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Rhyu MR, Kim Y, Misaka T. Suppression of hTAS2R16 Signaling by Umami Substances. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197045. [PMID: 32987926 PMCID: PMC7582725 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Interaction between umami and bitter taste has long been observed in human sensory studies and in neural responses in animal models, however, the molecular mechanism for their action has not been delineated. Humans detect diverse bitter compounds using 25-30 members of the type 2 taste receptor (TAS2R) family of G protein-coupled receptor. In this study, we investigated the putative mechanism of antagonism by umami substances using HEK293T cells expressing hTAS2R16 and two known probenecid-insensitive mutant receptors, hTAS2R16 N96T and P44T. In wild type receptor, Glu-Glu, inosine monophosphate (IMP), and l-theanine behave as partial insurmountable antagonists, and monosodium glutamate (MSG) acts as a surmountable antagonist in comparison with probenecid as a full insurmountable antagonist. The synergism with IMP of umami substances still stands in the suppression of hTAS2R16 signaling. In mutagenesis analysis, we found that Glu-Glu, MSG, and l-theanine share at least one critical binding site on N96 and P44 with probenecid. These results provide the first evidence for a direct binding of umami substances to the hTAS2R16 through the probenecid binding pocket on the receptor, resulting in the suppression of bitterness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mee-Ra Rhyu
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-63-219-9268; Fax: +82-63-219-9876
| | - Yiseul Kim
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea;
| | - Takumi Misaka
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan;
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2
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Linden A, Magirius JEF, Heimgartner H. Solid-state conformations of linear depsipeptide amides with an alternating sequence of α,α-disubstituted α-amino acid and α-hydroxy acid. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY 2020; 76:1-9. [PMID: 31919301 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229619016073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Depsipeptides and cyclodepsipeptides are analogues of the corresponding peptides in which one or more amide groups are replaced by ester functions. Reports of crystal structures of linear depsipeptides are rare. The crystal structures and conformational analyses of four depsipeptides with an alternating sequence of an α,α-disubstituted α-amino acid and an α-hydroxy acid are reported. The molecules in the linear hexadepsipeptide amide in (S)-Pms-Acp-(S)-Pms-Acp-(S)-Pms-Acp-NMe2 acetonitrile solvate, C47H58N4O9·C2H3N, (3b), as well as in the related linear tetradepsipeptide amide (S)-Pms-Aib-(S)-Pms-Aib-NMe2, C28H37N3O6, (5a), the diastereoisomeric mixture (S,R)-Pms-Acp-(R,S)-Pms-Acp-NMe2/(R,S)-Pms-Acp-(R,S)-Pms-Acp-NMe2 (1:1), C32H41N3O6, (5b), and (R,S)-Mns-Acp-(S,R)-Mns-Acp-NMe2, C30H37N3O6, (5c) (Pms is phenyllactic acid, Acp is 1-aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid and Mns is mandelic acid), generally adopt a β-turn conformation in the solid state, which is stabilized by intramolecular N-H...O hydrogen bonds. Whereas β-turns of type I (or I') are formed in the cases of (3b), (5a) and (5b), which contain phenyllactic acid, the torsion angles for (5c), which incorporates mandelic acid, indicate a β-turn in between type I and type III. Intermolecular N-H...O and O-H...O hydrogen bonds link the molecules of (3a) and (5b) into extended chains, and those of (5a) and (5c) into two-dimensional networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Linden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - J E Florian Magirius
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Heinz Heimgartner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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3
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Kaptein B, Monaco V, Broxterman QB, Schoemaker HE, Kamphuis J. Synthesis of dipeptides containing α-substituted amino acids; their use as chiral ligands in Lewis-acid-catalyzed reactions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/recl.19951140417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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4
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Hartwig S, Schwarz J, Hecht S. From Peptides to Their Alternating Ester-Urea Analogues: Synthesis and Influence of Hydrogen Bonding Motif and Stereochemistry on Aggregation. J Org Chem 2009; 75:772-82. [DOI: 10.1021/jo902249w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Hartwig
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jutta Schwarz
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Hecht
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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5
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6
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Katakai R, Kobayashi K, Yamada K, Oku H, Emori N. Synthesis of sequential polydepsipeptides utilizing a new approach for the synthesis of depsipeptides. Biopolymers 2004; 73:641-4. [PMID: 15048767 DOI: 10.1002/bip.20013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Sequential polydepsipeptides were synthesized by the depsipeptide active ester method using a new approach for the direct synthesis of N-protected depsipeptide free acids from hydroxy acids. The method uses synthesis of Boc-didepsipeptides by reaction of free hydroxy acids with Boc-amino acid N-hydroxysuccinimide esters catalyzed by 4-dimethylaminopyridine and chain elongation of the free depsipeptides by the reaction with Boc-amino acid N-hydroxysuccinimide esters in an organic solvent system of acetonitrile-tetrahydrofuran. The Boc-depsipeptide free acids were activated as their N-hydroxysuccinimide esters, which were polymerized after removal of the Boc-protecting group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoichi Katakai
- Department of Chemistry, Gunma University, Tenjin-cho, Kiryu 376-8515, Japan.
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7
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Hanessian S, Kornienko A, Swayze EE. Probing the functional requirements of the l-haba side-chain of amikacin—synthesis, 16S A-site rRNA binding, and antibacterial activity. Tetrahedron 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(02)01625-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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8
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Abstract
A sequential polydepsipeptide, Boc-(Leu-Leu-Lac)3-Leu-Leu-OEt (1) (Lac = L-lactic acid residue) has been synthesized by the segment condensation method. The sequential unit of 1, -Leu-Leu-Lac-, is consisted of two amino acid residues and one hydroxy acid residue. X-ray diffraction measurement with an imaging plate detector and a direct-methods procedure of Shake-and-Bake successfully revealed the crystal structure of 1. In the solid state, the 11-mer depsipeptide, 1, have clear alpha-helical conformation even with the three ester linkages.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ohyama
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
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9
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Ohyama T, Oku H, Hiroki A, Maekawa Y, Yoshida M, Katakai R. The crystal structure for a depsipeptide Boc-(Leu-Leu-Ala)(2)-(Leu-Leu-Lac)(3)-OEt with a 3(10)-helical segment. Biopolymers 2000; 54:375-8. [PMID: 10951323 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0282(200011)54:6<375::aid-bip10>3.0.co;2-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T Ohyama
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
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10
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Katakai R, Kobayashi K, Yonezawa N, Yoshida M. Hexane-soluble octadecadepsipeptide forming hydrophobic alpha-helical rod end-capped by the C-terminal gamma-turn. Biopolymers 1996; 38:285-90. [PMID: 8589258 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0282(199602)38:2<285::aid-bip12>3.0.co;2-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R Katakai
- Department of Chemistry, Gunma University, Kiryu-shi, Japan
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11
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Kinghorn AD, Fullas F, Hussain RA. Structure-activity relationship of highly sweet natural products. STRUCTURE AND CHEMISTRY (PART C) 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/s1572-5995(06)80129-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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12
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Hermes HF, Tandler RF, Sonke T, Dijkhuizen L, Meijer EM. Purification and Characterization of an
l
-Amino Amidase from
Mycobacterium neoaurum
ATCC 25795. Appl Environ Microbiol 1994; 60:153-9. [PMID: 16349147 PMCID: PMC201283 DOI: 10.1128/aem.60.1.153-159.1994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An
l
-amino amidase from
Mycobacterium neoaurum
ATCC 25795 responsible for the enantioselective resolution of
dl
-α-methyl valine amide was purified and characterized. The purification procedure included ammonium sulfate fractionation, gel filtration, and anion-exchange chromatography, which resulted in a homogeneous preparation of the enzyme with a native molecular mass of 136 kDa and a subunit molecular mass of 40 kDa. The purified enzyme displayed the highest activity at 50°C and at pH 8.0 and 9.5. The enzyme was strongly inhibited by the metal-chelating agent 1,10-phenanthroline, the disulfide-reducing agent dithiothreitol, and the cysteine proteinase inhibitor iodoacetamide. The purified amino amidase showed a unique
l
-enantioselective activity towards a broad range of both α-H- and α-alkyl-substituted amino acid amides, with the highest activity towards the cyclic amino acid amide
dl
-proline amide. No activity was measured with
dl
-mandelic acid amide nor with the dipeptide
l
-phenylalanine-
l
-leucine. The highest catalytic efficiency (
k
cat
/
K
m
ratio) was measured with
dl
-α-allyl alanine amide,
dl
-α-methyl phenylalanine amide, and
dl
-α-methyl leucine amide.
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Affiliation(s)
- H F Hermes
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Section, DSM Research, 6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands
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13
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Valle G, Crisma M, Toniolo C, Sudhanand, Rao RB, Sukumar M, Balaram P. Stereochemistry of peptides containing 1-aminocycloheptane-1-carboxylic acid (Ac7c). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE AND PROTEIN RESEARCH 1991; 38:511-8. [PMID: 1819586 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1991.tb01534.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The crystal structures of four peptides incorporating 1-aminocycloheptane-1-carboxylic acid (Ac7c) are described. Boc-Aib-Ac7c-NHMe and Boc-Pro-Ac7c-Ala-OMe adopt beta-turn conformations stabilized by an intramolecular 4----1 hydrogen bond, the former folding into a type-I/III beta-turn and the latter into a type-II beta-turn. In the dipeptide esters, Boc-Aib-Ac7c-OMe and Boc-Pro-Ac7c-OMe, the Ac7c and Aib residues adopt helical conformations, while the Pro residue remains semi-extended in both the molecules of Boc-Pro-Ac7c-OMe found in the asymmetric unit. The cycloheptane ring of Ac7c residues adopts a twist-chair conformation in all the peptides studied. 1H-NMR studies in CDCl3 and (CD3)2SO and IR studies in CDCl3 suggest that Boc-Aib-Ac7c-NHMe and Boc-Pro-Ac7c-Ala-OMe maintain the beta-turn conformations in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Valle
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Padova, Italy
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14
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Heimgartner H. 3-Amino-2H-azirine, Bausteine für α,α-disubstituierte α-Aminosäuren in Heterocyclen- und Peptidsynthesen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1991. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19911030306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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15
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Burger A. Isosterism and bioisosterism in drug design. PROGRESS IN DRUG RESEARCH. FORTSCHRITTE DER ARZNEIMITTELFORSCHUNG. PROGRES DES RECHERCHES PHARMACEUTIQUES 1991; 37:287-371. [PMID: 1763185 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-7139-6_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Burger
- University of Virginia, Department of Chemistry, Charlottesville 22901
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16
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Abstract
By harnessing the remarkable power of the immune system to access the three-dimensional chemical information sequestered in target sites for drug ligands, antibody-directed drug discovery speeds the design of new therapeutic entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Wolff
- ImmunoPharmaceutics, Inc., San Diego, California 92127
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17
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18
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Kamphuis J, Boesten WH, Broxterman QB, Hermes HF, van Balken JA, Meijer EM, Schoemaker HE. New developments in the chemo-enzymatic production of amino acids. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 1990; 42:133-86. [PMID: 2291436 DOI: 10.1007/bfb0000733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Recent progress in the chemo-enzymatic production of amino acids is reviewed. Both recently developed commercial processes and potentially important new developments are discussed. Emphasis is placed on the use of acylases, aminopeptidases and hydantoinases. The discovery of D-specific enzymes in combination with racemases is an exciting and promising new area. Also, a goal-orientated approach towards the selective generation of these novel enzyme activities using in vivo protein engineering techniques is highlighted. The interest in dipeptide sweeteners has triggered a major research effort towards the production of L-phenylalanine and D-alanine. A number of methods for the production of these amino acids is briefly discussed. Finally, chemo-enzymatic methods for the synthesis of enantiomerically pure alpha-alkyl-alpha-amino acids are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kamphuis
- DSM Research, Bio-organic Chemistry Section, Geleen, The Netherlands
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19
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Crisma M, Bonora GM, Toniolo C, Barone V, Benedetti E, Di Blasio B, Pavone V, Pedone C, Santini A, Fraternali F. Structural versatility of peptides containing C alpha, alpha-dialkylated glycines: conformational energy computations, i.r. absorption and 1H n.m.r. analysis of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid homopeptides. Int J Biol Macromol 1989; 11:345-52. [PMID: 2489103 DOI: 10.1016/0141-8130(89)90006-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Conformational energy computations on the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid mono-, di-, and tripeptide amides, Ac-(Ac3c)n-NHMe (n = 1-3), indicate that this C alpha, alpha-dialkylated, cyclic alpha-amino acid residue is conformally restricted and that type-I(I') beta-bends and distorted 3(10)-helices are particularly stable conformations for the di- and tripeptide amides, respectively. The results of the theoretical analysis are in agreement with those obtained in an i.r. absorption and 1H n.m.r. investigation in chloroform solution of Ac3c-rich tri- and tetrapeptide esters. A comparison is also made with the conclusions extracted from our previous work on peptides rich in Aib (alpha-aminoisobutyric acid), Ac5c (1-aminocyclopentane-1-carboxylic acid), and Ac6c (1-aminocyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Crisma
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Padua, Italy
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20
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Valle G, Crisma M, Toniolo C, Holt EM, Tamura M, Bland J, Stammer CH. Crystallographic characterization of conformation of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid residue (Ac3c) in simple derivatives and peptides. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE AND PROTEIN RESEARCH 1989; 34:56-65. [PMID: 2793309 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1989.tb01009.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The molecular and crystal structures of the C alpha,alpha-dialkylated alpha-amino acid residue 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid hemihydrate (H2+-Ac3c-O-.1/2 H2O) and nine derivatives and dipeptides have been determined by X-ray diffraction. The derivatives are pBrBz-Ac3c-OH, Piv-Ac3c-OH, Z-Ac3c-OH, the alpha-and beta-forms of t-Boc-Ac3c-OH, Z-Ac3c-OMe, and the 5(4H)-oxazolone from pBrBz-Ac3c-OH; the dipeptides are H-(Ac3c)-OMe and c(Ac3c)2. The values determined for the torsion angles about the N-C alpha (phi) and C alpha-C' (psi) bonds for the single Ac3c residue of Piv-Ac3c-OH, the alpha- and beta-forms of t-Boc-Ac3-OH and Z-Ac3c-OMe, and the C-terminal Ac3c residue of H-(Ac3c)2-OMe correspond to folded conformations in the "bridge" region of the Ramachandran map. The structures of pBrBz-Ac3c-OH and Z-Ac3c-OH, however, are unusual in having a semi-extended conformation for the phi, psi angles. The N-terminal Ac3c residue of H-(Ac3c)2-OMe adopts a novel type of C5 conformation, characterized inter alia by an (amino) N. . .H-N (peptide) intramolecular hydrogen bond. While the acyl N alpha-blocking groups form trans amides (pBrBz-Ac3c-OH and Piv-Ac3c-OH), the urethane groups may adopt either the trans [Z-Ac3c-OH and t-Boc-Ac3c-OH (alpha-form)] or the cis amide conformations [t-Boc-Ac3c-OH(beta-form) and Z-Ac3c-OMe]. The five- and six-membered rings of the 5(4H)-oxazolone and the 2,5-dioxopiperazine, respectively, are planar. The four independent molecules in the asymmetric unit of the free alpha-amino acid are zwitterionic.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Valle
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Padova, Italy
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21
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Barone V, Fraternali F, Cristinziano PL, Lelj F, Rosa A. Conformational behavior of ?,?-dialkylated peptides: Ab initio and empirical results for cyclopropylglycine. Biopolymers 1988. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.360271011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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22
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Santini A, Barone V, Bavoso A, Benedetti E, Di Blasio B, Fraternali F, Lelj F, Pavone V, Pedone C, Crisma M, Bonora G, Toniolo C. Structural versatility of peptides from Cα,α-dialkylated glycines: a conformational energy calculation and X-ray diffraction study of homopeptides from 1-aminocyclopentane-1-carboxylic acid. Int J Biol Macromol 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0141-8130(88)90007-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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23
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Structural versatility of peptides from Cα,α-dialkylated glycines: an infrared absorption and 1H n.m.r. study of homopeptides from 1-aminocyclopentane-1-carboxylic acid. Int J Biol Macromol 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0141-8130(88)90008-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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24
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Wipf P, Heimgartner H. Konformationsanalysen von Modell-Tripeptiden: Der Einfluss von ?,?-disubstituierten ?-Aminos�uren auf die Sekund�rstruktur. Teil I. NMR- und CD-Untersuchungen. Helv Chim Acta 1988. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19880710129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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25
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Mapelli C, Newton MG, Ringold CE, Stammer CH. Cyclopropane amino acid ester dipeptide sweeteners. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE AND PROTEIN RESEARCH 1987; 30:498-510. [PMID: 3429129 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1987.tb03358.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A series of esters of L-aspartyl-1-aminocyclopropane carboxylic acid has been prepared and their sweet tastes determined. The sweetest ester prepared was about 300 times sweeter than sucrose. An attempt to use basic conditions during preparation of the dipeptide allyl ester led to succinimide formation of the aspartyl peptide even though the beta-carboxyl group was protected by a t-butyl ester function. The X-ray structure of the propyl ester (1c) was determined and its conformation is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Mapelli
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens
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26
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Wipf P, Heimgartner H. Selektive Amidspaltung bei Peptiden mit ?,?-disubstituierten ?-Aminos�uren. Helv Chim Acta 1987. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19870700213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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