1
|
A Critical Evaluation of Recent Studies on Packed-Bed Bioreactors for Solid-State Fermentation. Processes (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/pr11030872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Packed-bed bioreactors are often used for aerobic solid-state fermentation, since the forced aeration supplies O2 and removes metabolic heat from the bed. Motivated by the potential for applications in biorefineries, we review studies conducted on packed-bed bioreactors over the last decade, evaluating the insights these studies provide into how large-scale packed beds should be designed and operated. Many studies have used low superficial air velocities and suffer from preferential airflow, such that parts of the bed are not properly aerated. Moreover, some studies have proposed ineffective strategies, such as reversing the direction of the airflow or introducing air through perforated pipes within the bed. Additionally, many studies have used narrow water-jacketed packed-bed bioreactors, but these bioreactors do not reflect heat removal in wide large-scale packed beds, in which heat removal through the side walls makes a minor contribution. Finally, we conclude that, although some attention has been given to characterizing the porosities, water sorption isotherms and volumetric heat and mass transfer coefficients of substrate beds, this work needs to be extended to cover a wider range of solid substrates, and work needs to be done to characterize how these bed properties change due to microbial growth.
Collapse
|
2
|
A model-based strategy for scaling-up traditional packed-bed bioreactors for solid-state fermentation based on measurement of O2 uptake rates. Biochem Eng J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
3
|
|
4
|
β-Mannanase Production Using Coffee Industry Waste for Application in Soluble Coffee Processing. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10020227. [PMID: 32033042 PMCID: PMC7072339 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Soluble coffee offers the combined benefits of high added value and practicality for its consumers. The hydrolysis of coffee polysaccharides by the biochemical route, using enzymes, is an eco-friendly and sustainable way to improve the quality of this product, while contributing to the implementation of industrial processes that have lower energy requirements and can reduce environmental impacts. This work describes the production of hydrolytic enzymes by solid-state fermentation (SSF), cultivating filamentous fungi on waste from the coffee industry, followed by their application in the hydrolysis of waste coffee polysaccharides from soluble coffee processing. Different substrate compositions were studied, an ideal microorganism was selected, and the fermentation conditions were optimized. Cultivations for enzymes production were carried out in flasks and in a packed-bed bioreactor. Higher enzyme yield was achieved in the bioreactor, due to better aeration of the substrate. The best β-mannanase production results were found for a substrate composed of a mixture of coffee waste and wheat bran (1:1 w/w), using Aspergillus niger F12. The enzymatic extract proved to be very stable for 24 h, at 50 °C, and was able to hydrolyze a considerable amount of the carbohydrates in the coffee. The addition of a commercial cellulase cocktail to the crude extract increased the hydrolysis yield by 56%. The production of β-mannanase by SSF and its application in the hydrolysis of coffee polysaccharides showed promise for improving soluble coffee processing, offering an attractive way to assist in closing the loops in the coffee industry and creating a circular economy.
Collapse
|
5
|
Ranjbar S, Hejazi P. Modeling and validating Pseudomonas aeruginosa kinetic parameters based on simultaneous effect of bed temperature and moisture content using lignocellulosic substrate in packed-bed bioreactor. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
6
|
Jin G, Zhu Y, Rinzema A, Wijffels RH, Ge X, Xu Y. Water dynamics during solid-state fermentation by Aspergillus oryzae YH6. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 277:68-76. [PMID: 30658338 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Water is crucial for microbial growth, heat transfer and substrate hydrolysis, and dynamically changes with time in solid-state fermentation. However, water dynamics in the solid substrate is difficult to define and measure. Here, nuclear magnetic resonance was used to monitor water dynamics during the pure culture of Aspergillus oryzae YH6 on wheat in a model system to mimic solid starter (Qu or Koji) preparation. During fermentation, overall water content gradually decreased from 0.84 to 0.36 g/g, and water activity decreased from 0.99 to 0.93. Water content in different state (bound, immobilized and free) changed differently and all moved to more "bound" direction. The internal water distribution over the substrate matrix also showed a faster reduction inward both in the radical and axial direction. Our findings provide the prerequisites for optimal processes where water dynamics in solid-state fermentation can be monitored and controlled.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangyuan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Synergetic Innovation Centre of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Bioprocess Engineering, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yang Zhu
- Bioprocess Engineering, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Arjen Rinzema
- Bioprocess Engineering, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - René H Wijffels
- Bioprocess Engineering, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; Nord University, Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, N-8049 Bodø, Norway
| | - Xiangyang Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Synergetic Innovation Centre of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Synergetic Innovation Centre of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mitchell DA, Pitol LO, Biz A, Finkler ATJ, de Lima Luz LF, Krieger N. Design and Operation of a Pilot-Scale Packed-Bed Bioreactor for the Production of Enzymes by Solid-State Fermentation. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 169:27-50. [PMID: 30828754 DOI: 10.1007/10_2019_90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we describe our experience in building a pilot-scale packed-bed solid-state fermentation (SSF) bioreactor, with provision for intermittent mixing, and the use of this bioreactor to produce pectinases and lipases by filamentous fungi. We show that, at pilot scale, special attention must be given to several aspects that are not usually problematic when one works with laboratory-scale SSF bioreactors. For example, it can be a challenge to produce large amounts of inoculum if the fungus does not sporulate well. Likewise, at larger scales, the air preparation system needs as much attention as the bioreactor itself. Sampling can also be problematic if one wishes to avoid disrupting the bed structure. In the fermentations carried out in the pilot bioreactor, when the substrate bed contained predominantly wheat bran, the bed shrank away from the walls, providing preferential flow paths for the air and necessitating agitation of the bed. These problems were avoided by using beds with approximately 50% of sugarcane bagasse. We also show how a mathematical model that describes heat and water transfer in the bed can be a useful tool in developing appropriate control schemes. Graphical Abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Alexander Mitchell
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Luana Oliveira Pitol
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Biz
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Nadia Krieger
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zolfaghari-Esmaeelabadi M, Hejazi P. Dynamic mathematical modeling of heat and mass transfer incorporating with the local nutrient and biomass limitation of growth in a packed-bed solid-state bioreactor. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 49:230-243. [PMID: 30767722 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2018.1536989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This research develops on our previous semi-mechanistic model that describes the dynamic physical and biochemical processes taking place in a packed-bed bioreactor to analyze the relationship of nutrient limitation, biomass accumulation, metabolic heat generation, and mathematical description of packed-bed porous media. The experimental and simulation data proved that glucose concentration gradients in the biofilm could be neglected due to small biofilm thickness and high diffusivity of glucose in the biofilm. The prediction results also showed that an increase in the initial substrate concentration leads to a rise in the temperature gradient in the bed. The model proposes that if the diameter of substrate particle is too large (r > 0.1 cm), the growth rate will decrease significantly due to the high biomass accumulation in the biofilm, and temperature gradients decrease in the column. This can be used as a strategy to control the overheating problem in the bed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mosayeb Zolfaghari-Esmaeelabadi
- a Biotechnology Research Laboratory , School of Chemical, Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology , Tehran , Iran
| | - Parisa Hejazi
- a Biotechnology Research Laboratory , School of Chemical, Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology , Tehran , Iran
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Heat transfer in packed-beds of agricultural waste with low rates of air flow applicable to solid-state fermentation. Chem Eng Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2018.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
10
|
A new kinetic model for growth based on simultaneous substrate and biomass limitation in solid-state fermentation using agar spheres as the model substrate. Biochem Eng J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
11
|
Arora S, Rani R, Ghosh S. Bioreactors in solid state fermentation technology: Design, applications and engineering aspects. J Biotechnol 2018; 269:16-34. [PMID: 29408199 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, substantial credibility in employing Solid-State Fermentation (SSF) technique has been witnessed owing to its numerous advantages over submerged fermentation (SmF). In spite of enormous advantages, true potential of SSF technology has not been fully realized at industrial scale. The lack of rational and scalable bioreactor designs backed by mathematical models and automated control system that could successfully address heterogeneity with respect to heat and mass, and also operate aseptically, remains the prime reason for it. As a result, there still exists vast scope in SSF bioreactor research and development to facilitate broad spectrum of biotechnological applications. The present article reviews state-of-the-art in SSF technology with focus on bioreactors that have been employed for bioprocess applications, in particular, enzyme production. Based on the mode of operation, bioreactors are divided into four categories with emphasis on design features, effect of operating conditions on productivity, applications and limitations. Selected modeling studies developed over the years, have been revised and presented in problem specific manner in order to address the limitations. Some interesting designs including few recent ones that have been proposed and/or employed at pilot and industrial levels are discussed in more detail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sidharth Arora
- Biochemical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, India
| | - Richa Rani
- Biochemical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, India
| | - Sanjoy Ghosh
- Biochemical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, India.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Effect of mixing events on the production of a thermo-tolerant and acid-stable phytase in a novel solid-state fermentation bioreactor. Process Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
13
|
Zhang Y, Wang L, Chen H. Correlations of medium physical properties and process performance in solid-state fermentation. Chem Eng Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2017.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
14
|
|
15
|
Casciatori FP, Laurentino CL, da Costa KKL, Casciatori PA, Thoméo JC. Hygroscopic Properties of Orange Pulp and Peel. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.12049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Perpétua Casciatori
- Departamento de Engenharia e Tecnologia de Alimentos; Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Rua Cristóvão Colombo 2265 Sao José do Rio Preto 15054000 Brazil
| | - Carmem Lúcia Laurentino
- Departamento de Engenharia e Tecnologia de Alimentos; Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Rua Cristóvão Colombo 2265 Sao José do Rio Preto 15054000 Brazil
| | - Karen Kristhine Leal da Costa
- Departamento de Engenharia e Tecnologia de Alimentos; Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Rua Cristóvão Colombo 2265 Sao José do Rio Preto 15054000 Brazil
| | - Priscila Aparecida Casciatori
- Departamento de Engenharia e Tecnologia de Alimentos; Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Rua Cristóvão Colombo 2265 Sao José do Rio Preto 15054000 Brazil
| | - João Cláudio Thoméo
- Departamento de Engenharia e Tecnologia de Alimentos; Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Rua Cristóvão Colombo 2265 Sao José do Rio Preto 15054000 Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Astolfi V, Joris J, Verlindo R, Oliveira JV, Maugeri F, Mazutti MA, de Oliveira D, Treichel H. Operation of a fixed-bed bioreactor in batch and fed-batch modes for production of inulinase by solid-state fermentation. Biochem Eng J 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2011.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
17
|
Kwon YJ, Wang F, Liu CZ. Deep-bed solid state fermentation of sweet sorghum stalk to ethanol by thermotolerant Issatchenkia orientalis IPE 100. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:11262-11265. [PMID: 22014707 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.09.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Revised: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/24/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A solid state fermentation (SSF) of sweet sorghum stalk to ethanol was conducted in 250-mL flask using thermotolerant Issatchenkia orientalis IPE 100, and the optimal operation parameters were determined as 42°C fermentation temperature, 75% (w/w) water content, 2mm particle size and 3% (w/w) inoculation rate in 250-mL conical flask. When the SSF was scaled up from the flask to a 10-L bioreactor, temperature gradient in the substrate bed was observed due to heat accumulation in the bioreactor. The temperature gradient was dependent on both substrate depth and operation temperature. Due to high thermotolerance of the strain IPE 100, a deep-bed SSF of sweet sorghum stalk was developed in the bioreactor. The highest ethanol yield of 0.25 g-ethanol/g-dry stalk was obtained at 37°C with 15-20 cm substrate depth in the bioreactor. These results provided a great potential for large-scale deep-bed SSF in practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Jin Kwon
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Brijwani K, Vadlani PV, Hohn KL, Maier DE. Experimental and theoretical analysis of a novel deep-bed solid-state bioreactor for cellulolytic enzymes production. Biochem Eng J 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2011.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
19
|
Fontenelle LT, Corgie SC, Walker LP. Abiotic and biotic dynamics during the initial stages of high solids switchgrass degradation. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2011; 32:1107-1120. [PMID: 21882563 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2010.528042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
An understanding of the underlying dynamics of how biotic variables drive changes in abiotic parameters in the early stages of biomass biodegradation is essential for better control of the process. Probe hybridization was used to quantitatively study the growth of bacteria, yeast and fungi for three levels of initial moisture content (60, 65 and 75% MC) over a period of 64 h. Changes in abiotic parameters were also documented. By 64 h, samples were significantly differentiated both in temporal and spatial dimension, proving that considerable changes had occurred in these initial stages. Maximum carbon (C) conversion occurred in the 75% MC reactor at a peak value of 49%, with 40% and 37% in the 65 and 60% MC reactors, respectively. Higher temperature, higher pH, higher rates of O2 consumption and CO2 evolution were also observed in the highest moisture reactor; suggesting that of the three MCs studied, 75% MC was the optimal one for the process. MC during the process also proved to be important because it greatly influenced variation in the spatial dimension, further underscoring the importance of characterizing changes with bed height. Most importantly, we were able to positively correlate the rate of substrate degradation with bacterial biomass levels and highlight the critical role of bacteria in biological decomposition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L T Fontenelle
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Fontenelle LT, Corgié SC, Walker LP. Integrating mixed microbial population dynamics into modeling energy transport during the initial stages of the aerobic composting of a switchgrass mixture. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:5162-5168. [PMID: 21334879 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Revised: 01/09/2011] [Accepted: 01/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A mathematical model which integrates empirically derived microbial growth kinetics with heat and mass transfer phenomena and substrate degradation kinetics has been developed to capture the dynamics of the aerobic composting of a switchgrass and dog food mixture over a period of 64 h. The model incorporated three microbial populations of yeasts, bacteria and fungi that metabolized composting material consisting of sugars and starches, cellulose and hemicelluloses to produce heat and utilize oxygen in a static, cylindrical reactor employing forced aeration. Model predictions captured well the dynamics obtained experimentally between physical and microbial variables and the model has the potential to become a predictive tool for substrate degradation during aerobic composting processes.
Collapse
|
21
|
Mazutti MA, Zabot G, Boni G, Skovronski A, Oliveira DD, Luccio MD, Rodrigues MI, Treichel H, Maugeri F. Kinetics of inulinase production by solid-state fermentation in a packed-bed bioreactor. Food Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
22
|
A model-based investigation of the potential advantages of multi-layer packed beds in solid-state fermentation. Biochem Eng J 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2009.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
23
|
Castilho LR, Mitchell DA, Freire DMG. Production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) from waste materials and by-products by submerged and solid-state fermentation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2009; 100:5996-6009. [PMID: 19581084 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.03.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2007] [Revised: 03/16/2009] [Accepted: 03/16/2009] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates are biodegradable polymers produced by prokaryotic organisms from renewable resources. The production of PHAs by submerged fermentation processes has been intensively studied over the last 30 years. In recent years, alternative strategies have been proposed, such as the use of solid-state fermentation or the production of PHAs in transgenic plants. This paper gives an overview of submerged and solid-state fermentation processes used to produce PHAs from waste materials and by-products. The use of these low-cost raw materials has the potential to reduce PHA production costs, because the raw material costs contribute a significant part of production costs in traditional PHA production processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leda R Castilho
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, COPPE, Chemical Engineering Program, Caixa Postal 68502, 21941-972 Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brazil.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Botella C, Diaz AB, Wang R, Koutinas A, Webb C. Particulate bioprocessing: A novel process strategy for biorefineries. Process Biochem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2009.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
25
|
Mo H, Zhu Y, Chen Z. Microbial fermented tea – a potential source of natural food preservatives. Trends Food Sci Technol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2007.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
26
|
|
27
|
Liu CQ, Chen QH, Cheng QJ, Wang JL, He GQ. Effect of cultivating conditions on alpha-galactosidase production by a novel Aspergillus foetidus ZU-G1 strain in solid-state fermentation. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2007; 8:371-6. [PMID: 17542067 PMCID: PMC1859882 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.2007.b0371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The work is intended to achieve optimum culture conditions of alpha-galactosidase production by a mutant strain Aspergillus foetidus ZU-G1 in solid-state fermentation (SSF). Certain fermentation parameters involving moisture content, incubation temperature, cultivation period of seed, inoculum volume, initial pH value, layers of pledget, load size of medium and period of cultivation were investigated separately. The optimal cultivating conditions of alpha-galactosidase production in SSF were 60% initial moisture of medium, 28 degrees C incubation temperature, 18 h cultivation period of seed, 10% inoculum volume, 5.0 approximately 6.0 initial pH of medium, 6 layers of pledget and 10 g dry matter loadage. Under the optimized cultivation conditions, the maximum alpha-galactosidase production was 2 037.51 U/g dry matter near the 144th hour of fermentation.
Collapse
|
28
|
Sahir AH, Kumar S, Kumar S. Modelling of a packed bed solid-state fermentation bioreactor using the N-tanks in series approach. Biochem Eng J 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2006.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
29
|
Fernández-Fernández M, Pérez-Correa JR. Realistic model of a solid substrate fermentation packed-bed pilot bioreactor. Process Biochem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2006.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
30
|
Pérez-Correa JR, Fernández-Fernández M. Predictive controller evaluation including non-stationary high frequency noise and outliers for batch solid substrate fermentation bioreactors. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2006; 29:399-407. [PMID: 17082913 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-006-0089-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2006] [Accepted: 09/29/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Optimum operation and automatic control of large-scale solid substrate fermentation (SSF) bioreactors is difficult. Though advanced control algorithms can handle most challenges encountered properly, for real-time SSF processes such controllers are expensive and time consuming to design and tune. With these considerations, advanced control algorithm tests using realistic simulations appear more appropriate. We used a phenomenological process model of an SSF pilot bioreactor, coupled with a realistic noise model, to test linear model predictive controllers. We focused on the effect noise has on the performance of the control algorithms, and how to enhance performance using a combination of low-pass (Butterworth) and outlier shaving (Hampel) filters. In simulations undertaken directly with the phenomenological model it was relatively straightforward to achieve good control performance. Nevertheless, control degraded sharply when the output of the phenomenological model was contaminated with noise using our realistic noise model, even with proper signal filtering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J R Pérez-Correa
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Bioprocesos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 306, Santiago 22, Chile.
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Khanahmadi M, Roostaazad R, Mitchell DA, Miranzadeh M, Bozorgmehri R, Safekordi A. Bed moisture estimation by monitoring of air stream temperature rise in packed-bed solid-state fermentation. Chem Eng Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2006.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
32
|
von Meien OF, Luz Jr LF, Mitchell DA, Ricardo Pérez-Correa J, Agosin E, Fernández-Fernández M, Arcas JA. Control strategies for intermittently mixed, forcefully aerated solid-state fermentation bioreactors based on the analysis of a distributed parameter model. Chem Eng Sci 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2004.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
33
|
Schutyser MAI, Briels WJ, Boom RM, Rinzema A. Combined discrete particle and continuum model predicting solid-state fermentation in a drum fermentor. Biotechnol Bioeng 2004; 86:405-13. [PMID: 15112293 DOI: 10.1002/bit.20076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The development of mathematical models facilitates industrial (large-scale) application of solid-state fermentation (SSF). In this study, a two-phase model of a drum fermentor is developed that consists of a discrete particle model (solid phase) and a continuum model (gas phase). The continuum model describes the distribution of air in the bed injected via an aeration pipe. The discrete particle model describes the solid phase. In previous work, mixing during SSF was predicted with the discrete particle model, although mixing simulations were not carried out in the current work. Heat and mass transfer between the two phases and biomass growth were implemented in the two-phase model. Validation experiments were conducted in a 28-dm3 drum fermentor. In this fermentor, sufficient aeration was provided to control the temperatures near the optimum value for growth during the first 45-50 hours. Several simulations were also conducted for different fermentor scales. Forced aeration via a single pipe in the drum fermentors did not provide homogeneous cooling in the substrate bed. Due to large temperature gradients, biomass yield decreased severely with increasing size of the fermentor. Improvement of air distribution would be required to avoid the need for frequent mixing events, during which growth is hampered. From these results, it was concluded that the two-phase model developed is a powerful tool to investigate design and scale-up of aerated (mixed) SSF fermentors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A I Schutyser
- Wageningen Centre for Food Sciences, P.O. Box 557, 6700 AN Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|