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Improvement of adhesion properties of enzyme‐loaded coating on random packing in transesterification. ASIA-PAC J CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/apj.2429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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2
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Lee C, Sandig B, Buchmeiser MR, Haumann M. Supported ionic liquid phase (SILP) facilitated gas-phase enzyme catalysis – CALB catalyzed transesterification of vinyl propionate. Catal Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cy00089a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The supported ionic liquid phase (SILP) technology has been used to immobilize Candida Antarctica Lipase B (CALB) within a hybrid monolith.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhee Lee
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)
- Lehrstuhl für Chemische Reaktionstechnik (CRT)
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - Bernhard Sandig
- Universität Stuttgart
- Institut für Polymerchemie
- 70569 Stuttgart
- Germany
| | | | - Marco Haumann
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)
- Lehrstuhl für Chemische Reaktionstechnik (CRT)
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
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3
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Badieyan S, Wang Q, Zou X, Li Y, Herron M, Abbott NL, Chen Z, Marsh ENG. Engineered Surface-Immobilized Enzyme that Retains High Levels of Catalytic Activity in Air. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:2872-2875. [PMID: 28191945 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b12174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In the absence of aqueous buffer, most enzymes retain little or no activity; however, "water-free" enzymes would have many diverse applications. Here, we describe the chemically precise immobilization of an enzyme on an engineered surface designed to support catalytic activity in air at ambient humidity. Covalent immobilization of haloalkane dehalogenase on a surface support displaying poly(sorbitol methacrylate) chains resulted in ∼40-fold increase in activity over lyophilized enzyme powders for the gas-phase dehalogenation of 1-bromopropane. The activity of the immobilized enzyme in air approaches 25% of the activity obtained in buffer for the immobilized enzyme. Poly(sorbitol methacrylate) appears to enhance activity by replacing protein-water interactions, thereby preserving the protein structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayesadat Badieyan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Qiuming Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Xingquan Zou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Yaoxin Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Maggie Herron
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Nicholas L Abbott
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Zhan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - E Neil G Marsh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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Perez VH, Miranda EA, Valença GP. Kinetics of gas-phase hydrolysis of ethyl acetate catalyzed by immobilized lipase. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2007; 136:23-37. [PMID: 17416975 DOI: 10.1007/bf02685936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2005] [Revised: 02/15/2006] [Accepted: 02/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Reactions catalyzed by supported enzymes present important advantages when compared with those in aqueous media or organic solvents: separation of enzymes from substrate is easily accomplished, enzyme stability may be improved, and control of the reaction products is more accurate. We present the experimental results of the kinetic study of ethyl acetate hydrolysis in gaseous phase catalyzed by a commercial immobilized lipase (Lipozyme IM; Novo Nordisk). The hydrolysis reaction was studied as a function of ethyl ester and water partial pressure at a constant temperature of 318 K. The amount of biocatalyst used was varied between 100 and 300 mg, and the reaction was studied in a flow-through glass microreactor. Under the conditions used, water was an important parameter in the gas-phase reaction. Activation energy was 24.8 kJ/mol and the overall order of reaction was one. Finally, a Bi-Bi reaction mechanism is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor H Perez
- Department of Biotechnological Processes, School of Chemical Engineering, State University of Campinas, PO Box 6066, 13083-970, Campinas-SP, Brazil.
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Mikolajek R, Spiess AC, Pohl M, Lamare S, Büchs J. An Activity, Stability and Selectivity Comparison of Propioin Synthesis by Thiamine Diphosphate-Dependent Enzymes in a Solid/Gas Bioreactor. Chembiochem 2007; 8:1063-70. [PMID: 17497614 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200700095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic carboligation in a solid/gas bioreactor represents a new challenge in biotechnology. In this paper, the continuous gas-phase production of propioin from two propanal molecules by using thiamine diphosphate-dependent enzymes was studied. Two enzymes were used, namely benzaldehyde lyase (BAL) from Pseudomonas fluorescens and benzoylformate decarboxylase (BFD) from Pseudomonas putida. The enzymes are homologous and catalyze carboligase and carbolyase reactions in which no external cofactor regeneration is needed. The influence of water and substrate activity on the initial reaction rate and biocatalyst stability was investigated. An increase in water activity raised the initial reaction rates to the maximal values of 250 and 80 U g(-1) for BAL and BFD, respectively. The half-life showed the same trend with maximal values of 50 and 78 min for BAL and BFD, respectively. The increase in the half-life by increasing water activity was unexpected. It was also observed that BFD is more stable than BAL in the presence of the substrate propanal. Both enzymes showed substrate inhibition in the kinetic studies, and BAL was also deactivated during the reaction. Unexpectedly, the stereoselectivity of both enzymes (ee of 19 % for BAL and racemic mixture for BFD) was significantly impaired in the gas phase compared to the liquid phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renaud Mikolajek
- Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 1, 52056 Aachen, Germany.
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Léonard V, Fransson L, Lamare S, Hult K, Graber M. A Water Molecule in the Stereospecificity Pocket ofCandida Antarctica Lipase B Enhances Enantioselectivity towards Pentan-2-ol. Chembiochem 2007; 8:662-7. [PMID: 17328021 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200600479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The effect of water activity on enzyme-catalyzed enantioselective transesterification was studied by using a solid/gas reactor. The experimental results were compared with predictions from molecular modelling. The system studied was the esterification of pentan-2-ol with methylpropanoate as acyl donor and lipase B from Candida antarctica as catalyst. The data showed a pronounced water-activity effect on both reaction rate and enantioselectivity. The enantioselectivity increased from 100, at water activity close to zero, to a maximum of 320, at a water activity of 0.2. Molecular modelling revealed how a water molecule could bind in the active site and obstruct the binding of the slowly reacting enantiomer. Measurements of enantioselectivity at different water-activity values and temperatures showed that the water molecule had a high affinity for the stereospecificity pocket of the active site with a binding energy of 9 kJ mol-1, and that it lost all its degrees of rotation, corresponding to an entropic energy of 37 J mol-1 K-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Léonard
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologies et Chimie Bio-Organique, Pôle Sciences et Technologies, FRE CNRS 2766, Bâtiment Marie Curie, Université de la Rochelle, Avenue Michel Crépeau, 17042 La Rochelle, Cedex 1, France
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Ghamgui H, Karra-Chaâbouni M, Bezzine S, Miled N, Gargouri Y. Production of isoamyl acetate with immobilized Staphylococcus simulans lipase in a solvent-free system. Enzyme Microb Technol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2005.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kurkal V, Daniel RM, Finney JL, Tehei M, Dunn RV, Smith JC. Enzyme activity and flexibility at very low hydration. Biophys J 2005; 89:1282-7. [PMID: 15894640 PMCID: PMC1366612 DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.104.058677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent measurements have demonstrated enzyme activity at hydrations as low as 3%. This raises the question of whether hydration-induced enzyme flexibility is important for activity. Here, to address this, picosecond dynamic neutron scattering experiments are performed on pig liver esterase powders at 0%, 3%, 12%, and 50% hydration by weight and at temperatures ranging from 120 to 300 K. At all temperatures and hydrations, significant quasielastic scattering intensity is found in the protein, indicating the presence of anharmonic, diffusive motion. As the hydration increases, a temperature-dependent dynamical transition appears and strengthens involving additional diffusive motion. The implication of these results is that, although the additional hydration-induced diffusive motion in the protein detected here may be related to increased activity, it is not required for the enzyme to function.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Kurkal
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR), University of Heidelberg, Germany
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Debeche T, Marmet C, Kiwi-Minsker L, Renken A, Juillerat MA. Structured fiber supports for gas phase biocatalysis. Enzyme Microb Technol 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2005.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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10
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Erable B, Goubet I, Lamare S, Seltana A, Legoy MD, Maugard T. Nonconventional hydrolytic dehalogenation of 1-chlorobutane by dehydrated bacteria in a continuous solid-gas biofilter. Biotechnol Bioeng 2005; 91:304-13. [PMID: 15929125 DOI: 10.1002/bit.20437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Rhodococcus erythropolis NCIMB 13064 and Xanthobacter autotrophicus GJ10 are able to catalyze the conversion of halogenated hydrocarbons to their corresponding alcohols. These strains are attractive biocatalysts for gas phase remediation of polluted gaseous effluents because of their complementary specificity for short or medium and for mono-, di-, or trisubstituted halogenated hydrocarbons (C2-C8 for Rhodococcus erythropolis and C1-C4 for Xanthobacter autotrophicus). After dehydration, these bacteria can catalyze the hydrolytic dehalogenation of 1-chlorobutane in a nonconventional gas phase system under a controlled water thermodynamic activity (a(w)). This process makes it possible to avoid the problems of solubility and bacterial development due to the presence of water in the traditional biofilters. In the aqueous phase, the dehalogenase activity of Rhodococcus erythropolis is less sensitive to thermal denaturation and the apparent Michaelis-Menten constants at 30 degrees C were 0.4 mM and 2.40 micromol min(-1) g(-1) for Km and Vmax, respectively. For Xanthobacter autotrophicus they were 2.8 mM and 0.35 micromol min(-1) g(-1). In the gas phase, the behavior of dehydrated Xanthobacter autotrophicus cells is different from that observed with Rhododcoccus erythropolis cells. The stability of the dehalogenase activity is markedly lower. It is shown that the HCl produced during the reaction is responsible for this low stability. Contrary to Rhodococcus erythropolis cells, disruption of cell walls does not increase the stability of the dehalogenase activity. The activity and stability of lyophilized Xanthobacter autotrophicus GJ10 cells are dependant on various parameters. Optimal dehalogenase activity was determined for water thermodynamic activity (a(w)) of 0.85. A temperature of 30 degrees C offers the best compromise between activity and stability. The pH control before dehydration plays a role in the ionization state of the dehalogenase in the cells. The apparent Michaelis-Menten constants Km and Vmax for the dehydrated Xanthobacter autotrophicus cells were 0.07 (1-chlorobutane thermodynamic activity) and 0.08 micromol min(-1) g(-1) of cells, respectively. A maximal transformation capacity of 1.4 g of 1-chlorobutane per day was finally obtained using 1g of lyophilized Xanthobacter autotrophicus GJ10 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Erable
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologies et de Chimie Bio-organique CNRS FRE 2766, Bâtiment Marie Curie, Université de La Rochelle, Avenue Michel Crépeau, 17042 La Rochelle cedex 1, France
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Lind PA, Daniel RM, Monk C, Dunn RV. Esterase catalysis of substrate vapour: enzyme activity occurs at very low hydration. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2004; 1702:103-10. [PMID: 15450854 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2004.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2004] [Accepted: 08/11/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
It has been generally accepted that enzyme activity requires a minimal hydration of about 0.2 g H2O g(-1) protein. This fits well with evidence that hydration above this level is associated with the onset of intramolecular motions. The influence of enzyme hydration on the hydrolysis of substrate by Candida rugosa Lipase B and pig liver esterase was investigated. Each enzyme was studied as a powder at various hydration levels, using vapour phase ethyl butyrate as substrate. This procedure allows the separation of those effects that are due to hydration from those arising from diffusional constraints. We found hydrolytic activity in both enzymes at all hydration levels above zero (between 0.054-0.47 and 0.029-0.60 g H2O g(-1) protein, respectively) that were investigated. The lowest hydration level investigated, <0.03 g H2O g(-1) enzyme, corresponded to a water/enzyme mole ratio of 100 and a coverage of about 10% of the enzyme surface by water molecules. The hydrolytic activity of both enzymes was dependent on protein hydration. However, since the hydrolysis of ethyl butyrate requires water as a second substrate, the absence of activity at zero hydration does not rule out the possibility of enzyme activity in the absence of water. These results suggest that the properties conferred on proteins by water, at least above 10% surface coverage (in this case corresponding to a hydration level of 0.03 g H2O g(-1) protein), are not a requirement for enzyme catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penelope A Lind
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Gustavsson MT, Persson PV, Iversen T, Hult K, Martinelle M. Polyester coating of cellulose fiber surfaces catalyzed by a cellulose-binding module-Candida antarctica lipase B fusion protein. Biomacromolecules 2004; 5:106-12. [PMID: 14715015 DOI: 10.1021/bm034244y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new approach to introduce polymers to cellulosic materials was developed by using the ability of a cellulose-binding module-Candida antarctica lipase B conjugate to catalyze ring-opening polymerization of epsilon-caprolactone in close proximity to cellulose fiber surfaces. The epsilon-caprolactone was introduced to the cellulose surfaces either by simple addition of liquid monomer or through gas phase. The effects of water activity and temperature on the lipase-catalyzed polymerization process were investigated. Analysis showed that the water content in the system primarily regulated the obtained polymer molecular weight, whereas the temperature influenced the reaction rate. The hydrophobicity of the obtained surfaces did not arise from covalent attachment of the poly(epsilon-caprolactone) to the surface hydroxyl groups but rather from surface-deposited polymers which could be readily extracted. The degree of lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis through introduction of water to the polymer-coated cellulose fiber surfaces was also investigated and shown to be significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin T Gustavsson
- Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Biotechnology, AlbaNova University Centre, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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Dunn RV, Daniel RM. The use of gas-phase substrates to study enzyme catalysis at low hydration. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2004; 359:1309-20; discussion 1320, 1323-8. [PMID: 15306385 PMCID: PMC1693412 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2004.1494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although there are varying estimates as to the degree of enzyme hydration required for activity, a threshold value of ca. 0.2 g of water per gram of protein has been widely accepted. The evidence upon which this is based is reviewed here. In particular, results from the use of gas-phase substrates are discussed. Results using solid-phase enzyme-substrate mixtures are not altogether in accord with those obtained using gas-phase substrates. The use of gaseous substrates and products provides an experimental system in which the hydration of the enzyme can be easily controlled, but which is not limited by diffusion. All the results show that increasing hydration enhances activity. The results using gas-phase substrates do not support the existence of a critical hydration value below which enzymatic activity is absent, and suggest that enzyme activity is possible at much lower hydrations than previously thought; they do not support the notion that significant hydration of the surface polar groups is required for activity. However, the marked improvement of activity as hydration is increased suggests that water does play a role, perhaps in optimizing the structure or facilitating the flexibility required for maximal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel V Dunn
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton, New Zealand.
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Erable B, Goubet I, Lamare S, Legoy MD, Maugard T. Haloalkane hydrolysis byRhodococcus erythropolis cells: Comparison of conventional aqueous phase dehalogenation and nonconventional gas phase dehalogenation. Biotechnol Bioeng 2004; 86:47-54. [PMID: 15007840 DOI: 10.1002/bit.20035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Biofiltration of air polluted by volatile organic compounds is now recognized by the industrial and research communities as an effective and viable alternative to standard environmental technologies. Whereas many studies have focused on solid/liquid/gas biofilters, there have been fewer reports on waste air treatment using other biological processes, especially in a solid/gas biofilter. In this study, a comparison was made of the hydrolysis of halogenated compounds (such as 1-chlorobutane) by lyophilized Rhodococcus erythropolis cells in a novel solid/gas biofilter and in the aqueous phase. We first determined the culture conditions for the production of R. erythropolis cells with a strong dehalogenase activity. Four different media were studied and the amount of 1-chlorobutane was optimized. Next, we report the possibility to use R. erythropolis cells in a solid/gas biofilter in order to transform halogenated compounds in corresponding alcohols. The effect of experimental parameters (total flow into the biofilter, thermodynamic activity of the substrates, temperature, carbon chain length of halogenated substrates) on the activity and stability of lyophilized cells in the gas phase was determined. A critical water thermodynamic activity (a(w)) of 0.4 is necessary for the enzyme to become active and optimal dehalogenase activity for the lyophilized cells is obtained for an a(w) of 0.9. A temperature of reaction of 40 degrees C represents the best compromise between stability and activity. Activation energy of the reaction was determined and found equal to 59.5 KJ/mol. The pH effect on the dehalogenase activity of R. erythropolis cells was also studied in the gas phase and in the aqueous phase. It was observed that pH 9.0 provided the best activity in both systems. We observed that in the aqueous phase R. erythropolis cells were less sensitive to the variation in pH than R. erythropolis cells in the gas phase. Finally, the addition of volatile Lewis base (triethylamine) in the gaseous phase and the action of the lysozyme in order to permeabilize the cells was found to be highly beneficial to the effectiveness of the biofilter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Erable
- Laboratoire de Génie Protéique et Cellulaire, EA3169, Bâtiment Marie Curie, Université de La Rochelle, Avenue Michel Crépeau, 17042 La Rochelle cedex 1, France
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