1
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Jiang C, Zhao C, Xu P, Song Q, Tao X, Lin S. Effects of Secondary Structures and pH on the Self-Assembly of Poly(ethylene glycol)- b-polytyrosine. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:5028-5038. [PMID: 38950188 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Different from conventional synthetic polymers, polypeptides exhibit a distinguishing characteristic of adopting specific secondary structures, including random coils, α-helixes, and β-sheets. The conformation determines the rigidity and solubility of polypeptide chains, which further direct the self-assembly and morphology of the nanostructures. We studied the effect of distinct secondary structures on the self-assembly behavior of polytyrosine (PTyr)-derived amphiphilic copolymers. Two block copolymers of enantiopure poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(l-tyrosine) (PEG-b-P(l-Tyr)) and racemic poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(dl-tyrosine) (PEG-b-P(dl-Tyr)) were synthesized through the ring-opening polymerization of l-tyrosine N-thiocarboxyanhydride (l-Tyr-NTA) and dl-tyrosine N-thiocarboxyanhydride (dl-Tyr-NTA), respectively, by using poly(ethylene glycol) amine as the initiator. PEG44-b-P(l-Tyr)10 adopts a β-sheet conformation and self-assembles into rectangular nanosheets in aqueous solutions, while PEG44-b-P(dl-Tyr)9 is primarily in a random coil conformation with a tiny content of β-sheet structures, which self-assembles into sheaf-like nanofibrils. A pH increase results in the ionization of phenolic hydroxyl groups, which decreases the β-sheet content and increases the random coil content of the PTyr segments. Accordingly, PEG44-b-P(l-Tyr)10 and PEG44-b-P(dl-Tyr)9 self-assemble to form slender nanobelts and twisted nanoribbons, respectively, in alkaline aqueous solutions. The secondary structure-driven self-assembly of PTyr-derived copolymers is promising to construct filamentous nanostructures, which have potential for applications in controlled drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Chonghao Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qipeng Song
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xinfeng Tao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Shaoliang Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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2
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Ahmad M, Grayson SM. Understanding zwitterionic ring-expansion polymerization through mass spectrometry. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2024. [PMID: 38556789 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Zwitterionic ring-expansion polymerization (ZREP) is a polymerization method in which a cyclic monomer is converted into a cyclic polymer through a zwitterionic intermediate. In this review, we explored the ZREP of various cyclic polymers and how mass spectrometry assists in identifying the product architectures and understanding their intricate reaction mechanism. For the majority of polymers (from a few thousand to a few million Da) matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry is the most effective mass spectrometry technique to determine the true molecular weight (MW) of the resultant product, but only when the dispersity is low (approximately below 1.2). The key topics covered in this study were the ZREP of cyclic polyesters, cyclic polyamides, and cyclic ethers. In addition, this study also addresses a number of other preliminary topics, including the ZREP of cyclic polycarbonates, cyclic polysiloxanes, and cyclic poly(alkylene phosphates). The purity and efficiency of those syntheses largely depend on the catalyst. Among several catalysts, N-heterocyclic carbenes have exhibited high efficiency in the synthesis of cyclic polyesters and polyamides, whereas tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane [B(C6F5)3] is the most optimal catalyst for cyclic polyether synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahi Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Scott M Grayson
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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3
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Shen X, Rao Y, Wang J, Niu X, Wang Y, Chen W, Liu F, Guo L, Chen H. Biocompatible cationic polypeptoids with antibacterial selectivity depending on hydrophobic carbon chain length. J Mater Chem B 2023. [PMID: 37326556 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb00643c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The overuse of antibiotics has triggered a new infection crisis and natural antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been extensively studied as an alternative to fight microorganisms. Polypeptoids, or polypeptide-biomimetics, offer similar properties to polypeptides and a highly tunable structure that has been synthesized by various methods such as ring opening polymerization (ROP) using N-carboxyanhydride monomers. Simultaneous high antibacterial activity and biocompatibility of a structure by efficient synthesis is desired in the application of those materials. Herein, a series of cationic polypeptoids (PNBs) with variable side chain lengths was obtained by introducing positive charges to the main chain in one step and preserving the backbone structure, namely polypeptoids (PNBM, PNBE, PNBB) with different end groups (methyl (M), ethyl (E), butyl (B)). To address the issue of infection in interventional biomedical implants, we report cost-effective modified polyurethane (PU) films (PU-PNBM, PU-PNBE, PU-PNBB) as physical-biological synergistic antibacterial surfaces that overcome problems such as steric hindrance and the solubility of the materials. Antibacterial selectivity was achieved by regulating the different side chain lengths. When methyl and ethyl were used as hydrophobic side chains, they can only selectively kill Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus. PNBB, the most hydrophobic and with a butyl side chain can kill both Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and inhibit the growth of bacterial biofilms. Effective in both solution and modified substrate, its biocompatibility is not compromised while the antibacterial properties are substantially improved. Furthermore, PU-PNBB films demonstrated their potential in vivo antimicrobial efficiency in a model of S. aureus infection established on mouse skin. The synthesis route and the surface modification strategies are convenient, providing a solution to the problem of poor biocompatibility in antimicrobial surface applications and a strategy for the use of peptide polymers for targeted therapy after specific infections in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiran Shen
- Research School of Polymeric Materials, School of Material Science & Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 202113, P. R. China.
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yu Rao
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jinghong Wang
- Jiangsu Biosurf Biotech Co., Ltd, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
- The SIP Biointerface Engineering Research Institute, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomeng Niu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yichen Wang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Wentao Chen
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Fan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Li Guo
- Research School of Polymeric Materials, School of Material Science & Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 202113, P. R. China.
| | - Hong Chen
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
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4
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Kang L, Wang Q, Zhang L, Zou H, Gao J, Niu K, Jiang N. Recent Experimental Advances in Characterizing the Self-Assembly and Phase Behavior of Polypeptoids. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16114175. [PMID: 37297308 DOI: 10.3390/ma16114175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polypeptoids are a family of synthetic peptidomimetic polymers featuring N-substituted polyglycine backbones with large chemical and structural diversity. Their synthetic accessibility, tunable property/functionality, and biological relevance make polypeptoids a promising platform for molecular biomimicry and various biotechnological applications. To gain insight into the relationship between the chemical structure, self-assembly behavior, and physicochemical properties of polypeptoids, many efforts have been made using thermal analysis, microscopy, scattering, and spectroscopic techniques. In this review, we summarize recent experimental investigations that have focused on the hierarchical self-assembly and phase behavior of polypeptoids in bulk, thin film, and solution states, highlighting the use of advanced characterization tools such as in situ microscopy and scattering techniques. These methods enable researchers to unravel multiscale structural features and assembly processes of polypeptoids over a wide range of length and time scales, thereby providing new insights into the structure-property relationship of these protein-mimetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Kang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qi Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hang Zou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jun Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Kangmin Niu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Naisheng Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
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5
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A Review on the Synthesis of Polypeptoids. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13020280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyeptoids are a promising class of polypeptide mimetic biopolymers based on N-substituted glycine backbones. Because of the high designability of their side chains, polypeptoids have a wide range of applications in surface antifouling, biosensing, drug delivery, and stimuli-responsive materials. To better control the structures and properties of polypeptoids, it is necessary to understand different methods for polypeptoid synthesis. This review paper summarized and discussed the main synthesis methods of polypeptoids: the solid-phase submonomer synthesis method, ring-opening polymerization method and Ugi reaction method.
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6
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Schunk HC, Austin MJ, Taha BZ, McClellan MS, Suggs LJ, Rosales AM. Oxidative Degradation of Sequence-Defined Peptoid Oligomers. MOLECULAR SYSTEMS DESIGN & ENGINEERING 2023; 8:92-104. [PMID: 37123435 PMCID: PMC10147340 DOI: 10.1039/d2me00179a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Due to their N-substitution, peptoids are generally regarded as resistant to biological degradation, such as enzymatic and hydrolytic mechanisms. This stability is an especially attractive feature for therapeutic development and is a selling point of many previous biological studies. However, another key mode of degradation remains to be fully explored, namely oxidative degradation mediated by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS). ROS and RNS are biologically relevant in numerous contexts where biomaterials may be present, thus, improving understanding of peptoid oxidative susceptibility is crucial to exploit their full potential in the biomaterials field, where an oxidatively-labile but enzymatically stable molecule can offer attractive properties. Toward this end, we demonstrate a fundamental characterization of sequence-defined peptoid chains in the presence of chemically generated ROS, as compared to ROS-susceptible peptides such as proline and lysine oligomers. Lysine oligomers showed the fastest degradation rates to ROS and the enzyme trypsin. Peptoids degraded in metal catalyzed oxidation conditions at rates on par with poly(prolines), while maintaining resistance to enzymatic degradation. Furthermore, lysine-containing peptide-peptoid hybrid molecules showed tunability in both ROS-mediated and enzyme-mediated degradation, with rates intermediate to lysine and peptoid oligomers. When lysine-mimetic side-chains were incorporated into a peptoid backbone, the rate of degradation matched that of the lysine peptide oligomers, but remained resistant to enzymatic degradation. These results expand understanding of peptoid degradation to oxidative and enzymatic mechanisms, and demonstrate the potential for peptoid incorporation into materials where selectivity towards oxidative degradation is necessary, or directed enzymatic susceptibility is desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hattie C. Schunk
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Mariah J. Austin
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Bradley Z. Taha
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Matthew S. McClellan
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Laura J. Suggs
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Adrianne M. Rosales
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States
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7
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Ma A, Yu X, Liao M, Liu W, Xuan S, Zhang Z. Research Progress in Polypeptoids Prepared by Controlled Ring-Opening Polymerizations. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2200301. [PMID: 35748135 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Polypeptoids, structural mimics of polypeptides, have attracted considerable attention due to their biocompatibility, proteolytic stability, thermal processability, good solubility, synthetic accessibility, and structural diversity. Polypeptoids have emerged as an interesting material in both polymer science and biological field. This review primarily discusses the research progress of polypeptoids prepared by controlled ring-opening polymerizations in the past decade, including synthetic strategies of monomers, polymerizations by different initiators, postfunctionalization, fundamental properties, crystallization-driven self-assembly, and potential biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anyao Ma
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xinyan Yu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Mingzhen Liao
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Wenxiao Liu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Sunting Xuan
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhengbiao Zhang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.,State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
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8
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Tsai E, Gallage Dona HK, Tong X, Du P, Novak B, David R, Rick SW, Zhang D, Kumar R. Unraveling the Role of Charge Patterning in the Micellar Structure of Sequence-Defined Amphiphilic Peptoid Oligomers by Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Macromolecules 2022; 55:5197-5212. [PMID: 35784657 PMCID: PMC9245439 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Electrostatic interactions
play a significant role in regulating
biological systems and have received increasing attention due to their
usefulness in designing advanced stimulus-responsive materials. Polypeptoids
are highly tunable N-substituted peptidomimetic polymers that lack
backbone hydrogen bonding and chirality. Therefore, polypeptoids are
suitable systems to study the effect of noncovalent interactions of
substituents without complications of backbone intramolecular and
intermolecular hydrogen bonding. In this study, all-atom molecular
dynamics (MD) simulations were performed on micelles formed by a series
of sequence-defined ionic polypeptoid block copolymers consisting
of a hydrophobic segment and a hydrophilic segment in an aqueous solution.
By combining the results from MD simulations and experimental small-angle
neutron scattering data, further insights were gained into the internal
structure of the formed polypeptoid micelles, which is not always
directly accessible from experiments. In addition, information was
gained into the physics of the noncovalent interactions responsible
for the self-assembly of weakly charged polypeptoids in an aqueous
solution. While the aggregation number is governed by electrostatic
repulsion of the negatively charged carboxylate (COO–) substituents on the polypeptoid chain within the micelle, MD simulations
indicate that the position of the charge on singly charged chains
mediates the shape of the micelle through the charge–dipole
interactions between the COO– substituent and the
surrounding water. Therefore, the polypeptoid micelles formed from
the single-charged series offer the possibility for tailorable micelle
shapes. In contrast, the polypeptoid micelles formed from the triple-charged
series are characterized by more pronounced electrostatic repulsion
that competes with more significant charge–sodium interactions,
making it difficult to predict the shape of the micelles. This work
has helped further develop design principles for the shape and structure
of self-assembled micelles by controlling the position of charged
moieties on the backbone of polypeptoid block copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Tsai
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | | | - Xinjie Tong
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Pu Du
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Brian Novak
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Rolf David
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Steven W. Rick
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana 70148, United States
| | - Donghui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Revati Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
- Center for Computation and Technology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
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9
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Chen K, Wu Y, Wu X, Zhou M, Zhou R, Wang J, Xiao X, Yuan Y, Liu R. Facile synthesis of polypeptoids bearing bulky sidechains via urea accelerated ring-opening polymerization of α-amino acid N-substituted N-carboxyanhydrides. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01324f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The organocatalyst 1,3-bis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea (U–O) accelerates the ring-opening polymerization of α-amino acid N-substituted N-carboxyanhydrides (NNCAs) for the rapid synthesis of polypeptoids bearing bulky sidechains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yueming Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xue Wu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ruiyi Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jiangzhou Wang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ximian Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Runhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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10
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Salas-Ambrosio P, Tronnet A, Badreldin M, Ji S, Lecommandoux S, Harrisson S, Verhaeghe P, Bonduelle C. Effect of N-alkylation in N-carboxyanhydride (NCA) ring-opening polymerization kinetics. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00985d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
N-carboxyanhydrides ring-opening polymerization (ROP) showed that electron-donating groups of the N-alkylation enhanced the ROP kinetic rates through an inductive effect that could counterbalance the steric hindrance during the propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antoine Tronnet
- LCC-CNRS, UPR8241, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Mostafa Badreldin
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, F-33600, Pessac, France
| | - Sifan Ji
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, F-33600, Pessac, France
| | | | - Simon Harrisson
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, F-33600, Pessac, France
| | - Pierre Verhaeghe
- LCC-CNRS, UPR8241, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
- CHU de Nîmes, service de Pharmacie, Nîmes, France
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DPM UMR 5063, F-38041, Grenoble, France
| | - Colin Bonduelle
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, F-33600, Pessac, France
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11
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Jiang N, Zhang D. Solution Self-Assembly of Coil-Crystalline Diblock Copolypeptoids Bearing Alkyl Side Chains. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3131. [PMID: 34578031 PMCID: PMC8473287 DOI: 10.3390/polym13183131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Polypeptoids, a class of synthetic peptidomimetic polymers, have attracted increasing attention due to their potential for biotechnological applications, such as drug/gene delivery, sensing and molecular recognition. Recent investigations on the solution self-assembly of amphiphilic block copolypeptoids highlighted their capability to form a variety of nanostructures with tailorable morphologies and functionalities. Here, we review our recent findings on the solutions self-assembly of coil-crystalline diblock copolypeptoids bearing alkyl side chains. We highlight the solution self-assembly pathways of these polypeptoid block copolymers and show how molecular packing and crystallization of these building blocks affect the self-assembly behavior, resulting in one-dimensional (1D), two-dimensional (2D) and multidimensional hierarchical polymeric nanostructures in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naisheng Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Donghui Zhang
- Macromolecular Studies Group, Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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12
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Self-Assembled Membrane-like Nanomaterials from Sequence-Defined Peptoid Block Copolymers. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13152389. [PMID: 34371992 PMCID: PMC8346955 DOI: 10.3390/polym13152389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sequentially defined membrane-like nanomaterials have potential applications in biomedical and chemical fields due to their unique physical and chemical properties. However, these natural and synthetic nanomaterials have not been widely developed due to their complicated molecular sequence and structure, difficulties in synthesis etc. Here, we report a stable membrane-like nanomaterial composed of a monolayer or bilayer that was self-assembled from sequence-defined amphiphilic peptoid triblock (poly(N-aminoethyl glycine)-b-poly(N-octyl glycine)-b-poly(N-carboxyethyl glycine)) and diblock (poly(N-carboxyethyl glycine)-b-poly(N-octyl glycine) and poly(N-aminoethyl glycine)-b-poly(N-octyl glycine)) copolymers separately. A series of peptoid block copolymers were synthesized, and it was observed that long alkyl side chains and abundant hydrophobic blocks were necessary to form the membranes. The prepared membrane-like nanomaterials were fairly stable. They did not change obviously in shape and size with time, and they can survive after sonication. This study is expected to enrich the nanomaterial family, as well as polypeptoid science, and expand their applications in biomedicine and other fields.
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13
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Babi J, Zhu L, Lin A, Uva A, El‐Haddad H, Peloewetse A, Tran H. Self‐assembled free‐floating
nanomaterials from
sequence‐defined
polymers. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jon Babi
- Department of Chemistry University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Linglan Zhu
- Department of Chemistry University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Angela Lin
- Department of Chemistry University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Azalea Uva
- Department of Chemistry University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Hana El‐Haddad
- Department of Chemistry University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Atang Peloewetse
- Department of Chemistry University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Helen Tran
- Department of Chemistry University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
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14
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Fang R, Pi J, Wei T, Ali A, Guo L. Stimulus-Responsive Polymers Based on Polypeptoid Skeletons. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2089. [PMID: 34202869 PMCID: PMC8271857 DOI: 10.3390/polym13132089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polypeptoids have attracted a lot of atteSDntion because of their unique structural characteristics and special properties. Polypeptoids have the same main chain structures to polypeptides, making them have low cytotoxicity and excellent biocompatibility. Polypeptoids can also respond to external environmental changes by modifying the configurations of the side chains. The external stimuli can be heat, pH, ions, ultraviolet/visible light and active oxygen or their combinations. This review paper discussed the recent research progress in the field of stimulus-responsive polypeptoids, including the design of new stimulus-responsive polypeptoid structures, controlled actuation factors in response to external stimuli and the application of responsive polypeptoid biomaterials in various biomedical and biological nanotechnology, such as drug delivery, tissue engineering and biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Amjad Ali
- Research School of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (R.F.); (J.P.); (T.W.)
| | - Li Guo
- Research School of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (R.F.); (J.P.); (T.W.)
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15
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Barrett BN, Sternhagen GL, Zhang D. Controlled ring-opening polymerization of N-(3- tert-butoxy-3-oxopropyl) glycine derived N-carboxyanhydrides towards well-defined peptoid-based polyacids. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01395a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Polypeptoids bearing carboxylic acid groups on the N-substituent are useful building blocks for the construction of peptidomimetic supramolecular assemblies with stimuli-responsive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailee N. Barrett
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular Studies Group
- Louisiana State University
- Baton Rouge
- USA
| | - Garrett L. Sternhagen
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular Studies Group
- Louisiana State University
- Baton Rouge
- USA
| | - Donghui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular Studies Group
- Louisiana State University
- Baton Rouge
- USA
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16
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Li Z, Fu X, Huang S, Sun J, Li Z. Oligo(β-peptoid)s with Backbone Chirality from Aspartic Acid Derivatives: Synthesis and Property Investigation. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:33125-33132. [PMID: 33403274 PMCID: PMC7774267 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Poly(β-peptoid)s (N-substituted poly-β-alanines) are an intriguing class of pseudopeptidic materials for biomedical applications, but the polymers prepared by solution polymerization have restricted diversity and functionality due to synthetic difficulty. Synthesis of structurally diverse poly(β-peptoid)s is highly desirable yet challenging. Herein, we report a new approach to synthesize skeletal chiral β-peptoid polymers from readily available aspartic acid derivatives. Two types of N-substituted β3-homoalanine monomers, i.e., N-(methyl propionate)-Asp-OMe ( N MeP-Asp-OMe) and N-(tert-butyl propionate)-Asp-OMe ( N tBuP-Asp-OMe), were synthesized in high yield via an aza-Michael addition reaction between l-aspartic acid-1-methyl ester (l-Asp-OMe) and acrylate species. Both N-substituted β3-homoalanines can be readily converted into polymerizable N-substituted β3-homoalanine N-carboxyanhydrides (β-NNCAs). Subsequent ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of these β-NNCA monomers provides access to oligo(β-peptoid)s and mPEG-poly(β-peptoid) diblocks with backbone chirality. Their conformations were preliminarily studied by circular dichroism (CD) spectra and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The synthetic strategy would significantly facilitate the development of novel poly(β-peptoid)s with well-defined and diverse structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- Key
Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education
Department, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Xiaohui Fu
- Key
Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education
Department, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Saixi Huang
- Key
Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education
Department, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Key
Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education
Department, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Zhibo Li
- Key
Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education
Department, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
- College
of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University
of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
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17
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Morton LD, Hillsley A, Austin MJ, Rosales AM. Tuning hydrogel properties with sequence-defined, non-natural peptoid crosslinkers. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:6925-6933. [PMID: 32436556 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00683a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The native extracellular matrix (ECM) is composed of hierarchically structured biopolymers containing precise monomer sequences and chain shapes to yield bioactivity. Recapitulating this structure in synthetic hydrogels is of particular interest for tissue engineering and in vitro disease models to accurately mimic biological microenvironments. However, despite extensive research on hydrogels, it remains a challenge to recapitulate the hierarchical structure of native ECM with completely synthetic hydrogel platforms. Toward this end, this work presents a synthetic hydrogel system using commercially available poly(ethylene glycol) macromers with sequence-defined poly(N-substituted glycines) (peptoids) as crosslinkers. We demonstrate that bulk hydrogel mechanics, specifically as shear storage modulus, can be controlled by altering peptoid sequence and structure. Notably, the helical peptoid sequence investigated here increases the storage modulus of the resulting hydrogels with increasing helical content and chain length, in a fashion similar to helical peptide-crosslinked hydrogels. In addition, the resulting hydrogels are shown to be hydrolytically and enzymatically stable due to the N-substituted peptidomimetic backbone of the crosslinkers. We further demonstrate the potential utility of these peptoid-crosslinked hydrogels as a viable cell culture platform using seeded human dermal fibroblasts in comparison to peptide-crosslinked hydrogels as a control. Taken together, our system offers a strategy toward ECM mimics that replicate the hierarchy of biological matrices with completely synthetic, sequence-defined molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan D Morton
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
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18
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Tao X, Zheng B, Bai T, Li MH, Ling J. Polymerization of N-Substituted Glycine N-Thiocarboxyanhydride through Regioselective Initiation of Cysteamine: A Direct Way toward Thiol-Capped Polypeptoids. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinfeng Tao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- PSL Université Paris, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, UMR8247, Chimie ParisTech, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Botuo Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Tianwen Bai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Min-Hui Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- PSL Université Paris, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, UMR8247, Chimie ParisTech, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Chaoyang District, 100029 Beijing, China
| | - Jun Ling
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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19
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20
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Chan BA, Xuan S, Li A, Simpson JM, Sternhagen GL, Yu T, Darvish OA, Jiang N, Zhang D. Polypeptoid polymers: Synthesis, characterization, and properties. Biopolymers 2017; 109. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.23070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon A. Chan
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular Studies GroupLouisiana State UniversityBaton Rouge70803Los Angeles
| | - Sunting Xuan
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular Studies GroupLouisiana State UniversityBaton Rouge70803Los Angeles
| | - Ang Li
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular Studies GroupLouisiana State UniversityBaton Rouge70803Los Angeles
| | - Jessica M. Simpson
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular Studies GroupLouisiana State UniversityBaton Rouge70803Los Angeles
| | - Garrett L. Sternhagen
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular Studies GroupLouisiana State UniversityBaton Rouge70803Los Angeles
| | - Tianyi Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular Studies GroupLouisiana State UniversityBaton Rouge70803Los Angeles
| | - Omead A. Darvish
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular Studies GroupLouisiana State UniversityBaton Rouge70803Los Angeles
| | - Naisheng Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular Studies GroupLouisiana State UniversityBaton Rouge70803Los Angeles
| | - Donghui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular Studies GroupLouisiana State UniversityBaton Rouge70803Los Angeles
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21
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Tao X, Zheng B, Bai T, Zhu B, Ling J. Hydroxyl Group Tolerated Polymerization of N-Substituted Glycine N-Thiocarboxyanhydride Mediated by Aminoalcohols: A Simple Way to α-Hydroxyl-ω-aminotelechelic Polypeptoids. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinfeng Tao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular
Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and
Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Botuo Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular
Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and
Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Tianwen Bai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular
Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and
Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Baoku Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular
Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and
Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jun Ling
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular
Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and
Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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22
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Lin B, Waymouth RM. Urea Anions: Simple, Fast, and Selective Catalysts for Ring-Opening Polymerizations. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:1645-1652. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b11864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Binhong Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Robert M. Waymouth
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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23
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Du P, Li A, Li X, Zhang Y, Do C, He L, Rick SW, John VT, Kumar R, Zhang D. Aggregation of cyclic polypeptoids bearing zwitterionic end-groups with attractive dipole–dipole and solvophobic interactions: a study by small-angle neutron scattering and molecular dynamics simulation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:14388-14400. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp01602f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aggregation behavior of cyclic polypeptoids has been studied using experiments and simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Du
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular Studies Group
- Louisiana State University
- Baton Rouge
- USA
| | - Ang Li
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular Studies Group
- Louisiana State University
- Baton Rouge
- USA
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular Studies Group
- Louisiana State University
- Baton Rouge
- USA
| | - Yueheng Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- Tulane University
- New Orleans
- USA
| | - Changwoo Do
- Biology and Soft Matter Division
- Neutron Sciences Directorate
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory
- Oak Ridge
- USA
| | - Lilin He
- Biology and Soft Matter Division
- Neutron Sciences Directorate
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory
- Oak Ridge
- USA
| | - Steven W. Rick
- Department of Chemistry
- University of New Orleans
- New Orleans
- USA
| | - Vijay T. John
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- Tulane University
- New Orleans
- USA
| | - Revati Kumar
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular Studies Group
- Louisiana State University
- Baton Rouge
- USA
| | - Donghui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular Studies Group
- Louisiana State University
- Baton Rouge
- USA
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24
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Ma J, Xuan S, Guerin AC, Yu T, Zhang D, Kuroda DG. Unusual molecular mechanism behind the thermal response of polypeptoids in aqueous solutions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:10878-10888. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp08536a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanism behind the thermal response of the aqueous solutions of two identical polypeptoids with different architecture was studied. It was found the thermal response is initiated by a conformational change of the polymer backbone irrespective of the architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Ma
- Department of Chemistry
- Louisiana State University
- Baton Rouge
- USA
| | - Sunting Xuan
- Department of Chemistry
- Louisiana State University
- Baton Rouge
- USA
| | - Abby C. Guerin
- Department of Chemistry
- Louisiana State University
- Baton Rouge
- USA
| | - Tianyi Yu
- Department of Chemistry
- Louisiana State University
- Baton Rouge
- USA
| | - Donghui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- Louisiana State University
- Baton Rouge
- USA
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25
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Tao X, Zheng B, Kricheldorf HR, Ling J. AreN-substituted glycineN-thiocarboxyanhydride monomers really hard to polymerize? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinfeng Tao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Botuo Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Hans R. Kricheldorf
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie; Bundestrase 45 Hamburg D-20146 Germany
| | - Jun Ling
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
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26
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Chan BA, Xuan S, Horton M, Zhang D. 1,1,3,3-Tetramethylguanidine-Promoted Ring-Opening Polymerization of N-Butyl N-Carboxyanhydride Using Alcohol Initiators. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon A. Chan
- Department of Chemistry and
Macromolecular Studies Group, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Sunting Xuan
- Department of Chemistry and
Macromolecular Studies Group, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Matthew Horton
- Department of Chemistry and
Macromolecular Studies Group, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Donghui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and
Macromolecular Studies Group, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
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27
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Li A, Zhang D. Synthesis and Characterization of Cleavable Core-Cross-Linked Micelles Based on Amphiphilic Block Copolypeptoids as Smart Drug Carriers. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:852-61. [PMID: 26866458 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b01561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Amphiphilic block copolypeptoids consisting of a hydrophilic poly(N-ethyl glycine) segment and a hydrophobic poly[(N-propargyl glycine)-r-(N-decyl glycine)] random copolymer segment [PNEG-b-P(NPgG-r-NDG), EPgD] have been synthesized by sequential primary amine-initiated ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of the corresponding N-alkyl N-carboxyanhydride monomers. The block copolypeptoids form micelles in water and the micellar core can be cross-linked with a disulfide-containing diazide cross-linker by copper-mediated alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) in aqueous solution. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis revealed the formation of spherical micelles with uniform size for both the core-cross-linked micelles (CCLMs) and non-cross-linked micelles (NCLMs) precursors for selective block copolypeptoid polymers. The CCLMs exhibited increased dimensional stability relative to the NCLMs in DMF, a nonselective solvent for the core and corona segments. Micellar dissociation of CCLMs can be induced upon addition of a reducing agent (e.g., dithiothreitol) in dilute aqueous solutions, as verified by a combination of fluorescence spectroscopy, size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and (1)H NMR spectroscopic measurement. Doxorubicin (DOX), an anticancer drug, can be loaded into the hydrophobic core of CCLMs with a maximal 23% drug loading capacity (DLC) and 37% drug loading efficiency (DLE). In vitro DOX release from the CCLMs can be triggered by DTT (10 mM), in contrast to significantly reduced DOX release in the absence of DTT, attesting to the reductively responsive characteristic of the CCLMs. While the CCLMs exhibited minimal cytotoxicity toward HepG2 cancer cells, DOX-loaded CCLMs inhibited the proliferation of the HepG2 cancer cells in a concentration and time dependent manner, suggesting the controlled release of DOX from the DOX-loaded CCLMS in the cellular environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Li
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular Studies Group, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Donghui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular Studies Group, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
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28
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Li A, Lu L, Li X, He L, Do C, Garno JC, Zhang D. Amidine-Mediated Zwitterionic Ring-Opening Polymerization of N-Alkyl N-Carboxyanhydride: Mechanism, Kinetics, and Architecture Elucidation. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ang Li
- Department
of Chemistry and Macromolecular Studies Group, Louisiana State University, Baton
Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Lu Lu
- Department
of Chemistry and Macromolecular Studies Group, Louisiana State University, Baton
Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Xin Li
- Department
of Chemistry and Macromolecular Studies Group, Louisiana State University, Baton
Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - LiLin He
- Biology
and Soft Matter Division, Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Changwoo Do
- Biology
and Soft Matter Division, Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Jayne C. Garno
- Department
of Chemistry and Macromolecular Studies Group, Louisiana State University, Baton
Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Donghui Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry and Macromolecular Studies Group, Louisiana State University, Baton
Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
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29
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Gangloff N, Ulbricht J, Lorson T, Schlaad H, Luxenhofer R. Peptoids and Polypeptoids at the Frontier of Supra- and Macromolecular Engineering. Chem Rev 2015; 116:1753-802. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Gangloff
- Functional Polymer
Materials, Chair for Chemical Technology of Materials Synthesis, University of Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Juliane Ulbricht
- Functional Polymer
Materials, Chair for Chemical Technology of Materials Synthesis, University of Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Lorson
- Functional Polymer
Materials, Chair for Chemical Technology of Materials Synthesis, University of Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Helmut Schlaad
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Robert Luxenhofer
- Functional Polymer
Materials, Chair for Chemical Technology of Materials Synthesis, University of Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
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30
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Liu J, Ling J. DFT Study on Amine-Mediated Ring-Opening Mechanism of α-Amino Acid N-Carboxyanhydride and N-Substituted Glycine N-Carboxyanhydride: Secondary Amine versus Primary Amine. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:7070-4. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b04654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory
of Macromolecular
Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and
Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jun Ling
- MOE Key Laboratory
of Macromolecular
Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and
Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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31
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Secker C, Brosnan SM, Luxenhofer R, Schlaad H. Poly(α-Peptoid)s Revisited: Synthesis, Properties, and Use as Biomaterial. Macromol Biosci 2015; 15:881-91. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201500023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Secker
- Department of Colloid Chemistry; Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces; Research Campus Golm 14424 Potsdam Germany
| | - Sarah M. Brosnan
- Department of Colloid Chemistry; Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces; Research Campus Golm 14424 Potsdam Germany
| | - Robert Luxenhofer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy; Chair of Chemical Technology of Materials Synthesis; University of Würzburg; Röntgenring 11 97070 Würzburg Germany
| | - Helmut Schlaad
- Institute of Chemistry; University of Potsdam; Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25 14476 Potsdam Germany
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32
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Crisma M, De Zotti M, Formaggio F, Peggion C, Moretto A, Toniolo C. Handedness preference and switching of peptide helices. Part II: Helices based on noncodedα-amino acids. J Pept Sci 2015; 21:148-77. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.2743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marta De Zotti
- Department of Chemistry; University of Padova; Padova Italy
| | - Fernando Formaggio
- ICB; Padova Unit; CNR Padova Italy
- Department of Chemistry; University of Padova; Padova Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Moretto
- ICB; Padova Unit; CNR Padova Italy
- Department of Chemistry; University of Padova; Padova Italy
| | - Claudio Toniolo
- ICB; Padova Unit; CNR Padova Italy
- Department of Chemistry; University of Padova; Padova Italy
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33
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Cui S, Wang X, Li Z, Zhang Q, Wu W, Liu J, Wu H, Chen C, Guo K. One-Pot Glovebox-Free Synthesis, Characterization, and Self-Assembly of Novel Amphiphilic Poly(Sarcosine-b-Caprolactone) Diblock Copolymers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2014; 35:1954-9. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201400348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saide Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering; College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering; Nanjing Tech University; 30 Puzhu Rd South Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering; College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering; Nanjing Tech University; 30 Puzhu Rd South Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Zhenjiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering; College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering; Nanjing Tech University; 30 Puzhu Rd South Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Qiguo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering; College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering; Nanjing Tech University; 30 Puzhu Rd South Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Wenzhuo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering; College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering; Nanjing Tech University; 30 Puzhu Rd South Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering; College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering; Nanjing Tech University; 30 Puzhu Rd South Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Hao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering; College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering; Nanjing Tech University; 30 Puzhu Rd South Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Cheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering; College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering; Nanjing Tech University; 30 Puzhu Rd South Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Kai Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering; College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering; Nanjing Tech University; 30 Puzhu Rd South Nanjing 211816 China
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34
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Lee CU, Li A, Ghale K, Zhang D. Crystallization and Melting Behaviors of Cyclic and Linear Polypeptoids with Alkyl Side Chains. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma401067f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Uk Lee
- Department of Chemistry and
Macromolecular Studies Group, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Ang Li
- Department of Chemistry and
Macromolecular Studies Group, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Kushal Ghale
- Department of Chemistry and
Macromolecular Studies Group, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Donghui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and
Macromolecular Studies Group, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
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35
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Taylor L, Chen X, Ayres N. Synthesis of a glycosaminoglycan polymer mimetic using an N
-alkyl-N
,N
-linked urea oligomer containing glucose pendant groups. POLYM INT 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.4567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leeanne Taylor
- University of Cincinnati; Department of Chemistry; 301 Clifton Court, PO Box 210172 Cincinnati OH 45221 USA
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- University of Cincinnati; Department of Chemistry; 301 Clifton Court, PO Box 210172 Cincinnati OH 45221 USA
| | - Neil Ayres
- University of Cincinnati; Department of Chemistry; 301 Clifton Court, PO Box 210172 Cincinnati OH 45221 USA
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36
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Sun J, Zuckermann RN. Peptoid polymers: a highly designable bioinspired material. ACS NANO 2013; 7:4715-32. [PMID: 23721608 DOI: 10.1021/nn4015714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Bioinspired polymeric materials are attracting increasing attention due to significant advantages over their natural counterparts: the ability to precisely tune their structures over a broad range of chemical and physical properties, increased stability, and improved processability. Polypeptoids, a promising class of bioinspired polymer based on a N-substituted glycine backbone, have a number of unique properties that bridge the material gap between proteins and bulk polymers. Peptoids combine the sequence specificity of biopolymers with the simpler intra/intermolecular interactions and robustness of traditional synthetic polymers. They are highly designable because hundreds of chemically diverse side chains can be introduced from simple building blocks. Peptoid polymers can be prepared by two distinct synthetic techniques offering access to two material subclasses: (1) automated solid-phase synthesis which enables precision sequence control and near absolute monodispersity up to chain lengths of ~50 monomers, and (2) a classical polymerization approach which allows access to higher molecular weights and larger-scale yields, but with less control over length and sequence. This combination of facile synthetic approaches makes polypeptoids a highly tunable, rapid polymer prototyping platform to investigate new materials that are intermediate between proteins and bulk polymers, in both their structure and their properties. In this paper, we review the methods to synthesize peptoid polymers and their applications in biomedicine and nanoscience, as both sequence-specific materials and as bulk polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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37
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Schneider M, Fetsch C, Amin I, Jordan R, Luxenhofer R. Polypeptoid brushes by surface-initiated polymerization of N-substituted glycine N-carboxyanhydrides. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:6983-8. [PMID: 23663172 PMCID: PMC3932499 DOI: 10.1021/la4009174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Polypeptoid brushes were synthesized by surface-initiated polymerization of N-substituted glycine N-carboxyanhydrides on self-assembled amine monolayers. Using the presented grafting-from approach, polypeptoid brush thicknesses of approximately 40 nm could be obtained as compared to previously reported brush thicknesses of 4 nm. Moreover, hydrophilic, hydrophobic and amphiphilic polymer brushes were realized which are expected to have valuable applications as nonfouling surfaces and as model or references systems for surface grafted polypeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Schneider
- Professur für Makromolekulare Chemie, Department Chemie, TU Dresden, Zellescher Weg 19, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Corinna Fetsch
- Professur für Makromolekulare Chemie, Department Chemie, TU Dresden, Zellescher Weg 19, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Functional Polymer Materials, Chair for Chemical Technology of Materials Synthesis, University Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ihsan Amin
- Professur für Makromolekulare Chemie, Department Chemie, TU Dresden, Zellescher Weg 19, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Rainer Jordan
- Professur für Makromolekulare Chemie, Department Chemie, TU Dresden, Zellescher Weg 19, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Robert Luxenhofer
- Professur für Makromolekulare Chemie, Department Chemie, TU Dresden, Zellescher Weg 19, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Functional Polymer Materials, Chair for Chemical Technology of Materials Synthesis, University Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
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38
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Luxenhofer R, Fetsch C, Grossmann A. Polypeptoids: A perfect match for molecular definition and macromolecular engineering? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Luxenhofer
- Functional Polymer Materials; Chair of Chemical Technology of Materials Synthesis; Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Julius-Maximilian, University of Würzburg; 97070 Würzburg Germany
| | - Corinna Fetsch
- Functional Polymer Materials; Chair of Chemical Technology of Materials Synthesis; Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Julius-Maximilian, University of Würzburg; 97070 Würzburg Germany
| | - Arlett Grossmann
- Professur für Makromolekulare Chemie; Department Chemie; Technische Universität Dresden; 01062 Dresden Germany
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39
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40
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Fèvre M, Pinaud J, Gnanou Y, Vignolle J, Taton D. N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) as organocatalysts and structural components in metal-free polymer synthesis. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:2142-72. [PMID: 23288304 DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35383k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 399] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The chemistry of N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) has witnessed tremendous development in the past two decades: NHCs have not only become versatile ligands for transition metals, but have also emerged as powerful organic catalysts in molecular chemistry and, more recently, in metal-free polymer synthesis. To understand the success of NHCs, this review first presents the electronic properties of NHCs, their main synthetic methods, their handling, and their reactivity. Their ability to activate key functional groups (e.g. aldehydes, esters, heterocycles, silyl ketene acetals, alcohols) is then discussed in the context of molecular chemistry. Focus has been placed on the activation of substrates finding analogies with monomers (e.g. bis-aldehydes, multi-isocyanates, cyclic esters, epoxides, N-carboxyanhydrides, etc.) and/or initiators (e.g. hydroxy- or trimethylsilyl-containing reagents) employed in such "organopolymerisation" reactions utilizing NHCs. A variety of metal-free polymers, including aliphatic polyesters and polyethers, poly(α-peptoid)s, poly(meth)acrylates, polyurethanes, or polysiloxanes can be obtained in this way. The last section covers the use of NHCs as structural components of the polymer chain. Indeed, NHC-based photoinitiators, chain transfer agents or functionalizing agents, as well as bifunctional NHC monomer substrates, can also serve for metal-free polymer synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maréva Fèvre
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, 16 avenue Pey-Berland, F-33607 Pessac cedex, France
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41
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Gangloff N, Luxenhofer R. Peptoids for Biomimetic Hierarchical Structures. HIERARCHICAL MACROMOLECULAR STRUCTURES: 60 YEARS AFTER THE STAUDINGER NOBEL PRIZE II 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2013_237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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42
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Luxenhofer R, Huber S, Hytry J, Tong J, Kabanov AV, Jordan R. Chiral and water-soluble poly(2-oxazoline)s. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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43
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Brown HA, De Crisci AG, Hedrick JL, Waymouth RM. Amidine-Mediated Zwitterionic Polymerization of Lactide. ACS Macro Lett 2012; 1:1113-1115. [PMID: 35607177 DOI: 10.1021/mz300276u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of lactide with DBU (1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0] undec-7-ene) is described. Room temperature polymerization using the neutral amine catalyst DBU in the absence of any other initiator produces polymers with narrow polydispersities and shows a linear relationship between molecular weight and conversion. The resulting polymers were characterized and determined to be cyclic. DFT calculations support a mechanistic hypothesis involving a zwitterionic acyl amidinium intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley A. Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California,
94305-5080, United States
| | - Antonio G. De Crisci
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California,
94305-5080, United States
| | - James L. Hedrick
- IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, California 95120, United States
| | - Robert M. Waymouth
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California,
94305-5080, United States
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44
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Fetsch C, Luxenhofer R. Highly Defined Multiblock Copolypeptoids: Pushing the Limits of Living Nucleophilic Ring-Opening Polymerization. Macromol Rapid Commun 2012; 33:1708-13. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201200189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2012] [Revised: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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45
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Zhang D, Lahasky SH, Guo L, Lee CU, Lavan M. Polypeptoid Materials: Current Status and Future Perspectives. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma202319g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Donghui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular
Studies Group, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Samuel H. Lahasky
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular
Studies Group, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Li Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular
Studies Group, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Chang-Uk Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular
Studies Group, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Monika Lavan
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular
Studies Group, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
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46
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Guo L, Lahasky SH, Ghale K, Zhang D. N-Heterocyclic carbene-mediated zwitterionic polymerization of N-substituted N-carboxyanhydrides toward poly(α-peptoid)s: kinetic, mechanism, and architectural control. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:9163-71. [PMID: 22568497 DOI: 10.1021/ja210842b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-mediated polymerizations of N-butyl N-carboxyanhydride (Bu-NCA) to produce cyclic poly(N-butyl glycine)s (c-NHC-PNBGs) have been investigated in various solvents with NHCs having differing steric and electronic properties. Control over the polymer molecular weight (MW) and polymerization rate is strongly dependent on the solvent and the NHC structure. Kinetic studies reveal that the propagating intermediates for the polymerization in low dielectric solvents (e.g., THF or toluene) maintain cyclic architectures with two chain ends in close contact through Coulombic interaction. The NHCs not only initiate the polymerization, but also mediate the chain propagation as intramolecular counterions. Side reactions are significantly suppressed in low dielectric solvents due to the reduced basicity and nucleophilicity of the negatively charged chain ends of the zwitterions, resulting in quasi-living polymerization behavior. By contrast, the two charged chain ends of the zwitterionic species are fully dissociated in high dielectric solvents. The chain propagation proceeds as in conventional anionic polymerizations, wherein side reactions (e.g., transamidation) compete with chain propagation, resulting in significantly diminished control over polymer MW. The cyclic zwitterionic propagating species can be converted into their linear polymeric analogues (l-NHC-PNBGs) by end-capping with electrophiles (e.g., acetyl chloride) or the NHC-free cyclic analogues (c-PNBGs) by treatment with NaN(TMS)(2), as evidenced by MALDI-TOF MS, NMR, and SEC analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular Studies Group, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, 70803, United States
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47
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Lahasky SH, Hu X, Zhang D. Thermoresponsive Poly(α-peptoid)s: Tuning the Cloud Point Temperatures by Composition and Architecture. ACS Macro Lett 2012; 1:580-584. [PMID: 35607065 DOI: 10.1021/mz300017y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Random copolymers based on poly(N-ethyl glycine) and poly(N-butyl glycine) have been synthesized by NHC-mediated or primary amine-initiated copolymerization of the corresponding N-substituted N-carboxyanhydride monomers (i.e., Et-NCA and Bu-NCA), respectively. The copolymers are thermally responsive and exhibit reversible phase transitions with tunable cloud point temperature (Tcp) in aqueous solution. The Tcp can be readily tuned in the temperature range 20-60 °C by controlling the copoly(α-peptoid) composition and the architecture (i.e., cyclic vs linear). The copoly(α-peptoid)s are noncytotoxic (similar to poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), a benchmark biocompatible polymer), suggesting their potential use in biotechnology and biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel H. Lahasky
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular Studies Group, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Xiaoke Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular Studies Group, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Donghui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular Studies Group, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
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48
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Lee CU, Smart TP, Guo L, Epps TH, Zhang D. Synthesis and Characterization of Amphiphilic Cyclic Diblock Copolypeptoids from N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Mediated Zwitterionic Polymerization of N-Substituted N-carboxyanhydride. Macromolecules 2011; 44:9574-9585. [PMID: 22247571 PMCID: PMC3255090 DOI: 10.1021/ma2020936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-mediated ring-opening polymerization of N-decylN-carboxylanhydride monomer (De-NCA) has been shown to occur in a controlled manner, yielding cyclic poly(N-decyl-glycine)s (c-PNDGs) with polymer molecular weights (MW) between 4.8 and 31 kg·mol(-1) and narrow molecular weight distributions (PDI < 1.15). The reaction exhibits pseudo-first order kinetics with respect to monomer concentration. The polymer MW increases linearly with conversion, consistent with a living polymerization. ESI MS and SEC analysesconfirm the cyclic architectures of the forming polymers. DSC and WAXS studies reveal that the c-PNDG homopolymers are highly crystalline with two prominent first order transitions at 72-79°C (T(m,1)) and 166-177°C (T(m,2)), which have been attributed to the side chain and main chain melting respectively. A series of amphiphilic cyclic diblock copolypeptoids [i.e.,poly(N-methyl-glycine)-b-poly(N-decyl-glycine) (c-PNMG-b-PNDG)] with variable molecular weight and composition was synthesized by sequential NHC-mediated polymerization of the corresponding N-methyl N-carboxyanhydride (Me-NCA) and De-NCA monomers. (1)H NMR analysis reveals that adjusting the initial monomer to NHC molar ratio can readily control the block copolymer chain length and composition. Time-lapsed light scattering and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) analysis of c-PNDG-b-PNMG samples revealed that the amphiphilic cyclic block copolypeptoids self-assemble into spherical micelles that reorganize into micron-long cylindrical micelles with uniform diameter in room temperature methanol over the course of several days. An identical morphological transition has also been noted for the linear analogs, which occurs more rapidly than for the cyclic copolypeptoids. We tentatively attribute this difference to the different crystallization kinetics of the solvophobic block (i.e., PNDG) in the cyclic and linear block copolypeptoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Uk Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular Studies Group, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
| | - Thomas P. Smart
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE19716
| | - Li Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular Studies Group, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
| | - Thomas H. Epps
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE19716
| | - Donghui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular Studies Group, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
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49
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Lahasky SH, Serem WK, Guo L, Garno JC, Zhang D. Synthesis and Characterization of Cyclic Brush-Like Polymers by N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Mediated Zwitterionic Polymerization of N-Propargyl N-Carboxyanhydride and the Grafting-to Approach. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma201948u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel H. Lahasky
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular Studies Group, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70803
| | - Wilson K. Serem
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular Studies Group, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70803
| | - Li Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular Studies Group, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70803
| | - Jayne C. Garno
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular Studies Group, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70803
| | - Donghui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular Studies Group, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70803
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