1
|
Bisirri EA, Wright TA, Schwartz DK, Kaar JL. Tuning Polymer Composition Leads to Activity-Stability Tradeoff in Enzyme-Polymer Conjugates. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:4033-4041. [PMID: 37610792 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Protein-polymer conjugation provides an opportune means to adjust the local environment of proteins and enhance protein stability, performance, and solubility. Although much attention has been focused on tuning protein-polymer interactions, the properties of polymer-modified proteins may also be altered by polymer-polymer interactions. Herein, we sought to better understand the influence of polymer-polymer interactions on Candida rugosa lipase, which was modified with random co-polymers composed of sulfobetaine methacrylate (SBMA) and poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (PEGMA). Our findings suggest that there is an apparent activity-stability tradeoff as a function of polymer composition. Specifically, as the ratio of SBMA to PEGMA increased, lipase stability was enhanced, whereas activity decreased. By tuning the monomer ratio, we showed that lipase productivity could be optimized. These findings are discussed in the context of complex enzyme-polymer and polymer-polymer interactions and ultimately may enable more informed conjugate designs and improved enzyme productivity in industrial biotransformations under harsh or extreme conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evan A Bisirri
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Thaiesha A Wright
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Daniel K Schwartz
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Joel L Kaar
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rabbani G, Ahmad E, Ahmad A, Khan RH. Structural features, temperature adaptation and industrial applications of microbial lipases from psychrophilic, mesophilic and thermophilic origins. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 225:822-839. [PMID: 36402388 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Microbial lipases are very prominent biocatalysts because of their ability to catalyze a wide variety of reactions in aqueous and non-aqueous media. Here microbial lipases from different origins (psychrophiles, mesophiles, and thermophiles) have been reviewed. This review emphasizes an update of structural diversity in temperature adaptation and industrial applications, of psychrophilic, mesophilic, and thermophilic lipases. The microbial origins of lipases are logically dynamic, proficient, and also have an extensive range of industrial uses with the manufacturing of altered molecules. It is therefore of interest to understand the molecular mechanisms of adaptation to temperature in occurring lipases. However, lipases from extremophiles (psychrophiles, and thermophiles) are widely used to design biotransformation reactions with higher yields, fewer byproducts, or useful side products and have been predicted to catalyze those reactions also, which otherwise are not possible with the mesophilic lipases. Lipases as a multipurpose biological catalyst have given a favorable vision in meeting the needs of several industries such as biodiesel, foods, and drinks, leather, textile, detergents, pharmaceuticals, and medicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gulam Rabbani
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202 002, India; Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ejaz Ahmad
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States of America
| | - Abrar Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rizwan Hasan Khan
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202 002, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen G, Zhang Q, Chen H, Lu Q, Miao M, Campanella OH, Feng B. In situ and real-time insight into Rhizopus chinensis lipase under high pressure and temperature: Conformational traits and biobehavioural analysis. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 154:1314-1323. [PMID: 31733249 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
An in situ and real-time investigation was performed using an optical cell system and in-silico analysis to reveal the impacts of pressure and temperature on the conformational state and behaviours of Rhizopus chinensis lipase (RCL). The fluorescence intensity (FI) of RCL increased remarkably under high pressure, and part of this increase was recovered after depressurization. This result displayed the partially reversible conformational change of RCL, which may be associated with the local change of Trp224 near the catalytic centre. High temperature caused a significant loss of secondary structure, whereas the α-helical segments including the lid were preserved by high pressure even at temperatures over 60 °C. The parameters of enzymatic reaction monitored by UV showed that the hydrolysis rate was remarkably enhanced by the pressure of 200 MPa. In the pressure range of 0.1-200 MPa, the active volume measured by the in situ system decreased from -2.85 to -6.73 mL/mol with the temperature increasing from 20 °C to 40 °C. The high catalytic capacity of the lipase under high pressure and high temperature was primarily attributed to pressure protection on RCL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, PR China; School of Food Science, Henan University of Technology, 100 Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, PR China
| | - Qiupei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Haitao Chen
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, PR China
| | - Qiyu Lu
- School of Food Science, Henan University of Technology, 100 Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, PR China
| | - Ming Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Osvaldo H Campanella
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, PR China; Department of Food Science and Technology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Biao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Structure solution and analyses of the first true lipase obtained from metagenomics indicate potential for increased thermostability. N Biotechnol 2019; 53:65-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
5
|
Ozyilmaz E, Cetinguney S, Yilmaz M. Encapsulation of lipase using magnetic fluorescent calix[4]arene derivatives; improvement of enzyme activity and stability. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 133:1042-1050. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.04.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
6
|
Dulcey CE, López de Los Santos Y, Létourneau M, Déziel E, Doucet N. Semi-rational evolution of the 3-(3-hydroxyalkanoyloxy)alkanoate (HAA) synthase RhlA to improve rhamnolipid production in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia glumae. FEBS J 2019; 286:4036-4059. [PMID: 31177633 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The 3-(3-hydroxyalkanoyloxy)alkanoate (HAA) synthase RhlA is an essential enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of HAAs in Pseudomonas and Burkholderia species. RhlA modulates the aliphatic chain length in rhamnolipids, conferring distinct physicochemical properties to these biosurfactants exhibiting promising industrial and pharmaceutical value. A detailed molecular understanding of substrate specificity and catalytic performance in RhlA could offer protein engineering tools to develop designer variants involved in the synthesis of novel rhamnolipid mixtures for tailored eco-friendly products. However, current directed evolution progress remains limited due to the absence of high-throughput screening methodologies and lack of an experimentally resolved RhlA structure. In the present work, we used comparative modeling and chimeric-based approaches to perform a comprehensive semi-rational mutagenesis of RhlA from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Our extensive RhlA mutational variants and chimeric hybrids between the Pseudomonas and Burkholderia homologs illustrate selective modulation of rhamnolipid alkyl chain length in both Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia glumae. Our results also demonstrate the implication of a putative cap-domain motif that covers the catalytic site of the enzyme and provides substrate specificity to RhlA. This semi-rational mutant-based survey reveals promising 'hot-spots' for the modulation of RL congener patterns and potential control of enzyme activity, in addition to uncovering residue positions that modulate substrate selectivity between the Pseudomonas and Burkholderia functional homologs. DATABASE: Model data are available in the PMDB database under the accession number PM0081867.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Eduardo Dulcey
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Université du Québec, Laval, Canada
| | - Yossef López de Los Santos
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Université du Québec, Laval, Canada
| | - Myriam Létourneau
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Université du Québec, Laval, Canada
| | - Eric Déziel
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Université du Québec, Laval, Canada
| | - Nicolas Doucet
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Université du Québec, Laval, Canada.,PROTEO, the Québec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering, and Applications, Université Laval, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Khan FI, Lan D, Durrani R, Huan W, Zhao Z, Wang Y. The Lid Domain in Lipases: Structural and Functional Determinant of Enzymatic Properties. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2017; 5:16. [PMID: 28337436 PMCID: PMC5343024 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2017.00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipases are important industrial enzymes. Most of the lipases operate at lipid–water interfaces enabled by a mobile lid domain located over the active site. Lid protects the active site and hence responsible for catalytic activity. In pure aqueous media, the lid is predominantly closed, whereas in the presence of a hydrophobic layer, it is partially opened. Hence, the lid controls the enzyme activity. In the present review, we have classified lipases into different groups based on the structure of lid domains. It has been observed that thermostable lipases contain larger lid domains with two or more helices, whereas mesophilic lipases tend to have smaller lids in the form of a loop or a helix. Recent developments in lipase engineering addressing the lid regions are critically reviewed here. After on, the dramatic changes in substrate selectivity, activity, and thermostability have been reported. Furthermore, improved computational models can now rationalize these observations by relating it to the mobility of the lid domain. In this contribution, we summarized and critically evaluated the most recent developments in experimental and computational research on lipase lids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faez Iqbal Khan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dongming Lan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , China
| | - Rabia Durrani
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , China
| | - Weiqian Huan
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , China
| | - Zexin Zhao
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , China
| | - Yonghua Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang R, Zhao L, Liu R. Deciphering the toxicity of bisphenol a to Candida rugosa lipase through spectrophotometric methods. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 163:40-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
9
|
Yang X, Jiang L, Jia Y, Hu Y, Xu Q, Xu X, Huang H. Counteraction of Trehalose on N, N-Dimethylformamide-Induced Candida rugosa Lipase Denaturation: Spectroscopic Insight and Molecular Dynamic Simulation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152275. [PMID: 27031946 PMCID: PMC4816565 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) has been widely used as a biocatalyst for non-aqueous synthesis in biotechnological applications, which, however, often suffers significant loss of activity in organic solvent. Experimental results show that trehalose could actively counteract the organic-solvent-induced protein denaturation, while the molecular mechanisms still don’t unclear. Herein, CRL was used as a model enzyme to explore the effects of trehalose on the retention of enzymatic activity upon incubation in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF). Results showed that both catalytic activity and conformation changes of CRL influenced by DMF solvent were inhibited by trehalose in a dose-dependent fashion. The simulations further indicated that the CRL protein unfolded in binary DMF solution, but retained the native state in the ternary DMF/trehalose system. Trehalose as the second osmolyte added into binary DMF solution decreased DMF-CRL hydrogen bonds efficiently, whereas increased the intermolecular hydrogen bondings between DMF and trehalose. Thus, the origin of its denaturing effects of DMF on protein is thought to be due to the preferential exclusion of trehalose as well as the intermolecular hydrogen bondings between trehalose and DMF. These findings suggest that trehalose protect the CRL protein from DMF-induced unfolding via both indirect and direct interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Ling Jiang
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
- * E-mail: (LJ); (HH)
| | - Yigang Jia
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Yi Hu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Qing Xu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Xian Xu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - He Huang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
- * E-mail: (LJ); (HH)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rivera-Perez C. Marine invertebrate lipases: Comparative and functional genomic analysis. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2015; 15:39-48. [PMID: 26114431 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Lipases are key enzymes involved in lipid digestion, storage and mobilization of reserves during fasting or heightened metabolic demand. This is a highly conserved process, essential for survival. The genomes of five marine invertebrate species with distinctive digestive system were screened for the six major lipase families. The two most common families in marine invertebrates, the neutral an acid lipases, are also the main families in mammals and insects. The number of lipases varies two-fold across analyzed genomes. A high degree of orthology with mammalian lipases was observed. Interestingly, 19% of the marine invertebrate lipases have lost motifs required for catalysis. Analysis of the lid and loop regions of the neutral lipases suggests that many marine invertebrates have a functional triacylglycerol hydrolytic activity as well as some acid lipases. A revision of the expression profiles and functional activity on sequences in databases and scientific literature provided information regarding the function of these families of enzymes in marine invertebrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Crisalejandra Rivera-Perez
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), La Paz, B.C.S. 23096, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
The Role of Lid in Protein-Solvent Interaction of the Simulated Solvent Stable Thermostable Lipase fromBacillusStrain 42 in Water-Solvent Mixtures. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2014. [DOI: 10.2478/v10133-009-0015-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
12
|
Hwang HT, Qi F, Yuan C, Zhao X, Ramkrishna D, Liu D, Varma A. Lipase-catalyzed process for biodiesel production: Protein engineering and lipase production. Biotechnol Bioeng 2013; 111:639-53. [PMID: 24284881 DOI: 10.1002/bit.25162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Revised: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Tae Hwang
- School of Chemical Engineering; Purdue University; 480 Stadium Mall Drive West Lafayette Indiana 47907
| | - Feng Qi
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Institute of Applied Chemistry; Tsinghua University; Beijing China
| | - Chongli Yuan
- School of Chemical Engineering; Purdue University; 480 Stadium Mall Drive West Lafayette Indiana 47907
| | - Xuebing Zhao
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Institute of Applied Chemistry; Tsinghua University; Beijing China
| | - Doraiswami Ramkrishna
- School of Chemical Engineering; Purdue University; 480 Stadium Mall Drive West Lafayette Indiana 47907
| | - Dehua Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Institute of Applied Chemistry; Tsinghua University; Beijing China
| | - Arvind Varma
- School of Chemical Engineering; Purdue University; 480 Stadium Mall Drive West Lafayette Indiana 47907
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Substitution of Val72 residue alters the enantioselectivity and activity of Penicillium expansum lipase. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 29:145-51. [PMID: 22972595 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-012-1167-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Error-prone PCR was used to create more active or enantioselective variants of Penicillium expansum lipase (PEL). A variant with a valine to glycine substitution at residue 72 in the lid structure exhibited higher activity and enantioselectivity than those of wild-type PEL. Site-directed saturation mutagenesis was used to explore the sequence-function relationship and the substitution of Val72 of P. expansum lipase changed both catalytic activity and enantioselectivity greatly. The variant V72A, displayed a highest enantioselectivity enhanced to about twofold for the resolution of (R, S)-naproxen (E value increased from 104 to 200.7 for wild-type PEL and V72A variant, respectively). In comparison to PEL, the variant V72A showed a remarkable increase in specific activity towards p-nitrophenyl palmitate (11- and 4-fold increase at 25 and 35 °C, respectively) whereas it had a decreased thermostability. The results suggest that the enantioselective variant V72A could be used for the production of pharmaceutical drugs such as enantiomerically pure (S)-naproxen and the residue Val 72 of P. expansum lipase plays a significant role in the enantioselectivity and activity of this enantioselective lipase.
Collapse
|
14
|
Hung KS, Chen SY, Liu HF, Tsai BR, Chen HW, Huang CY, Liao JL, Sun KH, Tang SJ. C-terminal region of Candida rugosa lipases affects enzyme activity and interfacial activation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:5396-5401. [PMID: 21504227 DOI: 10.1021/jf104721a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Candida rugosa contains several lipase (CRLs) genes, and CRLs show diverse enzyme activity despite being highly homologous across their entire protein family. Previous studies found that LIP4 has a high esterase activity and a low lipolytic activity and lacks interfacial activation. To investigate whether the C-terminal region of the CRLs mediates enzymatic activity, chimeras were generated in which the C-terminus of LIP4 from either residue 374, 396, 417, or 444 to residue 534 was swapped with the corresponding peptide from the isoform LIP1. A chimeric lipase containing the C-terminus from 396 to 534 of LIP1 on a LIP4 scaffold showed activity similar to that of commercial CRL on triolein, and lipolytic activity increased 2-6-fold over that of LIP4. Moreover, interfacial activation was also observed in the chimeric lipase. To improve its enzymatic properties, a novel glycosylation site was added at residue 314. The new glycosylated lipase showed improved thermostability and enhancement in enzymatic activity, indicating its potential for use in further application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Sheng Hung
- Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Exploring the conformational states and rearrangements of Yarrowia lipolytica Lipase. Biophys J 2011; 99:2225-34. [PMID: 20923657 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2010.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2010] [Revised: 07/02/2010] [Accepted: 07/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the 1.7 Å resolution crystal structure of the Lip2 lipase from Yarrowia lipolytica in its closed conformation. The Lip2 structure is highly homologous to known structures of the fungal lipase family (Thermomyces lanuginosa, Rhizopus niveus, and Rhizomucor miehei lipases). However, it also presents some unique features that are described and discussed here in detail. Structural differences, in particular in the conformation adopted by the so-called lid subdomain, suggest that the opening mechanism of Lip2 may differ from that of other fungal lipases. Because the catalytic activity of lipases is strongly dependent on structural rearrangement of this mobile subdomain, we focused on elucidating the molecular mechanism of lid motion. Using the x-ray structure of Lip2, we carried out extensive molecular-dynamics simulations in explicit solvent environments (water and water/octane interface) to characterize the major structural rearrangements that the lid undergoes under the influence of solvent or upon substrate binding. Overall, our results suggest a two-step opening mechanism that gives rise first to a semi-open conformation upon adsorption of the protein at the water/organic solvent interface, followed by a further opening of the lid upon substrate binding.
Collapse
|
16
|
Shu Z, Wu J, Xue L, Lin R, Jiang Y, Tang L, Li X, Huang J. Construction of Aspergillus niger lipase mutants with oil-water interface independence. Enzyme Microb Technol 2010; 48:129-33. [PMID: 22112821 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2010.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Revised: 10/25/2010] [Accepted: 10/31/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Based on previous bioinformational analytical results [Shu ZY, et al. Biotechnol Prog 2009;25:409-16], four A. niger lipase (ANL) mutants, ANL-Ser84Gly, ANL-Asp99Pro, ANL-Lys108Glu and ANL-EαH (obtained by replacing the lid domain of ANL with the corresponding domain from A. niger feruloyl esterase), were constructed to screen out ANL mutants with oil-water interface independence. ANL-S84G displayed a pronounced interfacial activation, while ANL-D99P and ANL-K108E displayed no interfacial activation. The specific activity of ANL-S84G towards p-nitrophenyl esters decreased from 29.8% to 76.5% compared with that of ANL, while the specific activity of ANL-D99P towards p-nitrophenyl palmitate increased 2.2-fold. The thermostability of ANL-K108E was almost unchanged, while the thermostability of ANL-S84G and ANL-D99P significantly decreased compared with that of ANL. The construction of oil-water interface-independent ANL mutants would help to further understand the mechanism of lipase interfacial activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyu Shu
- Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, PR China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bavaro T, Ubiali D, Brocca S, Rocchietti S, Nieto I, Pregnolato M, Lotti M, Terreni M. Recombinant lipase fromCandida rugosafor regioselective hydrolysis of peracetylated nucleosides. A comparison with commercial non-recombinant lipases. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2010. [DOI: 10.3109/10242420903497362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
18
|
Kourist R, Brundiek H, Bornscheuer UT. Protein engineering and discovery of lipases. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.200900143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
19
|
Insights into lid movements ofBurkholderia cepacialipase inferred from molecular dynamics simulations. Proteins 2009; 77:509-23. [DOI: 10.1002/prot.22462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
20
|
Kinetic modulation of Trichosporon asahii MSR 54 lipase in presence of organic solvents: Altered fatty acid specificity and reversal of enantio selectivity during hydrolytic reactions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2008.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
21
|
Boersma YL, Pijning T, Bosma MS, van der Sloot AM, Godinho LF, Dröge MJ, Winter RT, van Pouderoyen G, Dijkstra BW, Quax WJ. Loop Grafting of Bacillus subtilis Lipase A: Inversion of Enantioselectivity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 15:782-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2008.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2008] [Revised: 05/06/2008] [Accepted: 06/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
22
|
|
23
|
Domínguez de María P, Sánchez-Montero JM, Sinisterra JV, Alcántara AR. Understanding Candida rugosa lipases: an overview. Biotechnol Adv 2005; 24:180-96. [PMID: 16288844 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2005.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) is one of the enzymes most frequently used in biotransformations. However, there are some irreproducibility problems inherent to this biocatalyst, attributed either to differences in lipase loading and isoenzymatic profile or to other medium-engineering effects (temperature, a(w), choice of solvent, etc.). In addition, some other properties (influence of substrate and reaction conditions on the lid movement, differences in the glycosylation degree, post-translational modifications) should not be ruled out. In the present paper the recent developments published in the CRL field are overviewed, focusing on: (a) comparison of structural and biochemical data among isoenzymes (Lip1-Lip5), and their influence in the biocatalytical performance; (b) developments in fermentation technology to achieve new crude C. rugosa lipases; (c) biocatalytical reactivity of each isoenzyme, and methods for characterising them in crude CRL; (d) state-of-the-art of new applications performed with recombinant CRLs, both in CRL-second generation (wild-type recombinant enzymes), as well as in CRL-third generation, (mutants of the wt-CRL).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Domínguez de María
- Biotransformations Group, Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, Pza. Ramón y Cajal s/n. E-28040, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Shiraga S, Ishiguro M, Fukami H, Nakao M, Ueda M. Creation of Rhizopus oryzae lipase having a unique oxyanion hole by combinatorial mutagenesis in the lid domain. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2005; 68:779-85. [PMID: 15729555 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-005-1935-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2004] [Revised: 01/28/2005] [Accepted: 02/03/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Combinatorial libraries of the lid domain of Rhizopus oryzae lipase (ROL; Phe88Xaa, Ala91Xaa, Ile92Xaa) were displayed on the yeast cell surface using yeast cell-surface engineering. Among the 40,000 transformants in which ROL mutants were displayed on the yeast cell surface, ten clones showed clear halos on soybean oil-containing plates. Among these, some clones exhibited high activities toward fatty acid esters of fluorescein and contained non-polar amino acid residues in the mutated positions. Computer modeling of the mutants revealed that hydrophobic interactions between the substrates and amino acid residues in the open form of the lid might be critical for ROL activity. Based on these results, Thr93 and Asp94 were further combinatorially mutated. Among 6,000 transformants, the Thr93Thr, Asp94Ser and Thr93Ser, Asp94Ser transformants exhibited a significant shift in substrate specificity toward a short-chain substrate. Computer modeling of these mutants suggested that a unique oxyanion hole, which is composed of Thr85 Ogamma and Ser94 Ogamma, was formed and thus the substrate specificity was changed. Therefore, coupling combinatorial mutagenesis with the cell surface display of ROL could lead to the production of a unique ROL mutant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seizaburo Shiraga
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, kitashirakawa-oiwake-cho, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Commercial preparations of Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) are mixtures of lipase isoforms used for the hydrolysis and synthesis of various esters. The presence of variable isoforms and the amount of lipolytic protein in the crude lipase preparations lead to a lack of reproducibility of biocatalytic reactions. Purification of crude CRL improve their substrate specificity, enantioselectivity, stability, and specific activities. The expression of the isoforms is governed by culture or fermentation conditions. Unfortunately, the nonsporogenic yeast C. rugosa does not utilize the universal codon CTG for leucine; therefore, most of the CTG codons were converted to universal serine triplets by site-directed mutagenesis to gain expression of functional lipase in heterologous hosts. Recombinant expressions by multiple-site mutagenesis or complete synthesis of the lipase gene are other possible ways of obtaining pure and different CRL isoforms, in addition to culture engineering. Protein engineering of purified CRL isoforms allows the tailoring of enzyme function. This involves computer modeling based on available 3-D structures of lipase isoforms. Lid swapping and DNA shuffling techniques can be used to improve the enantioselectivity, thermostability, and substrate specificity of CRL isoforms and increase their biotechnological applications. Lid swapping can result in chimera proteins with new functions. The sequence of the lid can affect the activity and specificity of recombinant CRL isoforms. Candida rugosa lipase is toxicologically safe for food applications. Protein engineering through lid swapping and rationally designed site-directed mutagenesis will continue to lead to the production of CRL isoforms with improved catalytic power, thermostability, enantioselectivity, and substrate specificity, while providing evidence for the mechanisms of actions of the various isoforms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Casimir C Akoh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-7610, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|