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Javia A, Vanza J, Bardoliwala D, Ghosh S, Misra A, Patel M, Thakkar H. Polymer-drug conjugates: Design principles, emerging synthetic strategies and clinical overview. Int J Pharm 2022; 623:121863. [PMID: 35643347 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Adagen, an enzyme replacement treatment for adenosine deaminase deficiency, was the first protein-polymer conjugate to be approved in early 1990s. Post this regulatory approval, numerous polymeric drugs and polymeric nanoparticles have entered the market as advanced or next-generation polymer-based therapeutics, while many others have currently been tested clinically. The polymer conjugation to therapeutic moiety offers several advantages, like enhanced solubilization of drug, controlled release, reduced immunogenicity, and prolonged circulation. The present review intends to highlight considerations in the design of therapeutically effective polymer-drug conjugates (PDCs), including the choice of linker chemistry. The potential synthetic strategies to formulate PDCs have been discussed along with recent advancements in the different types of PDCs, i.e., polymer-small molecular weight drug conjugates, polymer-protein conjugates, and stimuli-responsive PDCs, which are under clinical/preclinical investigation. Current impediments and regulatory hurdles hindering the clinical translation of PDC into effective therapeutic regimens for the amelioration of disease conditions have been addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Javia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat-390001, India
| | - Jigar Vanza
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Changa, Gujarat-388421, India
| | - Denish Bardoliwala
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat-390001, India
| | - Saikat Ghosh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat-390001, India
| | - Ambikanandan Misra
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat-390001, India; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Shirpur, Maharashtra-425405, Indi
| | - Mrunali Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Changa, Gujarat-388421, India
| | - Hetal Thakkar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat-390001, India.
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2
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Duran T, Costa A, Gupta A, Xu X, Zhang H, Burgess D, Chaudhuri B. Coarse-Grained Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Paclitaxel-Loaded Polymeric Micelles. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:1117-1134. [PMID: 35243863 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A continuous manufacturing technology based on coaxial turbulent jet in coflow was previously developed to produce paclitaxel-loaded polymeric micelles. Herein, coarse-grained molecular dynamics (CG-MD) simulations were implemented to better understand the effect of the material attributes (i.e., the drug-polymer ratio and the ethanol concentration) and process parameters (i.e., temperature) on the self-assembly process of polymeric micelles as well as to provide molecular details on micelle instability. An all-atom (AA) poly (ethylene glycol)-poly (lactic acid) (PEG-PLA) polymer model was developed as the reference for parameterizing a coarse-grained (CG) model, and the AA polymer model was further validated with experimental glass transition temperature (Tg). The model transferability was verified by comparing structural properties between the AA and CG models. The CG model was further validated with experimental data, including micelle particle size measurements and drug encapsulation efficiency. Furthermore, the encapsulation of paclitaxel into the polymeric micelles was included in the simulations, taking into consideration the interactions between the paclitaxel and the polymers. The results from various points of view demonstrated a strong dependence of the shape of the micelles on the drug encapsulation, with micelles transitioning from spherical to ellipsoidal structures with an increasing paclitaxel amount. Simulation data were also used to identify the critical aggregation number (i.e., the number of polymer and drug molecules required for transition from one shape to another). Improved micellar structural stability was found with a larger micellar size and less solvent accessibility. Lastly, an evaluation was performed on the micellar dissociation free energy using a steered molecular dynamics simulation over a range of temperatures and ethanol concentrations. These simulations revealed that at higher ethanol and temperature conditions, micelles become destabilized, resulting in greater paclitaxel release. The increased drug release was determined to originate from the solvation of the hydrophobic core, which promoted micellar swelling and an associated reduction in hydrophobic interactions, leading to a loosely packed micellar structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibo Duran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Antonio Costa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Anand Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Xiaoming Xu
- Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Hailing Zhang
- Office of Lifecycle Drug Product, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Diane Burgess
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Bodhisattwa Chaudhuri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States.,Institute of Materials Sciences (IMS), University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States.,Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
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3
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Alessandri R, Grünewald F, Marrink SJ. The Martini Model in Materials Science. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2008635. [PMID: 33956373 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202008635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Martini model, a coarse-grained force field initially developed with biomolecular simulations in mind, has found an increasing number of applications in the field of soft materials science. The model's underlying building block principle does not pose restrictions on its application beyond biomolecular systems. Here, the main applications to date of the Martini model in materials science are highlighted, and a perspective for the future developments in this field is given, particularly in light of recent developments such as the new version of the model, Martini 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Alessandri
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials and Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, 9747AG, The Netherlands
| | - Fabian Grünewald
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials and Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, 9747AG, The Netherlands
| | - Siewert J Marrink
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials and Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, 9747AG, The Netherlands
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4
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Thakor P, Bhavana V, Sharma R, Srivastava S, Singh SB, Mehra NK. Polymer–drug conjugates: recent advances and future perspectives. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:1718-1726. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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5
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Das T, Mehta CH, Nayak UY. Multiple approaches for achieving drug solubility: an in silico perspective. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:1206-1212. [PMID: 32353425 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Discovering new therapeutically active molecules is the ultimate destination in pharmaceutical research and development. Most drugs discovered are lipophilic and, hence, exhibit poor aqueous solubility, resulting in low bioavailability. Thus, there is a need to use various solubility enhancement techniques. Computational approaches enable the analysis of drug-carrier interactions or the numerous conformational changes in the carrier matrix that might establish an appropriate balance between cohesive and adhesive stability in a formulation. In this review, we discuss research approaches that provided molecular insight into drugs and their modifiers to unravel their solubility, stability, and bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsa Das
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Chetan H Mehta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Usha Y Nayak
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India.
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6
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Zhou JE, Yu J, Gao L, Sun L, Peng T, Wang J, Zhu J, Lu W, Zhang L, Yan Z, Yu L. iNGR-Modified Liposomes for Tumor Vascular Targeting and Tumor Tissue Penetrating Delivery in the Treatment of Glioblastoma. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:1811-1820. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-e Zhou
- Institute of Biomedical
Engineering, Technology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular
Therapeutics, New Drug Development, School of Chemistry, Molecular
Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Institute of Biomedical
Engineering, Technology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular
Therapeutics, New Drug Development, School of Chemistry, Molecular
Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Lipeng Gao
- Institute of Biomedical
Engineering, Technology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular
Therapeutics, New Drug Development, School of Chemistry, Molecular
Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Institute of Biomedical
Engineering, Technology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular
Therapeutics, New Drug Development, School of Chemistry, Molecular
Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Ting Peng
- Institute of Biomedical
Engineering, Technology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular
Therapeutics, New Drug Development, School of Chemistry, Molecular
Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Biomedical
Engineering, Technology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular
Therapeutics, New Drug Development, School of Chemistry, Molecular
Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Jianzhong Zhu
- Institute of Biomedical
Engineering, Technology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular
Therapeutics, New Drug Development, School of Chemistry, Molecular
Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Weiyue Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaoxing People’s
Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital of ZheJiang University, Shaoxing 312000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Yan
- Institute of Biomedical
Engineering, Technology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular
Therapeutics, New Drug Development, School of Chemistry, Molecular
Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Lei Yu
- Institute of Biomedical
Engineering, Technology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular
Therapeutics, New Drug Development, School of Chemistry, Molecular
Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
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7
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Chang CY, Ju SP, Wang LF, Chen CC, Chuang YC, Wu HL, Chen HT. Investigation of the self-assembly of CS and PCL copolymers with different molecular weights in water solution by coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation. J Mol Model 2017; 23:151. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-017-3294-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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8
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Ramezanpour M, Leung SSW, Delgado-Magnero KH, Bashe BYM, Thewalt J, Tieleman DP. Computational and experimental approaches for investigating nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2016; 1858:1688-709. [PMID: 26930298 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2016.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Most therapeutic agents suffer from poor solubility, rapid clearance from the blood stream, a lack of targeting, and often poor translocation ability across cell membranes. Drug/gene delivery systems (DDSs) are capable of overcoming some of these barriers to enhance delivery of drugs to their right place of action, e.g. inside cancer cells. In this review, we focus on nanoparticles as DDSs. Complementary experimental and computational studies have enhanced our understanding of the mechanism of action of nanocarriers and their underlying interactions with drugs, biomembranes and other biological molecules. We review key biophysical aspects of DDSs and discuss how computer modeling can assist in rational design of DDSs with improved and optimized properties. We summarize commonly used experimental techniques for the study of DDSs. Then we review computational studies for several major categories of nanocarriers, including dendrimers and dendrons, polymer-, peptide-, nucleic acid-, lipid-, and carbon-based DDSs, and gold nanoparticles. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Membrane Proteins edited by J.C. Gumbart and Sergei Noskov.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ramezanpour
- Centre for Molecular Simulation, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - S S W Leung
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - K H Delgado-Magnero
- Centre for Molecular Simulation, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - B Y M Bashe
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - J Thewalt
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada; Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - D P Tieleman
- Centre for Molecular Simulation, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
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9
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Su H, Koo JM, Cui H. One-component nanomedicine. J Control Release 2015; 219:383-395. [PMID: 26423237 PMCID: PMC4656119 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.09.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
One-component nanomedicine (OCN) represents an emerging class of therapeutic nanostructures that contain only one type of chemical substance. This one-component feature allows for fine-tuning and optimization of the drug loading and physicochemical properties of nanomedicine in a precise manner through molecular engineering of the underlying building blocks. Using a precipitation procedure or effective molecular assembly strategies, molecularly crafted therapeutic agents (e.g. polymer-drug conjugates, small molecule prodrugs, or drug amphiphiles) could involuntarily aggregate, or self-assemble into nanoscale objects of well-defined sizes and shapes. Unlike traditional carrier-based nanomedicines that are inherently multicomponent systems, an OCN does not require the use of additional carriers and could itself possess desired physicochemical features for preferential accumulation at target sites. We review here recent progress in the molecular design, conjugation methods, and fabrication strategies of OCN, and analyze the opportunities that this emerging platform could open for the new and improved treatment of devastating diseases such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Su
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Jin Mo Koo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Honggang Cui
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Oncology and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Center for Nanomedicine, The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
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10
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Jiang W, Luo J, Nangia S. Multiscale approach to investigate self-assembly of telodendrimer based nanocarriers for anticancer drug delivery. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:4270-4280. [PMID: 25532019 PMCID: PMC4760677 DOI: 10.1021/la503949b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Delivery of poorly soluble anticancer drugs can be achieved by employing polymeric drug delivery systems, capable of forming stable self-assembled nanocarriers with drug encapsulated within their hydrophobic cores. Computational investigations can aid the design of efficient drug-delivery platforms; however, simulations of nanocarrier self-assembly process are challenging due to high computational cost associated with the large system sizes (millions of atoms) and long time scales required for equilibration. In this work, we overcome this challenge by employing a multiscale computational approach in conjunction with experiments to analyze the role of the individual building blocks in the self-assembly of a highly tunable linear poly(ethylene glycol)-b-dendritic oligo(cholic acid) block copolymer called telodendrimer. The multiscale approach involved developing a coarse grained description of the telodendrimer, performing simulations over several microseconds to capture the self-assembly process, followed by reverse mapping of the coarse grained system to atomistic representation for structural analysis. Overcoming the computational bottleneck allowed us to run multiple self-assembly simulations and determine average size, drug-telodendrimer micellar stoichiometry, optimal drug loading capacity, and atomistic details such hydrogen-bonding and solvent accessible area of the nanocarrier. Computed results are in agreement with the experimental data, highlighting the success of the multiscale approach applied here.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juntao Luo
- †Department of Pharmacology, Upstate Cancer Research Institute, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
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11
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He X, Lin M, Lu T, Qu Z, Xu F. Molecular analysis of interactions between a PAMAM dendrimer–paclitaxel conjugate and a biomembrane. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:29507-17. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp02242h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the underlying mechanism of nanomedicine–biomembrane interactions is important for the design and optimization of payload delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- XiaoCong He
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of Ministry of Education
- School of Energy and Power Engineering
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
- P. R. China
| | - Min Lin
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC)
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
- P. R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education
| | - TianJian Lu
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC)
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
- P. R. China
| | - ZhiGuo Qu
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of Ministry of Education
- School of Energy and Power Engineering
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
- P. R. China
| | - Feng Xu
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC)
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
- P. R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education
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12
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Meleshko G, Kulhavy J, Paul A, Willock DJ, Platts JA. All-atom molecular dynamics simulation of HPMA polymers. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra46386a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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13
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14
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de Jong DH, Singh G, Bennett WFD, Arnarez C, Wassenaar TA, Schäfer LV, Periole X, Tieleman DP, Marrink SJ. Improved Parameters for the Martini Coarse-Grained Protein Force Field. J Chem Theory Comput 2012; 9:687-97. [DOI: 10.1021/ct300646g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 922] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Djurre H. de Jong
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences
and Biotechnology Institute and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials,
University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gurpreet Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences
and Institute for Biocomplexity and Informatics, University of Calgary,
2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 1N4
| | - W. F. Drew Bennett
- Department of Biological Sciences
and Institute for Biocomplexity and Informatics, University of Calgary,
2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 1N4
| | - Clement Arnarez
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences
and Biotechnology Institute and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials,
University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tsjerk A. Wassenaar
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences
and Biotechnology Institute and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials,
University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lars V. Schäfer
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences
and Biotechnology Institute and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials,
University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Xavier Periole
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences
and Biotechnology Institute and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials,
University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - D. Peter Tieleman
- Department of Biological Sciences
and Institute for Biocomplexity and Informatics, University of Calgary,
2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 1N4
| | - Siewert J. Marrink
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences
and Biotechnology Institute and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials,
University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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15
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Huynh L, Neale C, Pomès R, Allen C. Computational approaches to the rational design of nanoemulsions, polymeric micelles, and dendrimers for drug delivery. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2012; 8:20-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2011.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2011] [Revised: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 05/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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16
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Peng LX, Yu L, Howell SB, Gough DA. Effects of Solution Concentration on the Physicochemical Properties of a Polymeric Anticancer Therapeutic. Mol Pharm 2011; 9:37-47. [DOI: 10.1021/mp2002208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lei Yu
- Nitto Denko Technical Corporation, Oceanside, California
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17
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Yang D, Van S, Liu J, Wang J, Jiang X, Wang Y, Yu L. Physicochemical properties and biocompatibility of a polymer-paclitaxel conjugate for cancer treatment. Int J Nanomedicine 2011; 6:2557-66. [PMID: 22072890 PMCID: PMC3205149 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s25044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Poly(L-γ-glutamylglutamine) paclitaxel (PGG-PTX) conjugate is a non-diblock polymeric drug nanoparticle intended to improve the therapeutic index of paclitaxel. The purpose of the present study was to elucidate further the physicochemical properties of PGG-PTX in order to proceed with its clinical development. Methods and results PGG-PTX was designed by integration of a hydrophobic paclitaxel conjugate through an added hydrophilic glutamic acid onto poly(L-glutamic acid). The addition of a flexible glutamic linker between PGA and paclitaxel resulted in spontaneous self-assembly of a PGG-PTX conjugate into nanoparticles. The PGG-PTX conjugate was stable as a lyophilized solid form. An in vitro viability experiment showed that PGG-PTX was effective after a longer incubation period, the same trend as Taxol. In vitro studies using NCI-H460 and B16F0 cancer cells demonstrated significantly high cellular uptake after 30 minutes of incubation. The in vivo biocompatibility of PGG-PTX conjugate was evaluated in the NCI-H460 tumor model, the assessment of tissue seemed to be normal after 21 days of treatment. Conclusion These results are encouraging for further development of non-block polymeric paclitaxel nanoparticles for treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danbo Yang
- Biomedical Engineering and Technology Institute, Institutes for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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18
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Perlmutter JD, Drasler WJ, Xie W, Gao J, Popot JL, Sachs JN. All-atom and coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations of a membrane protein stabilizing polymer. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:10523-10537. [PMID: 21806035 PMCID: PMC3214636 DOI: 10.1021/la202103v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Amphipathic polymers called amphipols (APols) have been developed as an alternative to detergents for stabilizing membrane proteins (MPs) in aqueous solutions. APols provide MPs with a particularly mild environment and, as a rule, keep them in a native functional state for longer periods than do detergents. Amphipol A8-35, a derivative of polyacrylate, is widely used and has been particularly well studied experimentally. In aqueous solutions, A8-35 molecules self-assemble into well-defined globular particles with a mass of ∼40 kDa and a R(g) of ∼2.4 nm. As a first step towards describing MP/A8-35 complexes by molecular dynamics (MD), we present three sets of simulations of the pure APol particle. First, we performed a series of all-atom MD (AAMD) simulations of the particle in solution, starting from an arbitrary initial configuration. Although AAMD simulations result in stable cohesive particles over a 45 ns simulation, the equilibration of the particle organization is limited. This motivated the use of coarse-grained MD (CGMD), allowing us to investigate processes on the microsecond time scale, including de novo particle assembly. We present a detailed description of the parametrization of the CGMD model from the AAMD simulations and a characterization of the resulting CGMD particles. Our third set of simulations utilizes reverse coarse-graining (rCG), through which we obtain all-atom coordinates from a CGMD simulation. This allows a higher-resolution characterization of a configuration determined by a long-timescale simulation. Excellent agreement is observed between MD models and experimental, small-angle neutron scattering data. The MD data provides new insight into the structure and dynamics of A8-35 particles, which is possibly relevant to the stabilizing effects of APols on MPs, as well as a starting point for modeling MP/A8-35 complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason D Perlmutter
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 312 Church Street SE, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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Coarse-grained modeling study of nonpeptide RGD ligand density and PEG molecular weight on the conformation of poly(γ-glutamyl-glutamate) paclitaxel conjugates. J Mol Model 2011; 17:2973-87. [PMID: 21360176 PMCID: PMC3203221 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-011-0989-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2010] [Accepted: 01/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Molecular shape, flexibility, and surface hydrophilicity are thought to influence the ability of nanoparticles to cross biological barriers during drug delivery. In this study, coarse-grained (CG) molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were used to study these properties of a polymer-drug construct in potential clinical development: poly(γ-glutamyl-glutamate)-paclitaxel-poly(ethylene glycol) nonpeptide RGD (PGG-PTX-PEG-npRGD), a linear glutamyl-glutamate polymer with paclitaxel and poly(ethylene glycol)-nonpeptide RGD side groups. It was hypothesized that the PEG molecular weight (MW) (500 Da; 1,000 Da; and 2,000 Da) and nonpeptide RGD ligand density (4, 8, 12, and 16 per molecule), respectively, may have advantageous effects on the shape, flexibility, and surface hydrophilicity of PGG-PTX-PEG-npRGD. Circular dichroism spectroscopy was used to suggest initial structures for the all-atom (AA) models of PGG-PTX-PEG-npRGD, which were further converted to CG models using a commercially available mapping algorithm. Due to its semi-flexibility, PGG-PTX-PEG-npRGD is not limited to one specific conformation. Thus, CG MD simulations were run until statistical equilibrium, at which PGG-PTX-PEG-npRGD is represented as an ensemble of statistically similar conformations. The size of a PGG-PTX-PEG-npRGD molecule is not affected by the PEG MW or the nonpeptide RGD density, but higher PEG MW results in increased surface density of a PGG-PTX-PEG-npRGD molecule. Most PGG-PTX-PEG-npRGD shapes are globular, although filamentous shapes were also observed in the PEG500 and PEG1000 molecules. PEG500 and PEG1000 molecules are more flexible than PEG2000 systems. A higher presence of npRGD ligands results in decrease surface hydrophilicity of PGG-PTX-PEG-npRGD. These results indicate that the PGG-PTX-PEG1000-npRGD4 and PGG-PTX-PEG1000-npRGD8 molecules are the most efficacious candidates and are further recommended for experimental preclinical studies.
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