1
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Schauenburg D, Weil T. Chemical Reactions in Living Systems. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2303396. [PMID: 37679060 PMCID: PMC10885656 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
The term "in vivo ("in the living") chemistry" refers to chemical reactions that take place in a complex living system such as cells, tissue, body liquids, or even in an entire organism. In contrast, reactions that occur generally outside living organisms in an artificial environment (e.g., in a test tube) are referred to as in vitro. Over the past decades, significant contributions have been made in this rapidly growing field of in vivo chemistry, but it is still not fully understood, which transformations proceed efficiently without the formation of by-products or how product formation in such complex environments can be characterized. Potential applications can be imagined that synthesize drug molecules directly within the cell or confer new cellular functions through controlled chemical transformations that will improve the understanding of living systems and develop new therapeutic strategies. The guiding principles of this contribution are twofold: 1) Which chemical reactions can be translated from the laboratory to the living system? 2) Which characterization methods are suitable for studying reactions and structure formation in complex living environments?
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tanja Weil
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry IUlm UniversityAlbert‐Einstein‐Allee 1189081UlmGermany
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2
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Muhammad T, Houssen WE, Thomas L, Alexandru-Crivac CN, Gunasekera S, Jaspars M, Göransson U. Exploring the Limits of Cyanobactin Macrocyclase PatGmac: Cyclization of PawS-Derived Peptide Sunflower Trypsin Inhibitor-1 and Cyclotide Kalata B1. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 86:566-573. [PMID: 36917740 PMCID: PMC10043927 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c01158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The subtilisin-like macrocyclase PatGmac is produced by the marine cyanobacterium Prochloron didemni. This enzyme is involved in the last step of the biosynthesis of patellamides, a cyanobactin type of ribosomally expressed and post-translationally modified cyclic peptides. PatGmac recognizes, cleaves, and cyclizes precursor peptides after a specific recognition motif comprised of a C-terminal tail with the sequence motif -AYDG. The result is the native macrocyclic patellamide, which has eight amino acid residues. Macrocyclase activity can be exploited by incorporating that motif in other short linear peptide precursors, which then are formed into head-to-tail cyclized peptides. Here, we explore the possibility of using PatGmac in the cyclization of peptides larger than the patellamides, namely, the PawS-derived peptide sunflower trypsin inhibitor-1 (SFTI-1) and the cyclotide kalata B1. These peptides fall under two distinct families of disulfide constrained macrocyclic plant peptides. They are both implicated as scaffolds for drug design due to their structures and unusual stability. We show that PatGmac can be used to efficiently cyclize the 14 amino acid residue long SFTI-1, but less so the 29 amino acid residue long kalata B1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taj Muhammad
- Pharmacognosy,
Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Biomedical Centre, Box 591, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Wael E Houssen
- Department
of Chemistry, Marine Biodiscovery Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, Scotland, U.K.
- Institute
of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, Scotland, U.K.
| | - Louise Thomas
- Department
of Chemistry, Marine Biodiscovery Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, Scotland, U.K.
- Institute
of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, Scotland, U.K.
| | - Cristina-Nicoleta Alexandru-Crivac
- Department
of Chemistry, Marine Biodiscovery Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, Scotland, U.K.
- Institute
of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, Scotland, U.K.
| | - Sunithi Gunasekera
- Pharmacognosy,
Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Biomedical Centre, Box 591, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marcel Jaspars
- Department
of Chemistry, Marine Biodiscovery Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, Scotland, U.K.
| | - Ulf Göransson
- Pharmacognosy,
Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Biomedical Centre, Box 591, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
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3
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Sato D, Denda M, Tsunematsu H, Tanaka N, Konishi I, Komiya C, Shigenaga A, Otaka A. Late-stage macrolactonisation enabled by tandem acyl transfers followed by desulphurisation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:2918-2921. [PMID: 35138311 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc07248j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Intramolecular S-acylation of a thiol-installed threonine with a thioester unit, followed by S-O acyl transfer and subsequent desulphurisation, allows the synthesis of lactone peptides. A protocol has been developed enabling the cyclisation of a linear peptide, a reaction which has not been achieved by conventional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Sato
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Sho-machi, 1-78-1, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan.
| | - Masaya Denda
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Sho-machi, 1-78-1, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan.
| | - Honoka Tsunematsu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Sho-machi, 1-78-1, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan.
| | - Naonobu Tanaka
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Sho-machi, 1-78-1, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan.
| | - Isamu Konishi
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Sho-machi, 1-78-1, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan.
| | - Chiaki Komiya
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Sho-machi, 1-78-1, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan.
| | - Akira Shigenaga
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, Hiroshima 729-0292, Japan
| | - Akira Otaka
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Sho-machi, 1-78-1, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan.
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4
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Hsu STD, Lee YTC, Mikula KM, Backlund SM, Tascón I, Goldman A, Iwaï H. Tying up the Loose Ends: A Mathematically Knotted Protein. Front Chem 2021; 9:663241. [PMID: 34109153 PMCID: PMC8182377 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.663241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Knots have attracted scientists in mathematics, physics, biology, and engineering. Long flexible thin strings easily knot and tangle as experienced in our daily life. Similarly, long polymer chains inevitably tend to get trapped into knots. Little is known about their formation or function in proteins despite >1,000 knotted proteins identified in nature. However, these protein knots are not mathematical knots with their backbone polypeptide chains because of their open termini, and the presence of a “knot” depends on the algorithm used to create path closure. Furthermore, it is generally not possible to control the topology of the unfolded states of proteins, therefore making it challenging to characterize functional and physicochemical properties of knotting in any polymer. Covalently linking the amino and carboxyl termini of the deeply trefoil-knotted YibK from Pseudomonas aeruginosa allowed us to create the truly backbone knotted protein by enzymatic peptide ligation. Moreover, we produced and investigated backbone cyclized YibK without any knotted structure. Thus, we could directly probe the effect of the backbone knot and the decrease in conformational entropy on protein folding. The backbone cyclization did not perturb the native structure and its cofactor binding affinity, but it substantially increased the thermal stability and reduced the aggregation propensity. The enhanced stability of a backbone knotted YibK could be mainly originated from an increased ruggedness of its free energy landscape and the destabilization of the denatured state by backbone cyclization with little contribution from a knot structure. Despite the heterogeneity in the side-chain compositions, the chemically unfolded cyclized YibK exhibited several macroscopic physico-chemical attributes that agree with theoretical predictions derived from polymer physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Te Danny Hsu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Tzai Cloud Lee
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kornelia M Mikula
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sofia M Backlund
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Igor Tascón
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Adrian Goldman
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Hideo Iwaï
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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5
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Westerlund K, Myrhammar A, Tano H, Gestin M, Karlström AE. Stability Enhancement of a Dimeric HER2-Specific Affibody Molecule through Sortase A-Catalyzed Head-to-Tail Cyclization. Molecules 2021; 26:2874. [PMID: 34066245 PMCID: PMC8150554 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26102874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural backbone-cyclized proteins have an increased thermostability and resistance towards proteases, characteristics that have sparked interest in head-to-tail cyclization as a method to stability-enhance proteins used in diagnostics and therapeutic applications, for example. In this proof-of principle study, we have produced and investigated a head-to-tail cyclized and HER2-specific ZHER2:342 Affibody dimer. The sortase A-mediated cyclization reaction is highly efficient (>95%) under optimized conditions, and renders a cyclic ZHER3:342-dimer with an apparent melting temperature, Tm, of 68 °C, which is 3 °C higher than that of its linear counterpart. Circular dichroism spectra of the linear and cyclic dimers looked very similar in the far-UV range, both before and after thermal unfolding to 90 °C, which suggests that cyclization does not negatively impact the helicity or folding of the cyclic protein. The cyclic dimer had an apparent sub-nanomolar affinity (Kd ~750 pM) to the HER2-receptor, which is a ~150-fold reduction in affinity relative to the linear dimer (Kd ~5 pM), but the anti-HER2 Affibody dimer remained a high-affinity binder even after cyclization. No apparent difference in proteolytic stability was detected in an endopeptidase degradation assay for the cyclic and linear dimers. In contrast, in an exopeptidase degradation assay, the linear dimer was shown to be completely degraded after 5 min, while the cyclic dimer showed no detectable degradation even after 60 min. We further demonstrate that a site-specifically DyLight 594-labeled cyclic dimer shows specific binding to HER2-overexpressing cells. Taken together, the results presented here demonstrate that head-to-tail cyclization can be an effective strategy to increase the stability of an Affibody dimer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Amelie Eriksson Karlström
- Department of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Center, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden; (K.W.); (A.M.); (H.T.); (M.G.)
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6
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Zhang J, Yuan J, Li Z, Fu C, Xu M, Yang J, Jiang X, Zhou B, Ye X, Xu C. Exploring and exploiting plant cyclic peptides for drug discovery and development. Med Res Rev 2021; 41:3096-3117. [PMID: 33599316 DOI: 10.1002/med.21792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Ever since the discovery of insulin, natural peptides have become an important resource for therapeutic development. Decades of research has led to the discovery of a long list of peptide drugs with broad applications in clinics, from antibiotics to hypertension treatment to pain management. Many of these US FDA-approved peptide drugs are derived from microorganisms and animals. By contrast, the great potential of plant cyclic peptides as therapeutics remains largely unexplored. These macrocyclic peptides typically have rigid structures, good bioavailability and membrane permeability, making them appealing candidates for drug development and engineering. In this review, we introduce the three major classes of plant cyclic peptides and summarize their potential medical applications. We discuss how we can leverage the genome information of many different plants to quickly search for new cyclic peptides and how we can take advantage of the insights gained from their biosynthetic pathways to transform the process of production and drug development. These recent developments have provided a new angle for exploring and exploiting plant cyclic peptides, and we believe that many more peptide drugs derived from plants are about to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jimin Yuan
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhijie Li
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunjin Fu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Menglong Xu
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Boping Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiufeng Ye
- Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Chengchao Xu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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7
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Wills R, Adebomi V, Raj M. Site-Selective Peptide Macrocyclization. Chembiochem 2020; 22:52-62. [PMID: 32794268 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cyclized peptides have seen a rise in popularity in the pharmaceutical industry as drug molecules. As such, new macrocyclization methodologies have become abundant in the last several decades. However, efficient methods of cyclization without the formation of side products remain a great challenge. Herein, we review cyclization approaches that focus on site-selective chemistry. Site selectivity in macrocyclization decreases the generation of side products, leading to a greater yield of the desired peptide macrocycles. We will also take an in-depth look at the new exclusively intramolecular N-terminal site-selective CyClick strategy for the synthesis of cyclic peptides. The CyClick method uses imine formation between an aldehyde and the N terminus. The imine is then trapped by a nucleophilic attack from the second amidic nitrogen in an irreversible site-selective fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Wills
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Victor Adebomi
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Monika Raj
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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8
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Smithies BJ, Huang YH, Jackson MA, Yap K, Gilding EK, Harris KS, Anderson MA, Craik DJ. Circular Permutation of the Native Enzyme-Mediated Cyclization Position in Cyclotides. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:962-969. [PMID: 32203656 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cyclotides are a class of cyclic disulfide-rich peptides found in plants that have been adopted as a molecular scaffold for pharmaceutical applications due to their inherent stability and ability to penetrate cell membranes. For research purposes, they are usually produced and cyclized synthetically, but there are concerns around the cost and environmental impact of large-scale chemical synthesis. One strategy to improve this is to combine a recombinant production system with native enzyme-mediated cyclization. Asparaginyl endopeptidases (AEPs) are enzymes that can act as peptide ligases in certain plants to facilitate cyclotide maturation. One of these ligases, OaAEP1b, originates from the cyclotide-producing plant, Oldenlandia affinis, and can be produced recombinantly for use in vitro as an alternative to chemical cyclization of recombinant substrates. However, not all engineered cyclotides are compatible with AEP-mediated cyclization because new pharmaceutical epitopes often replace the most flexible region of the peptide, where the native cyclization site is located. Here we redesign a popular cyclotide grafting scaffold, MCoTI-II, to incorporate an AEP cyclization site located away from the usual grafting region. We demonstrate the incorporation of a bioactive peptide sequence in the most flexible region of MCoTI-II while maintaining AEP compatibility, where the two were previously mutually exclusive. We anticipate that our AEP-compatible scaffold, based on the most popular cyclotide for pharmaceutical applications, will be useful in designing bioactive cyclotides that are compatible with AEP-mediated cyclization and will therefore open up the possibility of larger scale enzyme-mediated production of recombinant or synthetic cyclotides alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bronwyn J. Smithies
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Yen-Hua Huang
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Mark A. Jackson
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Kuok Yap
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Edward K. Gilding
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Karen S. Harris
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Marilyn A. Anderson
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - David J. Craik
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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9
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Abstract
This Review explores the class of plant-derived macrocyclic peptides called cyclotides. We include an account of their discovery, characterization, and distribution in the plant kingdom as well as a detailed analysis of their sequences and structures, biosynthesis and chemical synthesis, biological functions, and applications. These macrocyclic peptides are around 30 amino acids in size and are characterized by their head-to-tail cyclic backbone and cystine knot motif, which render them to be exceptionally stable, with resistance to thermal or enzymatic degradation. Routes to their chemical synthesis have been developed over the past two decades, and this capability has facilitated a wide range of mutagenesis and structure-activity relationship studies. In turn, these studies have both led to an increased understanding of their mechanisms of action as well as facilitated a range of applications in agriculture and medicine, as ecofriendly crop protection agents, and as drug leads or scaffolds for pharmaceutical design. Our overall objective in this Review is to provide readers with a comprehensive overview of cyclotides that we hope will stimulate further work on this fascinating family of peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon J de Veer
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Queensland 4072 , Australia
| | - Meng-Wei Kan
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Queensland 4072 , Australia
| | - David J Craik
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Queensland 4072 , Australia
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10
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Jin AH, Muttenthaler M, Dutertre S, Himaya SWA, Kaas Q, Craik DJ, Lewis RJ, Alewood PF. Conotoxins: Chemistry and Biology. Chem Rev 2019; 119:11510-11549. [PMID: 31633928 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The venom of the marine predatory cone snails (genus Conus) has evolved for prey capture and defense, providing the basis for survival and rapid diversification of the now estimated 750+ species. A typical Conus venom contains hundreds to thousands of bioactive peptides known as conotoxins. These mostly disulfide-rich and well-structured peptides act on a wide range of targets such as ion channels, G protein-coupled receptors, transporters, and enzymes. Conotoxins are of interest to neuroscientists as well as drug developers due to their exquisite potency and selectivity, not just against prey but also mammalian targets, thereby providing a rich source of molecular probes and therapeutic leads. The rise of integrated venomics has accelerated conotoxin discovery with now well over 10,000 conotoxin sequences published. However, their structural and pharmacological characterization lags considerably behind. In this review, we highlight the diversity of new conotoxins uncovered since 2014, their three-dimensional structures and folds, novel chemical approaches to their syntheses, and their value as pharmacological tools to unravel complex biology. Additionally, we discuss challenges and future directions for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Hua Jin
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience , The University of Queensland , Brisbane Queensland 4072 , Australia
| | - Markus Muttenthaler
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience , The University of Queensland , Brisbane Queensland 4072 , Australia.,Institute of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry , University of Vienna , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Sebastien Dutertre
- Département des Acides Amines, Peptides et Protéines, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5247, Université Montpellier 2-Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique , Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron , Place Eugène Bataillon , 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5 , France
| | - S W A Himaya
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience , The University of Queensland , Brisbane Queensland 4072 , Australia
| | - Quentin Kaas
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience , The University of Queensland , Brisbane Queensland 4072 , Australia
| | - David J Craik
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience , The University of Queensland , Brisbane Queensland 4072 , Australia
| | - Richard J Lewis
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience , The University of Queensland , Brisbane Queensland 4072 , Australia
| | - Paul F Alewood
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience , The University of Queensland , Brisbane Queensland 4072 , Australia
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11
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Huang YH, Du Q, Craik DJ. Cyclotides: Disulfide-rich peptide toxins in plants. Toxicon 2019; 172:33-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.10.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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12
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Ojeda PG, Cardoso MH, Franco OL. Pharmaceutical applications of cyclotides. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:2152-2161. [PMID: 31541712 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cyclotides are cyclic peptides, present in several plant families, that show diverse biological properties. Structurally, cyclotides share a distinctive head-to-tail circular knotted topology of three disulfide bonds. This framework provides cyclotides with extraordinary resistance to thermal and chemical denaturation. There is increasing interest in the therapeutic potential of cyclotides, which combine several promising pharmaceutical properties, including binding affinity, target selectivity, and low toxicity towards healthy mammalian cells. Recently, cyclotides have been reported to be orally bioavailable and have proved to be amenable to modifications. Here, we provide an overview of the structure, properties, and pharmaceutical applications of cyclotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola G Ojeda
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Maule, Av. San Miguel 3605, Talca 3480112, Chile
| | - Marlon H Cardoso
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil; 3S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Octávio L Franco
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil; 3S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Brazil.
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13
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Chow HY, Zhang Y, Matheson E, Li X. Ligation Technologies for the Synthesis of Cyclic Peptides. Chem Rev 2019; 119:9971-10001. [PMID: 31318534 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic peptides have been attracting a lot of attention in recent decades, especially in the area of drug discovery, as more and more naturally occurring cyclic peptides with diverse biological activities have been discovered. Chemical synthesis of cyclic peptides is essential when studying their structure-activity relationships. Conventional peptide cyclization methods via direct coupling have inherent limitations, like the susceptibility to epimerization at the C-terminus, poor solubility of fully protected peptide precursors, and low yield caused by oligomerization. In this regard, chemoselective ligation-mediated cyclization methods have emerged as effective strategies for cyclic peptide synthesis. The toolbox for cyclic peptide synthesis has been expanded substantially in the past two decades, allowing more efficient synthesis of cyclic peptides with various scaffolds and modifications. This Review will explore different chemoselective ligation technologies used for cyclic peptide synthesis that generate both native and unnatural peptide linkages. The practical issues and limitations of different methods will be discussed. The advance in cyclic peptide synthesis will benefit the biological and medicinal study of cyclic peptides, an important class of macrocycles with potentials in numerous fields, notably in therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoi Yee Chow
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong SAR , P. R. China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong SAR , P. R. China
| | - Eilidh Matheson
- School of Chemistry , University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh EH8 9LE , United Kingdom
| | - Xuechen Li
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong SAR , P. R. China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts , Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Qingdao 266237 , P. R. China
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14
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Agouridas V, El Mahdi O, Diemer V, Cargoët M, Monbaliu JCM, Melnyk O. Native Chemical Ligation and Extended Methods: Mechanisms, Catalysis, Scope, and Limitations. Chem Rev 2019; 119:7328-7443. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vangelis Agouridas
- UMR CNRS 8204, Centre d’Immunité et d’Infection de Lille, University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Ouafâa El Mahdi
- Faculté Polydisciplinaire de Taza, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, BP 1223 Taza Gare, Morocco
| | - Vincent Diemer
- UMR CNRS 8204, Centre d’Immunité et d’Infection de Lille, University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Marine Cargoët
- UMR CNRS 8204, Centre d’Immunité et d’Infection de Lille, University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Jean-Christophe M. Monbaliu
- Center for Integrated Technology and Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Liège, Building B6a, Room 3/16a, Sart-Tilman, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Oleg Melnyk
- UMR CNRS 8204, Centre d’Immunité et d’Infection de Lille, University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
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15
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Zhang C, Vinogradova EV, Spokoyny AM, Buchwald SL, Pentelute BL. Arylation Chemistry for Bioconjugation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:4810-4839. [PMID: 30399206 PMCID: PMC6433541 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201806009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bioconjugation chemistry has been used to prepare modified biomolecules with functions beyond what nature intended. Central to these techniques is the development of highly efficient and selective bioconjugation reactions that operate under mild, biomolecule compatible conditions. Methods that form a nucleophile-sp2 carbon bond show promise for creating bioconjugates with new modifications, sometimes resulting in molecules with unparalleled functions. Here we outline and review sulfur, nitrogen, selenium, oxygen, and carbon arylative bioconjugation strategies and their applications to modify peptides, proteins, sugars, and nucleic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Dr. C. Zhang, Dr. E. V. Vinogradova, Prof. Dr. A. M. Spokoyny, Prof. Dr. S. L. Buchwald, Prof. Dr. B. L. Pentelute, Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA, ,
| | - Ekaterina V. Vinogradova
- Dr. C. Zhang, Dr. E. V. Vinogradova, Prof. Dr. A. M. Spokoyny, Prof. Dr. S. L. Buchwald, Prof. Dr. B. L. Pentelute, Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA, ,
- Dr. E. V. Vinogradova, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Alexander M. Spokoyny
- Dr. C. Zhang, Dr. E. V. Vinogradova, Prof. Dr. A. M. Spokoyny, Prof. Dr. S. L. Buchwald, Prof. Dr. B. L. Pentelute, Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA, ,
- Prof. Dr. A. M. Spokoyny, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Stephen L. Buchwald
- Dr. C. Zhang, Dr. E. V. Vinogradova, Prof. Dr. A. M. Spokoyny, Prof. Dr. S. L. Buchwald, Prof. Dr. B. L. Pentelute, Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA, ,
| | - Bradley L. Pentelute
- Dr. C. Zhang, Dr. E. V. Vinogradova, Prof. Dr. A. M. Spokoyny, Prof. Dr. S. L. Buchwald, Prof. Dr. B. L. Pentelute, Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA, ,
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16
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Zhang C, Vinogradova EV, Spokoyny AM, Buchwald SL, Pentelute BL. Arylierungschemie für die Biokonjugation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201806009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Department of ChemistryMassachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Ekaterina V. Vinogradova
- Department of ChemistryMassachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Molecular MedicineThe Scripps Research Institute La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Alexander M. Spokoyny
- Department of ChemistryMassachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California, Los Angeles 607 Charles E. Young Drive East Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Stephen L. Buchwald
- Department of ChemistryMassachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Bradley L. Pentelute
- Department of ChemistryMassachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
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17
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Wu WH, Wei J, Zhang WB. Controlling SpyTag/SpyCatcher Reactivity via Redox-Gated Conformational Restriction. ACS Macro Lett 2018; 7:1388-1393. [PMID: 35651248 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report that the reactivity of genetically encoded SpyTag/SpyCatcher chemistry can be manipulated via redox-gated conformational restriction, which facilitates the preparation of all-protein-based hydrogel with latent reactive sites for subsequent covalent functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Wei
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan 455000, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Bin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
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18
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Antonatou E, Verleysen Y, Madder A. Singlet oxygen-mediated one-pot chemoselective peptide-peptide ligation. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 15:8140-8144. [PMID: 28914947 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob02245j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We here describe a furan oxidation based site-specific chemical ligation approach using unprotected peptide segments. This approach involves two steps: after photooxidation of a furan-containing peptide, ligation is achieved by reaction of the unmasked keto-enal with C- or N-terminal α-nucleophilic moieties of the second peptide such as hydrazine or hydrazide to form a pyridazinium or pyrrolidinone linkage respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Antonatou
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
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19
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Zhang XJ, Wu XL, Wang XW, Liu D, Yang S, Zhang WB. SpyCatcher-NTEV: A Circularly Permuted, Disordered SpyCatcher Variant for Less Trace Ligation. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:1622-1629. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Xia-Ling Wu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Dong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Shuguang Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Bin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
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20
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Rapid and efficient protein synthesis through expansion of the native chemical ligation concept. Nat Rev Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1038/s41570-018-0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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21
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Wu J, Tang J, Chen H, He Y, Wang H, Yao H. Recent developments in peptide macrocyclization. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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22
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Zaretsky S, Yudin AK. Recent advances in the synthesis of cyclic pseudopeptides. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2017; 26:3-10. [PMID: 29249240 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Constrained peptides pose tremendous value in drug discovery. For example, owing to their large surface areas, they offer novel ways at inhibiting protein-protein interactions. As this field has grown, it has become desirable to introduce non-peptidic functionality into these rings to enable differentiated structure activity relationships and improved pharmacokinetic properties. Recent advances in the synthesis of cyclic pseudopeptides include macrocyclization through cysteine alkylation, multicomponent reactions, decarboxylative couplings, and novel stapling chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Zaretsky
- University of Toronto, Lash Miller Chemical Labs, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada.
| | - Andrei K Yudin
- University of Toronto, Lash Miller Chemical Labs, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada.
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23
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Wang J, Zha M, Fei Q, Liu W, Zhao Y, Wu C. Peptide Macrocycles Developed from Precisely Regulated Multiple Cyclization of Unprotected Peptides. Chemistry 2017; 23:15150-15155. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinghui Wang
- Department of Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces; The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical; Analysis and Instrumentation; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 P.R. China
| | - Mirao Zha
- Department of Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces; The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical; Analysis and Instrumentation; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 P.R. China
| | - Qianran Fei
- Department of Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces; The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical; Analysis and Instrumentation; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 P.R. China
| | - Weidong Liu
- Department of Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces; The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical; Analysis and Instrumentation; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 P.R. China
| | - Yibing Zhao
- Department of Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces; The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical; Analysis and Instrumentation; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 P.R. China
| | - Chuanliu Wu
- Department of Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces; The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical; Analysis and Instrumentation; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 P.R. China
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24
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Li Y, Aboye T, Breindel L, Shekhtman A, Camarero JA. Efficient recombinant expression of SFTI-1 in bacterial cells using intein-mediated protein trans-splicing. Biopolymers 2017; 106:818-824. [PMID: 27178003 DOI: 10.1002/bip.22875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We report for the first time the recombinant expression of bioactive wild-type sunflower trypsin inhibitor 1 (SFTI-1) inside E. coli cells by making use of intracellular protein trans-splicing in combination with a high efficient split-intein. SFTI-1 is a small backbone-cyclized polypeptide with a single disulfide bridge and potent trypsin inhibitory activity. Recombinantly produced SFTI-1 was fully characterized by NMR and was observed to actively inhibit trypsin. The in-cell expression of SFTI-1 was very efficient reaching intracellular concentration ≈ 40 µM. This study clearly demonstrates the possibility of generating genetically encoded SFTI-based peptide libraries in live E. coli cells, and is a critical first step for developing in-cell screening and directed evolution technologies using the cyclic peptide SFTI-1 as a molecular scaffold. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 106: 818-824, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilong Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-9121
| | - Teshome Aboye
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-9121
| | - Leonard Breindel
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222
| | | | - Julio A Camarero
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-9121.,Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-9121
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25
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Roveri M, Bernasconi M, Leroux JC, Luciani P. Peptides for tumor-specific drug targeting: state of the art and beyond. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:4348-4364. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb00318h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This review outlines the most recent advances in peptide-mediated tumor-targeting and gives insight into the direction of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Roveri
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- ETH Zurich
- 8093 Zurich
- Switzerland
- Experimental Infectious Diseases and Cancer Research
| | - Michele Bernasconi
- Experimental Infectious Diseases and Cancer Research
- Children's Research Center
- University Children's Hospital Zurich
- 8032 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | | | - Paola Luciani
- Institute of Pharmacy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology
- Friedrich Schiller University
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
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26
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Molecular Engineering of Conus Peptides as Therapeutic Leads. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1030:229-254. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-66095-0_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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27
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Kuznetsova SS, Kolesanova EF, Talanova AV, Veselovsky AV. [Prospects for the design of new therapeutically significant protease inhibitors based on knottins and sunflower seed trypsin inhibitor (SFTI 1)]. BIOMEDIT︠S︡INSKAI︠A︡ KHIMII︠A︡ 2016; 62:353-68. [PMID: 27562989 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20166204353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Plant seed knottins, mainly from the Cucurbitacea family, and sunflower seed trypsin inhibitor (SFTI 1) are the most low-molecular canonical peptide inhibitors of serine proteases. High efficiency of inhibition of various serine proteases, structure rigidity together with the possibility of limited variations of amino acid sequences, high chemical stability, lack of toxic properties, opportunity of production by either chemical synthesis or use of heterologous expression systems make these inhibitors attractive templates for design of new compounds for regulation of therapeutically significant serine protease activities. Hence the design of such compounds represents a prospective research field. The review considers structural characteristics of these inhibitors, their properties, methods of preparation and design of new analogs. Examples of successful employment of natural serine protease inhibitors belonging to knottin family and SFTI 1 as templates for the design of highly specific inhibitors of certain proteases are given.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - A V Talanova
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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28
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Wu X, Huang Y, Kaas Q, Craik DJ. Cyclisation of Disulfide‐Rich Conotoxins in Drug Design Applications. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosa Wu
- Institute for Molecular BioscienceThe University of Queensland306 Carmody Road (Building 80)4072BrisbaneAustralia
| | - Yen‐Hua Huang
- Institute for Molecular BioscienceThe University of Queensland306 Carmody Road (Building 80)4072BrisbaneAustralia
| | - Quentin Kaas
- Institute for Molecular BioscienceThe University of Queensland306 Carmody Road (Building 80)4072BrisbaneAustralia
| | - David J. Craik
- Institute for Molecular BioscienceThe University of Queensland306 Carmody Road (Building 80)4072BrisbaneAustralia
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29
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Kondo H, Ikeda K, Nakano M. Formation of size-controlled, denaturation-resistant lipid nanodiscs by an amphiphilic self-polymerizing peptide. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 146:423-30. [PMID: 27393815 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nanodiscs are discoidal particles with a planar phospholipid bilayer enwrapped by proteins such as apolipoprotein A-I. Nanodiscs have been widely used for analyzing structures and functions of membrane proteins by dispersing them in solution. They are expected to be used as drug carriers and therapeutic agents. Amphiphilic peptides are known to form nanodiscs. However, the lipid-peptide nanodiscs are relatively unstable in solution, making them unsuitable for many applications. Here, we report the synthesis of an amphiphilic self-polymerizing peptide termed ASPP1, which polymerizes by intermolecular native chemical ligation reactions. ASPP1 spontaneously formed nanodiscs when added to phospholipid vesicles without using detergents. The diameter of the planar lipid bilayer in the nanodiscs was controlled by the lipid:peptide molar ratio. ASPP1-nanodiscs exhibited greater stability at high temperatures or in the presence of urea than nanodiscs formed by the non-polymerizing amphiphilic peptide or apolipoprotein A-I. Average and maximal degrees of ASPP1 polymerization were 2.4 and 12, respectively. Self-polymerization of the peptide appears to be responsible for stabilization of the nanodiscs. Our results open a new avenue for the development of nanodisc technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Kondo
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ikeda
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
| | - Minoru Nakano
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
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30
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Raibaut L, Cargoët M, Ollivier N, Chang YM, Drobecq H, Boll E, Desmet R, Monbaliu JCM, Melnyk O. Accelerating chemoselective peptide bond formation using bis(2-selenylethyl)amido peptide selenoester surrogates. Chem Sci 2016; 7:2657-2665. [PMID: 28660038 PMCID: PMC5477010 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc03459k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the potential of peptide selenoesters for protein total synthesis and the paucity of methods for the synthesis of these sensitive peptide derivatives, we sought to explore the usefulness of the bis(2-selenylethyl)amido (SeEA) group, i.e. the selenium analog of the bis(2-sulfanylethyl)amido (SEA) group, for accelerating peptide bond formation. A chemoselective exchange process operating in water was devised for converting SEA peptides into the SeEA ones. Kinetic studies show that SeEA ligation, which relies on an initial N,Se-acyl shift process, proceeds significantly faster than SEA ligation. This property enabled the design of a kinetically controlled three peptide segment assembly process based on the sequential use of SeEA and SEA ligation reactions. The method was validated by the total synthesis of hepatocyte growth factor K1 (85 AA) and biotinylated NK1 (180 AA) domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Raibaut
- UMR CNRS 8161 CNRS , Université de Lille , Institut Pasteur de Lille , 1 rue du Pr Calmette , 59021 Lille Cedex , France .
| | - Marine Cargoët
- UMR CNRS 8161 CNRS , Université de Lille , Institut Pasteur de Lille , 1 rue du Pr Calmette , 59021 Lille Cedex , France .
| | - Nathalie Ollivier
- UMR CNRS 8161 CNRS , Université de Lille , Institut Pasteur de Lille , 1 rue du Pr Calmette , 59021 Lille Cedex , France .
| | - Yun Min Chang
- UMR CNRS 8161 CNRS , Université de Lille , Institut Pasteur de Lille , 1 rue du Pr Calmette , 59021 Lille Cedex , France .
| | - Hervé Drobecq
- UMR CNRS 8161 CNRS , Université de Lille , Institut Pasteur de Lille , 1 rue du Pr Calmette , 59021 Lille Cedex , France .
| | - Emmanuelle Boll
- UMR CNRS 8161 CNRS , Université de Lille , Institut Pasteur de Lille , 1 rue du Pr Calmette , 59021 Lille Cedex , France .
| | - Rémi Desmet
- UMR CNRS 8161 CNRS , Université de Lille , Institut Pasteur de Lille , 1 rue du Pr Calmette , 59021 Lille Cedex , France .
| | - Jean-Christophe M Monbaliu
- Center for Integrated Technology and Organic Synthesis , Department of Chemistry , University of Liège , Building B6a, Room 3/16a, Sart-Tilman , B-4000 Liège , Belgium
| | - Oleg Melnyk
- UMR CNRS 8161 CNRS , Université de Lille , Institut Pasteur de Lille , 1 rue du Pr Calmette , 59021 Lille Cedex , France .
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31
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Synthetic Cystine-Knot Miniproteins - Valuable Scaffolds for Polypeptide Engineering. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 917:121-44. [PMID: 27236555 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-32805-8_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Peptides with the cystine-knot architecture, often termed knottins, are promising scaffolds for biomolecular engineering. These unique molecules combine diverse bioactivities with excellent structural, thermal, and proteolytical stability. Being different in the composition and structure of their amino acid backbone, knottins share the same core element, namely cystine knot, which is built by six cysteine residues forming three disulfides upon oxidative folding. This motif ensures a notably rigid framework that highly tolerates both rational and combinatorial changes in the primary structure. Being accessible through recombinant production and total chemical synthesis, cystine-knot miniproteins can be endowed with novel bioactivities by variation of surface-exposed loops and incorporation of non-natural elements within their non-conserved regions towards the generation of tailor-made peptidic compounds. In this chapter the topology of cystine-knot peptides, their synthesis and applications for diagnostics and therapy is discussed.
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32
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Bajaj K, Sakhuja R, Pillai GG. Traceless reductive ligation at a tryptophan site: a facile access to β-hydroxytryptophan appended peptides. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:9578-9587. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01542e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
One-pot methodology (reduction & O to N migration); synthesis of β-hydroxytryptophan appended native peptides; computational support for the mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Bajaj
- Department of Chemistry
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science
- Pilani 333031
- India
| | - Rajeev Sakhuja
- Department of Chemistry
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science
- Pilani 333031
- India
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33
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van 't Hof W, Hansenová Maňásková S, Veerman ECI, Bolscher JGM. Sortase-mediated backbone cyclization of proteins and peptides. Biol Chem 2015; 396:283-93. [PMID: 25581753 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2014-0260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Backbone cyclization has a profound impact on the biological activity and thermal and proteolytic stability of proteins and peptides. Chemical methods for cyclization are not always feasible, especially for large peptides or proteins. Recombinant Staphylococcus aureus sortase A shows potential as a new tool for the cyclization of both proteins and peptides. In this review, the scope and background of the sortase-mediated cyclization are discussed. High efficiency, versatility, and easy access make sortase A a promising cyclization tool, both for recombinant and chemo-enzymatic production methods.
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Rohrbacher F, Deniau G, Luther A, Bode JW. Spontaneous head-to-tail cyclization of unprotected linear peptides with the KAHA ligation. Chem Sci 2015; 6:4889-4896. [PMID: 29142720 PMCID: PMC5664356 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc01774b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The α-ketoacid–hydroxylamine (KAHA) ligation enables the direct cyclization of unprotected peptides upon cleavage, without coupling reagents or purification of precursors. We report the synthesis of a library of 24 cyclic peptides and a detailed mechanistic study.
The α-ketoacid–hydroxylamine (KAHA) ligation with 5-oxaproline enables the direct cyclization of peptides upon cleavage from a solid support, without coupling reagents, protecting groups, or purification of the linear precursors. This Fmoc SPPS-based method was applied to the synthesis of a library of 24 homoserine-containing cyclic peptides and was compared side-by-side with the synthesis of the same products using a standard method for cyclizing side-chain protected substrates. A detailed mechanistic study including 2H and 18O labeling experiments and the characterization of reaction intermediates by NMR and mass spectrometry is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Rohrbacher
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie , Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , ETH Zürich , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland . ; http://www.bode.ethz.ch
| | - Gildas Deniau
- Polyphor Ltd. , Hegenheimermattweg 125 , 4123 Allschwil , Switzerland . http://www.polyphor.com
| | - Anatol Luther
- Polyphor Ltd. , Hegenheimermattweg 125 , 4123 Allschwil , Switzerland . http://www.polyphor.com
| | - Jeffrey W Bode
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie , Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , ETH Zürich , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland . ; http://www.bode.ethz.ch.,Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) , Nagoya University , Chikusa , Nagoya 464-8602 , Japan . http://www.itbm.nagoya-u.ac.jp
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Zhang J, Yamaguchi S, Nagamune T. Sortase A-mediated synthesis of ligand-grafted cyclized peptides for modulating a model protein-protein interaction. Biotechnol J 2015; 10:1499-505. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201500013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Shakoor SMA, Choudhary S, Bajaj K, Muthyala MK, Kumar A, Sakhuja R. Imidazolium-supported benzotriazole: an efficient and recoverable activating reagent for amide, ester and thioester bond formation in water. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra18749d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient and recyclable imidazolium-supported benzotriazole reagent (Im-CH2-BtH) as a novel synthetic auxiliary has been synthesized and explored for its carboxyl group activating capability for the synthesis of amides, esters and thioesters in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. M. Abdul Shakoor
- Department of Chemistry
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science
- Pilani 333 031
- India
| | - Sunita Choudhary
- Department of Chemistry
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science
- Pilani 333 031
- India
| | - Kiran Bajaj
- Department of Chemistry
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science
- Pilani 333 031
- India
| | - Manoj Kumar Muthyala
- Department of Chemistry
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science
- Pilani 333 031
- India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science
- Pilani 333 031
- India
| | - Rajeev Sakhuja
- Department of Chemistry
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science
- Pilani 333 031
- India
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Boll E, Ebran JP, Drobecq H, El-Mahdi O, Raibaut L, Ollivier N, Melnyk O. Access to large cyclic peptides by a one-pot two-peptide segment ligation/cyclization process. Org Lett 2014; 17:130-3. [PMID: 25506740 DOI: 10.1021/ol503359w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The use of the N-acetoacetyl protecting group for N-terminal cysteine residue enabled creation of an efficient and mild one-pot native chemical ligation/SEA ligation sequence giving access to large cyclic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Boll
- UMR CNRS 8161, Université de Lille, Pasteur Institute of Lille 59021 Lille, France
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38
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Brea RJ, Cole CM, Devaraj NK. In situ vesicle formation by native chemical ligation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:14102-5. [PMID: 25346090 PMCID: PMC4418804 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201408538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipid vesicles are of intense fundamental and practical interest, yet methods for their de novo generation from reactive precursors are limited. A non-enzymatic and chemoselective method to spontaneously generate phospholipid membranes from water-soluble starting materials would be a powerful tool for generating vesicles and studying lipid membranes. Here we describe the use of native chemical ligation (NCL) to rapidly prepare phospholipids spontaneously from thioesters. While NCL is one of the most popular tools for synthesizing proteins and nucleic acids, to our knowledge this is the first example of using NCL to generate phospholipids de novo. The lipids are capable of in situ synthesis and self-assembly into vesicles that can grow to several microns in diameter. The selectivity of the NCL reaction makes in situ membrane formation compatible with biological materials such as proteins. This work expands the application of NCL to the formation of phospholipid membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto J. Brea
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Building: Urey Hall 4120, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA, Fax: (+1) 858-534-9503, Homepage: http://devarajgroup.ucsd.edu
| | - Christian M. Cole
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Building: Urey Hall 4120, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA, Fax: (+1) 858-534-9503, Homepage: http://devarajgroup.ucsd.edu
| | - Neal K. Devaraj
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Building: Urey Hall 4120, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA, Fax: (+1) 858-534-9503, Homepage: http://devarajgroup.ucsd.edu
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39
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Brea RJ, Cole CM, Devaraj NK. In Situ Vesicle Formation by Native Chemical Ligation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201408538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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40
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Hill TA, Shepherd NE, Diness F, Fairlie DP. Constraining cyclic peptides to mimic protein structure motifs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:13020-41. [PMID: 25287434 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201401058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Many proteins exert their biological activities through small exposed surface regions called epitopes that are folded peptides of well-defined three-dimensional structures. Short synthetic peptide sequences corresponding to these bioactive protein surfaces do not form thermodynamically stable protein-like structures in water. However, short peptides can be induced to fold into protein-like bioactive conformations (strands, helices, turns) by cyclization, in conjunction with the use of other molecular constraints, that helps to fine-tune three-dimensional structure. Such constrained cyclic peptides can have protein-like biological activities and potencies, enabling their uses as biological probes and leads to therapeutics, diagnostics and vaccines. This Review highlights examples of cyclic peptides that mimic three-dimensional structures of strand, turn or helical segments of peptides and proteins, and identifies some additional restraints incorporated into natural product cyclic peptides and synthetic macrocyclic peptidomimetics that refine peptide structure and confer biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A Hill
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072 (Australia)
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41
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Hill TA, Shepherd NE, Diness F, Fairlie DP. Fixierung cyclischer Peptide: Mimetika von Proteinstrukturmotiven. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201401058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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42
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Thapa P, Zhang RY, Menon V, Bingham JP. Native chemical ligation: a boon to peptide chemistry. Molecules 2014; 19:14461-83. [PMID: 25221869 PMCID: PMC6271921 DOI: 10.3390/molecules190914461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of chemical ligation within the realm of peptide chemistry has opened various opportunities to expand the applications of peptides/proteins in biological sciences. Expansion and refinement of ligation chemistry has made it possible for the entry of peptides into the world of viable oral therapeutic drugs through peptide backbone cyclization. This progression has been a journey of chemical exploration and transition, leading to the dominance of native chemical ligation in the present advances of peptide/protein applications. Here we illustrate and explore the historical and current nature of peptide ligation, providing a clear indication to the possibilities and use of these novel methods to take peptides outside their typically defined boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parashar Thapa
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Rui-Yang Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Vinay Menon
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Jon-Paul Bingham
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
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Wang CK, King GJ, Northfield SE, Ojeda PG, Craik DJ. Racemic and Quasi-Racemic X-ray Structures of Cyclic Disulfide-Rich Peptide Drug Scaffolds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:11236-41. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201406563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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44
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Wang CK, King GJ, Northfield SE, Ojeda PG, Craik DJ. Racemic and Quasi-Racemic X-ray Structures of Cyclic Disulfide-Rich Peptide Drug Scaffolds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201406563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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45
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Thapa P, Espiritu MJ, Cabalteja C, Bingham JP. The Emergence of Cyclic Peptides: The Potential of Bioengineered Peptide Drugs. Int J Pept Res Ther 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-014-9421-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Venkateswara Rao B, Dhokale S, Rajamohanan PR, Hotha S. A tetrazine templated method for the synthesis of ternary conjugates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 49:10808-10. [PMID: 24113332 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc46634e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Conjugation is an important reaction that enables coupling of molecules. Many protocols exist for the synthesis of binary conjugates from two different molecules or for the polyvalent display of a single molecule. There aren't many methods for the synthesis of ternary conjugates. However, methods for ternary conjugation are important for understanding the interplay of interactions between three biomolecules (or any three molecules per se). A strategy for ternary bioconjugation using inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reaction with tetrazine is studied. Ternary conjugation was demonstrated by the reaction of a model glyco-peptide binary conjugate with a fluorescent tagged olefin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boddu Venkateswara Rao
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, India.
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48
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Burman R, Gunasekera S, Strömstedt AA, Göransson U. Chemistry and biology of cyclotides: circular plant peptides outside the box. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2014; 77:724-36. [PMID: 24527877 DOI: 10.1021/np401055j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cyclotides stand out as the largest family of circular proteins of plant origin hitherto known, with more than 280 sequences isolated at peptide level and many more predicted from gene sequences. Their unusual stability resulting from the signature cyclic cystine knot (CCK) motif has triggered a broad interest in these molecules for potential therapeutic and agricultural applications. Since the time of the first cyclotide discovery, our laboratory in Uppsala has been engaged in cyclotide discovery as well as the development of protocols to isolate and characterize these seamless peptides. We have also developed methods to chemically synthesize cyclotides by Fmoc-SPPS, which are useful in protein grafting applications. In this review, experience in cyclotide research over two decades and the recent literature related to their structures, synthesis, and folding as well the recent proof-of-concept findings on their use as "epitope" stabilizing scaffolds are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Burman
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University , Biomedical Centre, Box 574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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49
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Brust A, Schroeder CI, Alewood PF. High-Throughput Synthesis of Peptide α-Thioesters: A Safety Catch Linker Approach Enabling Parallel Hydrogen Fluoride Cleavage. ChemMedChem 2014; 9:1038-46. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201300524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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50
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Zou Y, Spokoyny AM, Zhang C, Simon MD, Yu H, Lin YS, Pentelute BL. Convergent diversity-oriented side-chain macrocyclization scan for unprotected polypeptides. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:566-73. [PMID: 24310320 PMCID: PMC3935340 DOI: 10.1039/c3ob42168f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Here we describe a general synthetic platform for side-chain macrocyclization of an unprotected peptide library based on the SNAr reaction between cysteine thiolates and a new generation of highly reactive perfluoroaromatic small molecule linkers. This strategy enabled us to simultaneously "scan" two cysteine residues positioned from i, i + 1 to i, i + 14 sites in a polypeptide, producing 98 macrocyclic products from reactions of 14 peptides with 7 linkers. A complementary reverse strategy was developed; cysteine residues within the polypeptide were first modified with non-bridging perfluoroaryl moieties and then commercially available dithiol linkers were used for macrocyclization. The highly convergent, site-independent, and modular nature of these two strategies coupled with the unique chemoselectivity of a SNAr transformation allows for the rapid diversity-oriented synthesis of hybrid macrocyclic peptide libraries with varied chemical and structural complexities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yekui Zou
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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