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Pantiora P, Furlan V, Matiadis D, Mavroidi B, Perperopoulou F, Papageorgiou AC, Sagnou M, Bren U, Pelecanou M, Labrou NE. Monocarbonyl Curcumin Analogues as Potent Inhibitors against Human Glutathione Transferase P1-1. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 12:antiox12010063. [PMID: 36670925 PMCID: PMC9854774 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The isoenzyme of human glutathione transferase P1-1 (hGSTP1-1) is involved in multi-drug resistance (MDR) mechanisms in numerous cancer cell lines. In the present study, the inhibition potency of two curcuminoids and eleven monocarbonyl curcumin analogues against hGSTP1-1 was investigated. Demethoxycurcumin (Curcumin II) and three of the monocarbonyl curcumin analogues exhibited the highest inhibitory activity towards hGSTP1-1 with IC50 values ranging between 5.45 ± 1.08 and 37.72 ± 1.02 μM. Kinetic inhibition studies of the most potent inhibitors demonstrated that they function as non-competitive/mixed-type inhibitors. These compounds were also evaluated for their toxicity against the prostate cancer cells DU-145. Interestingly, the strongest hGSTP1-1 inhibitor, (DM96), exhibited the highest cytotoxicity with an IC50 of 8.60 ± 1.07 μΜ, while the IC50 values of the rest of the compounds ranged between 44.59-48.52 μΜ. Structural analysis employing molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and binding-free-energy calculations was performed to study the four most potent curcumin analogues as hGSTP1-1 inhibitors. According to the obtained computational results, DM96 exhibited the lowest binding free energy, which is in agreement with the experimental data. All studied curcumin analogues were found to form hydrophobic interactions with the residue Gln52, as well as hydrogen bonds with the nearby residues Gln65 and Asn67. Additional hydrophobic interactions with the residues Phe9 and Val36 as well as π-π stacking interaction with Phe9 contributed to the superior inhibitory activity of DM96. The van der Waals component through shape complementarity was found to play the most important role in DM96-inhibitory activity. Overall, our results revealed that the monocarbonyl curcumin derivative DM96 acts as a strong hGSTP1-1 inhibitor, exerts high prostate cancer cell cytotoxicity, and may, therefore, be exploited for the suppression and chemosensitization of cancer cells. This study provides new insights into the development of safe and effective GST-targeted cancer chemosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota Pantiora
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Street, GR-11855 Athens, Greece
- Institute of Biosciences & Applications, NCSR “Demokritos”, 15310 Athens, Greece
| | - Veronika Furlan
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Dimitris Matiadis
- Institute of Biosciences & Applications, NCSR “Demokritos”, 15310 Athens, Greece
| | - Barbara Mavroidi
- Institute of Biosciences & Applications, NCSR “Demokritos”, 15310 Athens, Greece
| | - Fereniki Perperopoulou
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Street, GR-11855 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Marina Sagnou
- Institute of Biosciences & Applications, NCSR “Demokritos”, 15310 Athens, Greece
| | - Urban Bren
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Glagoljaška 8, SI-6000 Koper, Slovenia
- Institute of Environmental Protection and Sensors, Beloruska Ulica 7, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Maria Pelecanou
- Institute of Biosciences & Applications, NCSR “Demokritos”, 15310 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos E. Labrou
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Street, GR-11855 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +30-2105294208
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Premetis G, Marugas P, Fanos G, Vlachakis D, Chronopoulou EG, Perperopoulou F, Dubey KK, Shukla P, Foudah AI, Muharram MM, Aldawsari MF, Papageorgiou AC, Labrou NE. The Interaction of the Microtubule Targeting Anticancer Drug Colchicine with Human Glutathione Transferases. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 26:5205-5212. [PMID: 32713331 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200724154711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glutathione transferases (GSTs) are a family of Phase II detoxification enzymes that have been shown to be involved in the development of multi-drug resistance (MDR) mechanism toward chemotherapeutic agents. GST inhibitors have, therefore, emerged as promising chemosensitizers to manage and reverse MDR. Colchicine (COL) is a classical antimitotic, tubulin-binding agent (TBA) which is being explored as anticancer drug. METHODS In the present work, the interaction of COL and its derivative 2,3-didemethylcolchicine (2,3-DDCOL) with human glutathione transferases (hGSTA1-1, hGSTP1-1, hGSTM1-1) was investigated by inhibition analysis, molecular modelling and molecular dynamics simulations. RESULTS The results showed that both compounds bind reversibly to human GSTs and behave as potent inhibitors. hGSTA1-1 was the most sensitive enzyme to inhibition by COL with IC50 22 μΜ. Molecular modelling predicted that COL overlaps with both the hydrophobic (H-site) and glutathione binding site (G-site) and polar interactions appear to be the driving force for its positioning and recognition at the binding site. The interaction of COL with other members of GST family (hGSTA2-2, hGSTM3-3, hGSTM3-2) was also investigated with similar results. CONCLUSION The results of the present study might be useful in future drug design and development efforts towards human GSTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Premetis
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Street, GR-11855-Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Marugas
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Street, GR-11855-Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Fanos
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Street, GR-11855-Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Vlachakis
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biotechnology, School of Food, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Street, GR-11855-Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia G Chronopoulou
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Street, GR-11855-Athens, Greece
| | - Fereniki Perperopoulou
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Street, GR-11855-Athens, Greece
| | - Kashyap Kumar Dubey
- Bioprocess Engineering Lab, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Pratyoosh Shukla
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Ahmed Ibrahim Foudah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, 11942, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magdy Mohamed Muharram
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, 11942, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed F Aldawsari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, 11942, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Nikolaos E Labrou
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Street, GR-11855-Athens, Greece
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The Interaction of the Flavonoid Fisetin with Human Glutathione Transferase A1-1. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11030190. [PMID: 33806779 PMCID: PMC8004991 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11030190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione transferases (GSTs) are a family of Phase II detoxification enzymes that are involved in the development of the multidrug resistance (MDR) mechanism in cancer cells and therefore affect the clinical outcome of cancer chemotherapy. The discovery of nontoxic natural compounds as inhibitors for GSTs is a promising approach for chemosensitizing and reversing MDR. Fisetin (7,3′,4′-flavon-3-ol) is a plant flavonol present in many plants and fruits. In the present work, the interaction of fisetin with human glutathione transferase A1-1 (hGSTA1-1) was investigated. Kinetic analysis revealed that fisetin is a reversible inhibitor for hGSTA1-1 with IC50 1.2 ± 0.1 μΜ. It functions as a mixed-type inhibitor toward glutathione (GSH) and as a noncompetitive inhibitor toward the electrophile substrate 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB). In silico molecular modeling and docking predicted that fisetin binds at a distinct location, in the solvent channel of the enzyme, and occupies the entrance of the substrate-binding sites. Treatment of proliferating human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (CaCo-2) with fisetin causes a reduction in the expression of hGSTA1-1 at the mRNA and protein levels. In addition, fisetin inhibits GST activity in CaCo-2 cell crude extract with an IC50 (2.5 ± 0.1 μΜ), comparable to that measured using purified recombinant hGSTA1-1. These actions of fisetin can provide a synergistic role toward the suppression and chemosensitization of cancer cells. The results of the present study provide insights into the development of safe and effective GST-targeted cancer chemosensitizers.
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Abstract
The mercapturic acid pathway is a major route for the biotransformation of xenobiotic and endobiotic electrophilic compounds and their metabolites. Mercapturic acids (N-acetyl-l-cysteine S-conjugates) are formed by the sequential action of the glutathione transferases, γ-glutamyltransferases, dipeptidases, and cysteine S-conjugate N-acetyltransferase to yield glutathione S-conjugates, l-cysteinylglycine S-conjugates, l-cysteine S-conjugates, and mercapturic acids; these metabolites constitute a "mercapturomic" profile. Aminoacylases catalyze the hydrolysis of mercapturic acids to form cysteine S-conjugates. Several renal transport systems facilitate the urinary elimination of mercapturic acids; urinary mercapturic acids may serve as biomarkers for exposure to chemicals. Although mercapturic acid formation and elimination is a detoxication reaction, l-cysteine S-conjugates may undergo bioactivation by cysteine S-conjugate β-lyase. Moreover, some l-cysteine S-conjugates, particularly l-cysteinyl-leukotrienes, exert significant pathophysiological effects. Finally, some enzymes of the mercapturic acid pathway are described as the so-called "moonlighting proteins," catalytic proteins that exert multiple biochemical or biophysical functions apart from catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick E Hanna
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - M W Anders
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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Alqarni MH, Muharram MM, Labrou NE. Ligand-induced glutathione transferase degradation as a therapeutic modality: Investigation of a new metal-mediated affinity cleavage strategy for human GSTP1-1. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 116:84-90. [PMID: 29727648 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.04.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione transferases (GST, EC. 2.5.1.18) are overexpressed in cancer cell and have been shown to be involved in cancer cell growth, differentiation and the development of multi-drug resistance (MDR) mechanism. Therefore, GST inhibitors are emerging as promising chemosensitizers to manage and reverse MDR. The present work aims to the synthesis, characterization and assessment of a new active-site chimeric inhibitor towards the MDR-involved human GSTP1-1 isoenzyme (hGSTP1-1). The inhibitor [BDA-Fe(III)] was designed to possess two functional groups: the anthraquinone moiety, as recognition element by hGSTP1-1 and a metal chelated complex [iminodiacetic acid-Fe(III)] as a reactive moiety, able to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), through Fenton reaction. Upon binding of the BDA-Fe(III) to hGSTP1-1 in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated, which promoted the specific cleavage of hGSTP1-1 in a time and concentration-dependent manner. Electrophoretic analysis showed that each enzyme subunit is cleaved at a single site. Amino acid sequencing as well as molecular modelling studies established that the cleaved peptide bond is located between the amino acids Tyr103 and Ile104. This ligand-induced hGSTP1-1 degradation and inactivation strategy is discussed as a new approach towards chemosensitization of MDR cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Hamed Alqarni
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, 11942 Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magdy Mohamed Muharram
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, 11942 Alkharj, Saudi Arabia; Department of Microbiology, College of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, 11884 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nikolaos E Labrou
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Food, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Street, GR-11855 Athens, Greece.
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Perperopoulou F, Pouliou F, Labrou NE. Recent advances in protein engineering and biotechnological applications of glutathione transferases. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2017; 38:511-528. [PMID: 28936894 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2017.1375890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione transferases (GSTs, EC 2.5.1.18) are a widespread family of enzymes that play a central role in the detoxification, metabolism, and transport or sequestration of endogenous or xenobiotic compounds. During the last two decades, delineation of the important structural and catalytic features of GSTs has laid the groundwork for engineering GSTs, involving both rational and random approaches, aiming to create new variants with new or altered properties. These approaches have expanded the usefulness of native GSTs, not only for understanding the fundamentals of molecular detoxification mechanisms, but also for the development medical, analytical, environmental, and agricultural applications. This review article attempts to summarize successful examples and current developments on GST engineering, highlighting in parallel the recent knowledge gained on their phylogenetic relationships, structural/catalytic features, and biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereniki Perperopoulou
- a Department of Biotechnology, Laboratory of Enzyme Technology , School of Food, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Fotini Pouliou
- a Department of Biotechnology, Laboratory of Enzyme Technology , School of Food, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Nikolaos E Labrou
- a Department of Biotechnology, Laboratory of Enzyme Technology , School of Food, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens , Athens , Greece
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