Accepted: 10/29/2009] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), with their extraordinary properties, such as broad-spectrum activity, rapid action and difficult development of resistance, have become promising molecules as new antibiotics. Despite their various mechanisms of action, the interaction of AMPs with the bacterial cell membrane is the key step for their mode of action. Moreover, it is generally accepted that the membrane is the primary target of most AMPs, and the interaction between AMPs and eukaryotic cell membranes (causing toxicity to host cells) limits their clinical application. Therefore, researchers are engaged in reforming or de novo designing AMPs as a 'single-edged sword' that contains high antimicrobial activity yet low cytotoxicity against eukaryotic cells. To improve the antimicrobial activity of AMPs, the relationship between the structure and function of AMPs has been rigorously pursued. In this review, we focus on the current knowledge of α-helical cationic antimicrobial peptides, one of the most common types of AMPs in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibing Huang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
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26
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Lee TH, Hall KN, Swann MJ, Popplewell JF, Unabia S, Park Y, Hahm KS, Aguilar MI. The membrane insertion of helical antimicrobial peptides from the N-terminus of Helicobacter pylori ribosomal protein L1. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2010; 1798:544-57. [PMID: 20100457 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2010.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2009] [Revised: 01/14/2010] [Accepted: 01/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of two helical antimicrobial peptides, HPA3 and HPA3P with planar supported lipid membranes was quantitatively analysed using two complementary optical biosensors. The peptides are analogues of Hp(2-20) derived from the N-terminus of Helicobacter pylori ribosomal protein L1 (RpL1). The binding of these two peptide analogues to zwitterionic dimyristoyl-phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and negatively charged membranes composed of DMPC/dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol (DMPG) (4:1) was determined using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and dual polarisation interferometry (DPI). Using SPR analysis, it was shown that the proline substitution in HPA3P resulted in much lower binding for both zwitterionic and anionic membranes than HPA3. Structural changes in the planar DMPC and DMPC/DMPG (4:1) bilayers induced by the binding of both Hp(2-20) analogues were then resolved in real-time with DPI. The overall process of peptide-induced changes in membrane structure was analysed by the real-time changes in bound peptide mass as a function of bilayer birefringence. The insertion of both HPA3 and HPA3P into the supported lipid bilayers resulted in a decrease in birefringence with increasing amounts of bound peptide which reflects a decrease in the order of the bilayer. The binding of HPA3 to each membrane was associated with a higher level of bound peptide and greater membrane lipid disordering and a faster and higher degree of insertion into the membrane than HPA3P. Furthermore, the binding of both HPA3 and HPA3P to negatively charged DMPC/DMPG bilayers also leads to a greater disruption of the lipid ordering. These results demonstrate the geometrical changes in the membrane upon peptide insertion and the extent of membrane structural changes can be obtained quantitatively. Moreover, monitoring the effect of peptides on a structurally characterised bilayer has provided further insight into the role of membrane structure changes in the molecular basis of peptide selectivity and activity and may assist in defining the mode of antimicrobial action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzong-Hsien Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Wellington Rd, Clayton, Vic, 3800, Australia
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27
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Park SC, Lee JR, Kim JY, Hwang I, Nah JW, Cheong H, Park Y, Hahm KS. Pr-1, a novel antifungal protein from pumpkin rinds. Biotechnol Lett 2009; 32:125-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-009-0126-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2009] [Revised: 08/14/2009] [Accepted: 08/17/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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28
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Structural Modification and Expression of Attacin A from Glossina morsitans morsitans in E. coli and its Antibacterial Activities. Int J Pept Res Ther 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-009-9186-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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29
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Dawson RM, Liu CQ. Properties and applications of antimicrobial peptides in biodefense against biological warfare threat agents. Crit Rev Microbiol 2008; 34:89-107. [PMID: 18568863 DOI: 10.1080/10408410802143808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in knowledge of the properties of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are reviewed. AMPs are typically small, positively charged, amphipathic peptides that interact electrostatically and non-stereospecifically with the bacterial cell membrane, resulting in its permeabilization and cell death. Classes of AMPs, their mechanisms of action, hemolytic activity, and cytotoxicity towards host cells are discussed. A particular focus is AMPs with potential for use in defense against biological warfare agents. Some AMPs cytotoxic to Bacillus anthracis have been described. Synthesis of these peptides in multivalent form leads to a synergistic increase in antibacterial activity. Strategies to enhance the potency, stability, and selectivity of AMPs are discussed.
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30
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Park SC, Lee JR, Shin SO, Park Y, Lee SY, Hahm KS. Characterization of a heat-stable protein with antimicrobial activity from Arabidopsis thaliana. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 362:562-7. [PMID: 17720140 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.07.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2007] [Accepted: 07/19/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A heat-stable protein with antimicrobial activity was isolated from Arabidopsis thaliana plants by buffer-soluble extraction and two chromatographic procedures. The results of MALDI-TOF analysis revealed that the isolated protein shares high sequence identity with aspen SP1. To determine the exact antimicrobial properties of this protein, a cDNA encoding the protein was isolated from an A. thaliana leaf cDNA library and named AtHS1. AtHS1 mRNA was induced by exposure to external stresses, such as salicylic acid and jasmonic acid. We also analyzed the antimicrobial activity of recombinant AtHS1 expressed in Escherichia coli. This protein inhibited pathogenic fungal strains, except for Phytophthora infestans and Phytophthora nicotianae, and it exhibited antibacterial activity against E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus. These results suggest that AtHS1 shows good potential for use as a natural material in the study of antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Cheol Park
- Research Center for Proteineous Materials (RCPM), Chosun University, Kwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
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