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Imidazole-amino acids. Conformational switch under tautomer and pH change. Amino Acids 2023; 55:33-49. [PMID: 36319875 PMCID: PMC9877100 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-022-03201-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Replacement of the main chain peptide bond by imidazole ring seems to be a promising tool for the peptide-based drug design, due to the specific prototropic tautomeric as well as amphoteric properties. In this study, we present that both tautomer and pH change can cause a conformational switch of the studied residues of alanine (1-4) and dehydroalanine (5-8) with the C-terminal peptide group replaced by imidazole. The DFT methods are applied and an environment of increasing polarity is simulated. The conformational maps (Ramachandram diagrams) are presented and the stability of possible conformations is discussed. The neutral forms, tautomers τ (1) and π (2), adapt the conformations αRτ (φ, ψ = - 75°, - 114°) and C7eq (φ, ψ = - 75°, 66°), respectively. Their torsion angles ψ differ by about 180°, which results in a considerable impact on the peptide chain conformation. The cation form (3) adapts both these conformations, whereas the anion analogue (4) prefers the conformations C5 (φ, ψ = - 165°, - 178°) and β2 (φ, ψ ~ - 165°, - 3°). Dehydroamino acid analogues, the tautomers τ (5) and π (6) as well as the anion form (8), have a strong tendency toward the conformations β2 (φ, ψ = - 179°, 0°) and C5 (φ, ψ = - 180°, 180°). The preferences of the protonated imidazolium form (7) depend on the environment. The imidazole ring, acting as a donor or acceptor of the hydrogen bonds created within the studied residues, has a profound effect on the type of conformation.
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2
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Staś M, Broda MA, Siodłak D. Thiazole-amino acids: influence of thiazole ring on conformational properties of amino acid residues. Amino Acids 2021; 53:673-686. [PMID: 33837859 PMCID: PMC8128816 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-02974-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational modified thiazole-amino acid (Xaa-Tzl) residues have been found in macrocyclic peptides (e.g., thiopeptides and cyanobactins), which mostly inhibit protein synthesis in Gram + bacteria. Conformational study of the series of model compounds containing this structural motif with alanine, dehydroalanine, dehydrobutyrine and dehydrophenylalanine were performed using DFT method in various environments. The solid-state crystal structure conformations of thiazole-amino acid residues retrieved from the Cambridge Structural Database were also analysed. The studied structural units tend to adopt the unique semi-extended β2 conformation; which is stabilised mainly by N-H⋯NTzl hydrogen bond, and for dehydroamino acids also by π-electron conjugation. The conformational preferences of amino acids with a thiazole ring were compared with oxazole analogues and the role of the sulfur atom in stabilising the conformations of studied peptides was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Staś
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Opole, 45-052, Opole, Poland.
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Science, Flemingovo Náměstí 2, 166 10, Praha 6, Czech Republic.
| | | | - Dawid Siodłak
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Opole, 45-052, Opole, Poland.
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Kubyshkin V. Polarity effects in 4-fluoro- and 4-(trifluoromethyl)prolines. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:1837-1852. [PMID: 32765799 PMCID: PMC7385359 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorine-containing analogues of proline are valuable tools in engineering and NMR spectroscopic studies of peptides and proteins. Their use relies on the fundamental understanding of the interplay between the substituents and the main chain groups of the amino acid residue. This study aims to showcase the polarity-related effects that arise from the interaction between the functional groups in molecular models. Properties such as conformation, acid-base transition, and amide-bond isomerism were examined for diastereomeric 4-fluoroprolines, 4-(trifluoromethyl)prolines, and 1,1-difluoro-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptane-6-carboxylates. The preferred conformation on the proline ring originated from a preferential axial positioning for a single fluorine atom, and an equatorial positioning for a trifluoromethyl- or a difluoromethylene group. This orientation of the substituents explains the observed trends in the pK a values, lipophilicity, and the kinetics of the amide bond rotation. The study also provides a set of evidences that the transition state of the amide-bond rotation in peptidyl-prolyl favors C4-exo conformation of the pyrrolidine ring.
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Zhai L, Otani Y, Ohwada T. Uncovering the Networks of Topological Neighborhoods in β-Strand and Amyloid β-Sheet Structures. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10737. [PMID: 31341215 PMCID: PMC6656768 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47151-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Although multiple hydrophobic, aromatic π–π, and electrostatic interactions are proposed to be involved in amyloid fibril formation, the precise interactions within amyloid structures remain poorly understood. Here, we carried out detailed quantum theory of atoms-in-molecules (QTAIM) analysis to examine the hydrophobic core of amyloid parallel and antiparallel β-sheet structures, and found the presence of multiple inter-strand and intra-strand topological neighborhoods, represented by networks of through-space bond paths. Similar bond paths from side chain to side chain and from side chain to main chain were found in a single β-strand and in di- and tripeptides. Some of these bond-path networks were enhanced upon β-sheet formation. Overall, our results indicate that the cumulative network of weak interactions, including various types of hydrogen bonding (X-H—Y; X, Y = H, C, O, N, S), as well as non-H-non-H bond paths, is characteristic of amyloid β-sheet structure. The present study postulated that the presence of multiple through-space bond-paths, which are local and directional, can coincide with the attractive proximity effect in forming peptide assemblies. This is consistent with a new view of the van der Waals (vdW) interactions, one of the origins of hydrophobic interaction, which is updating to be a directional intermolecular force.
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5
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Park HS, Kang YK. Which DFT levels of theory are appropriate in predicting the prolyl cis–trans isomerization in solution? NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj02946j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
DFTs were assessed for the conformational preferences of the peptides containing Pro and its derivatives in chloroform and water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Sook Park
- Department of Nursing
- Cheju Halla University
- Cheju 63092
- Republic of Korea
| | - Young Kee Kang
- Department of Chemistry
- Chungbuk National University
- Cheongju
- Republic of Korea
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6
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Kubyshkin V, Pridma S, Budisa N. Comparative effects of trifluoromethyl- and methyl-group substitutions in proline. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj02631a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
What is the outcome of trifluoromethyl-/methyl-substitution in each position of the proline ring? Look inside to find out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Kubyshkin
- Biocatalysis Group
- Institute of Chemistry
- Technical University of Berlin
- Berlin 10623
- Germany
| | | | - Nediljko Budisa
- Biocatalysis Group
- Institute of Chemistry
- Technical University of Berlin
- Berlin 10623
- Germany
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7
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Park HS, Kang YK. Effects of isosteric substitutions on the conformational preference and cis–trans isomerization of proline-containing peptides. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj01403a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Isosteric substitutions of the peptide CO group by CS and CSe groups increased thetranspopulation and rotational barrier to the prolylcis–transisomerization of proline-containing peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Sook Park
- Department of Nursing
- Cheju Halla University
- Cheju 63092
- Republic of Korea
| | - Young Kee Kang
- Department of Chemistry and BK21 PLUS Research Team
- Chungbuk National University
- Cheongju
- Republic of Korea
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8
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Kang YK, Yoo IK. Propensities of peptides containing the Asn-Gly segment to form β-turn and β-hairpin structures. Biopolymers 2016; 105:653-64. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.22863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Young Kee Kang
- Department of Chemistry and BK21 PLUS Research Team; Chungbuk National University; Cheongju Chungbuk 28644 Republic of Korea
| | - In Kee Yoo
- Department of Chemistry and BK21 PLUS Research Team; Chungbuk National University; Cheongju Chungbuk 28644 Republic of Korea
- LG Research Park, LG Household & Health Care; Daejeon 34114 Republic of Korea
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10
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Stokowa-Sołtys K, Barbosa NA, Kasprowicz A, Wieczorek R, Gaggelli N, Gaggelli E, Valensin G, Wrzesiński J, Ciesiołka J, Kuliński T, Szczepanik W, Jeżowska-Bojczuk M. Studies of viomycin, an anti-tuberculosis antibiotic: copper(ii) coordination, DNA degradation and the impact on delta ribozyme cleavage activity. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:8645-58. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt00245e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Viomycin is a basic peptide antibiotic, which is among the most effective agents against multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - N. A. Barbosa
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Wrocław
- 50-383 Wrocław
- Poland
| | - A. Kasprowicz
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 61-704 Poznań
- Poland
| | - R. Wieczorek
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Wrocław
- 50-383 Wrocław
- Poland
| | - N. Gaggelli
- Department of Biotechnology
- Chemistry and Pharmacy
- University of Siena Via Aldo Moro
- 2-53100 Siena
- Italy
| | - E. Gaggelli
- Department of Biotechnology
- Chemistry and Pharmacy
- University of Siena Via Aldo Moro
- 2-53100 Siena
- Italy
| | - G. Valensin
- Department of Biotechnology
- Chemistry and Pharmacy
- University of Siena Via Aldo Moro
- 2-53100 Siena
- Italy
| | - J. Wrzesiński
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 61-704 Poznań
- Poland
| | - J. Ciesiołka
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 61-704 Poznań
- Poland
| | - T. Kuliński
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 61-704 Poznań
- Poland
| | - W. Szczepanik
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Wrocław
- 50-383 Wrocław
- Poland
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Abstract
Oligo-γ-peptides based on 2-aminocyclopentylacetic acid (γAc5a) with a cyclopentyl constraint on the Cβ–Cγ bond and homochiral (1S,2S) configurations preferentially adopt the right-handed 14-helix foldamers in the gas phase and in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Kee Kang
- Department of Chemistry and BK21 PLUS Research Team
- Chungbuk National University
- Cheongju
- Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Yun Lee
- Department of Chemistry and BK21 PLUS Research Team
- Chungbuk National University
- Cheongju
- Republic of Korea
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12
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Siodłak D, Staś M, Broda MA, Bujak M, Lis T. Conformational properties of oxazole-amino acids: effect of the intramolecular N-H···N hydrogen bond. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:2340-50. [PMID: 24528177 DOI: 10.1021/jp4121673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Oxazole ring occurs in numerous natural peptides, but conformational properties of the amino acid residue containing the oxazole ring in place of the C-terminal amide bond are poorly recognized. A series of model compounds constituted by the oxazole-amino acids occurring in nature, that is, oxazole-alanine (L-Ala-Ozl), oxazole-dehydroalanine (ΔAla-Ozl), and oxazole-dehydrobutyrine ((Z)-ΔAbu-Ozl), was investigated using theoretical calculations supported by FTIR and NMR spectra and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. It was found that the main feature of the studied oxazole-amino acids is the stable conformation β2 with the torsion angles φ and ψ of -150°, -10° for L-Ala-Ozl, -180°, 0° for ΔAla-Ozl, and -120°, 0° for (Z)-ΔAbu-Ozl, respectively. The conformation β2 is stabilized by the intramolecular N-H···N hydrogen bond and predominates in the low polar environment. In the case of the oxazole-dehydroamino acids, the π-electron conjugation that is spread on the oxazole ring and C(α)═C(β) double bond is an additional stabilizing interaction. The tendency to adopt the conformation β2 clearly decreases with increasing the polarity of environment, but still the oxazole-dehydroamino acids are considered to be more rigid and resistant to conformational changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Siodłak
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Opole , Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland
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13
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Wałęsa R, Broda MA. Solvent effects on the conformational preferences of model peptoids. MP2 study. J Pept Sci 2014; 20:203-11. [PMID: 24520015 DOI: 10.1002/psc.2601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The influence of aqueous environment on the main-chain conformation (ω0 , ϕ, and ψ dihedral angles) of two model peptoids: N-acetyl-N-methylglycine N'-methylamide (Ac-N(Me)-Gly-NHMe) (1) and N-acetyl-N-methylglycine N',N'-dimethylamide (Ac-N(Me)-Gly-NMe₂) (2) was investigated by MP2/6-311++G(d,p) method. The Ramachandran maps of both studied molecules with cis and trans configuration of the N-terminal amide bond in the gas phase and in water environment were obtained and all energy minima localized. The polarizable continuum model was applied to estimate the solvation effect on conformation. Energy minima of the Ac-N(Me)-Gly-NHMe and Ac-N(Me)-Gly-NMe₂ have been analyzed in terms of the possible hydrogen bonds and C = O dipole attraction. To validate the theoretical results obtained, conformations of the similar structures gathered in the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre were analyzed. Obtained results indicate that aqueous environment in model peptoids 1 and 2 favors the conformation F (ϕ and ψ = -70º, 180º), and additionally significantly increases the percentage of structures with cis configuration of N-terminal amide bond in studied compounds.
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14
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Lee JY, Chae CH, Kang YK. Helix foldamers of γ-peptides based on 2-aminocyclohexylacetic acid: a computational study. NEW J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3nj01217d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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15
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Kang YK, Park HS. Conformational preferences of the 2-methylproline residue and its role in stabilizing β-turn and polyproline II structures of peptides. NEW J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4nj00072b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Siodłak D, Bujak M, Staś M. Intra- and intermolecular forces dependent main chain conformations of esters of α,β-dehydroamino acids. J Mol Struct 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2013.04.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Saha I, Shamala N. Investigating proline puckering states in diproline segments in proteins. Biopolymers 2013; 99:605-10. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.22224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Revised: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Indranil Saha
- Department of Physics; Indian Institute of Science; Bangalore; 560012; Karnataka; India
| | - Narayanaswamy Shamala
- Department of Physics; Indian Institute of Science; Bangalore; 560012; Karnataka; India
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18
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Teklebrhan RB, Owens NW, Xidos JD, Schreckenbach G, Wetmore SD, Schweizer F. Conformational Preference of Fused Carbohydrate-Templated Proline Analogues—A Computational Study. J Phys Chem B 2012; 117:199-205. [DOI: 10.1021/jp310690c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robel B. Teklebrhan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2,
Canada
| | - Neil W. Owens
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2,
Canada
| | - James D. Xidos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2,
Canada
| | - Georg Schreckenbach
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2,
Canada
| | - Stacey D. Wetmore
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Frank Schweizer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2,
Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3A 1R9, Canada
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20
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Kang YK, Byun BJ. Strength of CH···π interactions in the C-terminal subdomain of villin headpiece. Biopolymers 2012; 97:778-88. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.22062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Park HS, Byun BJ, Motooka D, Kawahara K, Doi M, Nakazawa T, Kobayashi Y, Kang YK. Conformational preferences of 4-chloroproline residues. Biopolymers 2012; 97:629-41. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.22054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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22
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Feytens D, Chaume G, Chassaing G, Lavielle S, Brigaud T, Byun BJ, Kang YK, Miclet E. Local Control of the Cis–Trans Isomerization and Backbone Dihedral Angles in Peptides Using Trifluoromethylated Pseudoprolines. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:4069-79. [DOI: 10.1021/jp300284u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Debby Feytens
- Laboratoire des BioMolécules, UPMC Paris 06, 4, Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
- Laboratoire des BioMolécules, Departement de Chimie, Ecole Normale Superieure, 24, rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
- UMR 7203, FR 2569, 4, Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Grégory Chaume
- Laboratoire SOSCO, Université de Cergy-Pontoise, EA 4505, 5 mail Gay Lussac, 95000 Cergy-Pontoise, France
| | - Gérard Chassaing
- Laboratoire des BioMolécules, UPMC Paris 06, 4, Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
- Laboratoire des BioMolécules, Departement de Chimie, Ecole Normale Superieure, 24, rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
- UMR 7203, FR 2569, 4, Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Solange Lavielle
- Laboratoire des BioMolécules, UPMC Paris 06, 4, Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
- Laboratoire des BioMolécules, Departement de Chimie, Ecole Normale Superieure, 24, rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
- UMR 7203, FR 2569, 4, Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Thierry Brigaud
- Laboratoire SOSCO, Université de Cergy-Pontoise, EA 4505, 5 mail Gay Lussac, 95000 Cergy-Pontoise, France
| | - Byung Jin Byun
- Department of Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Kee Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Emeric Miclet
- Laboratoire des BioMolécules, UPMC Paris 06, 4, Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
- Laboratoire des BioMolécules, Departement de Chimie, Ecole Normale Superieure, 24, rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
- UMR 7203, FR 2569, 4, Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
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Jeong KH, Byun BJ, Kang YK. Conformational Preferences of Glycerol in the Gas Phase and in Water. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2012. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2012.33.3.917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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24
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Katarzyńska J, Mazur A, Wolf WM, Teat SJ, Jankowski S, Leplawy MT, Zabrocki J. 4-Methylpseudoproline derived from α-methylserine – synthesis and conformational studies. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:6705-16. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob25732g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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