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Armstrong A, Hernandez JA, Roth F, Bracewell DG, Farid SS, P C Marques M, Goldrick S. Development of temperature-controlled batch and 3-column counter-current protein A system for improved therapeutic purification. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1730:465110. [PMID: 38941794 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Maximizing product quality attributes by optimizing process parameters and performance attributes is a crucial aspect of bioprocess chromatography process design. Process parameters include but are not limited to bed height, eluate cut points, and elution pH. An under-characterized chromatography process parameter for protein A chromatography is process temperature. Here, we present a mechanistic understanding of the effects of temperature on the protein A purification of a monoclonal antibody (mAb) using a commercial chromatography resin for batch and continuous counter-current systems. A self-designed 3D-printed heating jacket controlled the 1 mL chromatography process temperature during the loading, wash, elution, and cleaning-in-place (CIP) steps. Batch loading experiments at 10, 20, and 30 °C demonstrated increased dynamic binding capacity (DBC) with temperature. The experimental data were fit to mechanistic and correlation-based models that predicted the optimal operating conditions over a range of temperatures. These model-based predictions optimized the development of a 3-column temperature-controlled periodic counter-current chromatography (TCPCC) and were validated experimentally. Operating a 3-column TCPCC at 30 °C led to a 47% increase in DBC relative to 20 °C batch chromatography. The DBC increase resulted in a two-fold increase in productivity relative to 20 °C batch. Increasing the number of columns to the TCPCC to optimize for increasing feed concentration resulted in further improvements to productivity. The feed-optimized TCPCC showed a respective two, three, and four-fold increase in productivity at feed concentrations of 1, 5, and 15 mg/mL mAb, respectively. The derived and experimentally validated temperature-dependent models offer a valuable tool for optimizing both batch and continuous chromatography systems under various operating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Armstrong
- Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Felix Roth
- Cell Culture and Fermentation Science, Biopharmaceuticals Development, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel G Bracewell
- Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Suzanne S Farid
- Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Marco P C Marques
- Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Goldrick
- Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom.
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2
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Lali N, Tsiatsiani L, Elffrink W, Kokke B, Satzer P, Dirksen E, Eppink M, Jungbauer A. An inert tracer: The binding site of a fluorescent dye on the antibody and its effects on Protein A chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1728:464995. [PMID: 38805895 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Fluorescently labeled antibodies are widely used to visualize the adsorption process in protein chromatography using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), but also as a tracer for determination of residence time distribution (RTD) in continuous chromatography. It is assumed that the labeled protein is inert and representative of the unlabeled antibody, ignoring the fact that labeling with a fluorescent dye can change the characteristics of the original molecule. It became evident that the fluorescently labeled antibody has a higher affinity toward protein A resins such as MabSelect Sure. This can be due to slight differences in hydrophobicity and net charge, which are caused by the addition of the fluorescent dye. However, this difference is eliminated when using high salt concentrations in the adsorption studies. In this work, the site occupancy of two labeled antibodies, MAb1 (IgG1 subclass) and MAb2 (IgG2 subclass) conjugated with the fluorescent dye Alexa Fluor™ 488 was elucidated by intact mass spectrometry (MS) and peptide mapping LC-MS/MS, employing a sequential cleavage with Endoproteinase Lys-C and trypsin and in parallel with chymotrypsin alone. It was shown that the main binding site for the dye was a specific lysine in the heavy chains of the MAb1 and MAb2 molecules, in positions 188 and 189 respectively. Other lysine residues distributed throughout the protein sequence were labeled to a lot lesser extent. The labeled antibody had a slightly different affinity to MabSelect Sure although its primary binding site (to Protein A) was not affected by labeling, despite the secondary region responsible for binding to the protein A was partly labeled. Overall, the fluorescent-labeled antibodies are a good compromise as an inert tracer in residence time distribution and chromatography studies because they are much cheaper than isotope-labeled antibodies; However, the differences between the labeled and unlabeled antibodies should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Lali
- ACIB- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Krenngasse 37, A-8010 Graz, Austria; Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Bas Kokke
- Byondis, Microweg 22, 6545 CM Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Satzer
- ACIB- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Krenngasse 37, A-8010 Graz, Austria; Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eef Dirksen
- Byondis, Microweg 22, 6545 CM Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Michel Eppink
- Byondis, Microweg 22, 6545 CM Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Alois Jungbauer
- ACIB- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Krenngasse 37, A-8010 Graz, Austria; Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
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3
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Soni H, Lako I, Placidi M, Cramer SM. Implications of AAV affinity column reuse and vector stability on product quality attributes. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024; 121:2449-2465. [PMID: 37485847 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the implications of AAV9 capsid design and column reuse on AAV9 vector product quality were assessed with POROS CaptureSelect (PCS) AAVX and AAV9 resins using sf9 insect cell-derived model AAV9 vectors with varying viral protein (VP) ratios. Chromatographic experiments with purified drug substance AAV9 model feeds indicated consistent vector elution profiles, independent of adeno-associated virus (AAV) VP ratio, or cycle number. In contrast, the presence of process impurities in the clarified lysate feeds resulted in clear changes in the elution patterns. This included increased aggregate content in the vector eluates over multiple cycles as well as clear differences in the performance of these affinity resin systems. The AAV9-serotype specific PCS AAV9 column, with lower vector elution pH, resulted in higher aggregate content over multiple cycles as compared to the serotype-independent PCS AAVX column. Further, the results with vectors of varying VP ratio indicated that while one vector type eluate displayed higher aggregation in both affinity columns over column reuse, the eluate with the other vector type did not exhibit changes in the aggregation profile. Interestingly, vector aggregates in the affinity eluates also contained double-stranded DNA impurities and histone proteins, with similar trends to the aggregate levels. This behavior upon column reuse indicates that these host cell impurities are likely carried over to subsequent runs due to incomplete clean-in-place (CIP). These results indicate that feed impurities, affinity resin characteristics, elution pH, column CIP, and vector stability can impact the reusability of AAV affinity columns and product quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshal Soni
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
| | - Ira Lako
- Voyager Therapeutics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Steven M Cramer
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
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4
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Wang FAS, Fan Y, Chung WK, Dutta A, Fiedler E, Haupts U, Peyser J, Kuriyel R. Evaluation of mild pH elution protein A resins for antibodies and Fc-fusion proteins. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1713:464523. [PMID: 38041974 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Protein A affinity chromatography is widely used as a capture step for monoclonal antibodies (mAb) and molecules that possess an Fc-domain, such as fusion proteins and bispecific antibodies. However, the use of low pH (3.0-4.0) to elute the molecule and achieve acceptable yield (>85 %) can lead to product degradation (e.g. fragmentation, aggregation) for molecules sensitive to low pH. In this paper, we describe a comprehensive evaluation of two protein A resins with ligands designed to elute at a milder pH as a result of modified sequences in their Fc and VH3 binding regions. One of the evaluated resins has been made commercially available by Purolite and named Praesto Jetted A50 HipH. Results demonstrated that Jetted A50 HipH could elute the Fc-fusion protein and most mAbs evaluated with an elution pH at or above 4.6. Elution and wash optimization determined run conditions for high recovery (>90 % monomer yield), reduction of high molecular weight (HMW) species (>50 %), and significant host cell protein (HCP) clearance at the mildest elution pH possible. For a pH-stable mAb and a pH-sensitive fusion protein, cell culture material was purified with optimized conditions and demonstrated the mild elution pH resins' ability to purify product with acceptable yield, comparable or better impurity clearance, and significantly milder native eluate pH compared to traditional resins. The benefits of the mild elution pH resins were clearly exemplified for the pH-sensitive protein, where a milder elution buffer and native eluate pH resulted in only 2 % HMW in the eluate that remained stable over 48 h. In contrast, a traditional protein A resin requiring low pH elution led to eluate HMW levels of 8 %, which increased to 16 % over the same hold time. Additionally, these resins have high dynamic binding capacity and allow the use of traditional HCP washes. Therefore, Jetted A50 HipH is an ideal candidate for a platform protein A resin and provides flexibility for pH-sensitive proteins and stable mAbs, while preserving product quality, recovery, and seamless integration into a downstream process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yamin Fan
- Process Biochemistry, Biogen, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Amit Dutta
- Research and Development, Repligen Corporation, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | | | | | - Jamie Peyser
- Research and Development, Repligen Corporation, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Ralf Kuriyel
- Research and Development, Repligen Corporation, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
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5
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Gehrmann N, Daxbacher A, Hahn R. Rapid purification of mAb using protein a membranes yielding high HCP clearance. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2024; 1232:123989. [PMID: 38154412 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Protein A chromatography remains the crucial step in mAb purification because of the high binding specificity and impurity clearance. In recent years, highly productive membrane adsorbers emerged as an alternative to traditional resins allowing for rapid purification of biomolecules. In this study, we tested three commercially available protein A membranes (Sartobind® Rapid A, HiTrap Fibro™ PrismA and GORE™ Protein Capture Device) regarding flow distribution, permeability and binding performance. As an application study using a cell-culture supernatant (CCS) containing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), acidic and high pH wash steps were investigated regarding recovery and impurity removal. All membranes proved their applicability as highly productive capture media leading to high HCP and DNA removal with no observable influence on recovery. GORE™ Protein Capture Device exhibited a superior flow distribution but revealed diffusional limitations at high flow rates. Sartobind® Rapid A and HiTrap Fibro™ PrismA showed binding capacities of ∼ 40 g/L even at residence times (RTs) < 12 s but were limited by hydrodynamics suggesting room for improvement with optimized membrane housing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Gehrmann
- Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering, Department of Biotechnology. University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Daxbacher
- Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering, Department of Biotechnology. University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rainer Hahn
- Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering, Department of Biotechnology. University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
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6
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Osuofa J, Husson SM. Comparative Evaluation of Commercial Protein A Membranes for the Rapid Purification of Antibodies. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:511. [PMID: 37233572 PMCID: PMC10220532 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13050511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Protein A chromatography is ubiquitous to antibody purification. The high specificity of Protein A for binding the Fc-region of antibodies and related products enables unmatched clearance of process impurities like host cell proteins, DNA, and virus particles. A recent development is the commercialization of research-scale Protein A membrane chromatography products that can perform capture step purification with short residence times (RT) on the order of seconds. This study investigates process-relevant performance and physical properties of four Protein A membranes: Purilogics Purexa™ PrA, Gore® Protein Capture Device, Cytiva HiTrap™ Fibro PrismA, and Sartorius Sartobind® Protein A. Performance metrics include dynamic binding capacity, equilibrium binding capacity, regeneration-reuse, impurity clearance, and elution volumes. Physical properties include permeability, pore diameter, specific surface area, and dead volume. Key results indicate that all membranes except the Gore® Protein Capture Device operate with flow rate-independent binding capacities; the Purilogics Purexa™ PrA and Cytiva HiTrap Fibro™ PrismA have binding capacities on par with resins, with orders of magnitude faster throughput; and dead volume and hydrodynamics play major roles in elution behavior. Results from this study will enable bioprocess scientists to understand the ways that Protein A membranes can fit into their antibody process development strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Scott M. Husson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
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7
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Nosrati M, Housaindokht MR. New insights into the effect of mutations on affibody-Fc interaction, a molecular dynamics simulation approach. J Struct Biol 2023; 215:107925. [PMID: 36470559 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2022.107925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcal protein A (SpA) domain B (the basis of affibody) has been widely used in affinity chromatography and found therapeutic applications against inflammatory diseases through targeting the Fc part of immunoglobulin G (IgG). We have performed extensive molecular dynamics simulation of 41 SpA mutants and compared their dynamics and conformations to wild type. The simulations revealed the molecular details of structural and dynamics changes that occurred due to introducing point mutations and helped to explain the SPR results. It was observed in some variants a point mutation caused extensive structural changes far from the mutation site, while an effect of some other mutations was limited to the site of the mutated residue. Also, the pattern of hydrogen bond networks and hydrophobic core arrangements were investigated. We figured out mutations that occurred at positions 128, 136, 150 and 153, affected two hydrophobic cores at the interface as well as mutations introduced at positions 129 and 154 interrupted two hydrogen bond networks of the interface, SPR data showed all of these mutations reduced binding affinity significantly. Overall, by scanning the SpA-Fc interface through the large numbers of introduced mutations, the new insights have been gained which would help to design high- affinity ligands of IgG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Nosrati
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, BMC, Uppsala, Sweden.
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8
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Calcium-dependent affinity ligands for the purification of antibody fragments at neutral pH. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1694:463902. [PMID: 36871527 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.463902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
The emerging formats of antibody fragments for biotherapeutics suffer from inadequate purification methods, delaying the advances of innovative therapies. One of the top therapeutic candidates, the single-chain variable fragment (scFv), requires the development of individual purification protocols dependent on the type of scFv. The available approaches that are based on selective affinity chromatography but do not involve the use of a purification tag, such as Protein L and Protein A chromatography, require acidic elution buffers. These elution conditions can cause the formation of aggregates and thereby greatly compromise the yield, which can be a major problem for scFvs that are generally unstable molecules. Due to the costly and time-consuming production of biological drugs, like antibody fragments, we have engineered novel purification ligands that elute the scFvs in a calcium-dependent manner. The developed ligands are equipped with new, selective binding surfaces and were shown to efficiently elute all captured scFv at neutral pH with the use of a calcium chelator. Further, two of three ligands were proven not to bind to the CDRs of the scFv, indicating potential for use as generic affinity ligands to a range of different scFvs. Multimerization and optimization of the most promising ligand led to a 3-fold increase in binding capacity for the hexamer compared to the monomer, in addition to highly selective and efficient purification of a scFv with >95% purity in a single purification step. This calcium-dependent ligand could revolutionize the scFv industry, greatly facilitating the purification procedure and improving the quality of the final product.
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9
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Effect of solution condition on the binding behaviors of monoclonal antibody and fusion protein therapeutics in Protein A chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1686:463652. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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10
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Monoclonal Antibody Sequence Variants Disguised as Fragments: Identification, Characterization, and Their Removal by Purification Process Optimization. J Pharm Sci 2022; 111:3009-3016. [PMID: 35940243 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
During early stage development of a therapeutic IgG1 monoclonal antibody, high levels of low molecular weight (LMW) peaks were observed by high performance size-exclusion chromatography and capillary electrophoresis. Further characterization of the LMW peak enriched HPSEC fractions using reversed phase liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry showed these LMW species were 47 kDa and 50 kDa in size. However, the measured masses could not be matched to any fragments resulting from peptide bond hydrolysis. To identify these unknown LMW species, molecular characterization methods were employed, including high-throughput sequencing of RNA. Transcriptomic analysis revealed the LMW species were generated by mis-splicing events in the heavy chain transcript, which produced truncated heavy chain products that assembled with the light chain to mimic the appearance of fragments identified by routine purity assays. In an effort to improve product quality, an optimized purification process was developed. Characterization of the process intermediates confirmed removal of both LMW species by the optimized process. Our study demonstrates that deep-dive analytical characterization of biotherapeutics is critical to ensure product quality and inform process development. Transcriptomic analysis tools can help identify the cause of unknown species, and plays a key role in product and process characterization.
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11
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Lali N, Satzer P, Jungbauer A. Residence Time Distribution in Counter-Current Protein A Affinity Chromatography Using an Inert Tracer. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1683:463530. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Ren J, Xiong H, Huang C, Ji F, Jia L. An engineered peptide tag-specific nanobody for immunoaffinity chromatography application enabling efficient product recovery at mild conditions. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1676:463274. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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13
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Putri DD, Poetri ON, Candra AA, Soejoedono RD. Production of hyperimmune serum against genotype VII Newcastle disease virus in rabbits with several applications. J Adv Vet Anim Res 2022; 9:211-220. [PMID: 35891669 PMCID: PMC9298101 DOI: 10.5455/javar.2022.i586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to produce hyperimmune serum against genotype VII Newcastle disease virus (NDV) with several applications. Materials and Methods Production of hyperimmune serum against genotype VII NDV was performed on eight New Zealand white rabbits divided into four groups. Rabbits were immunized three times on the 1st day, the 14th day, and the 30th day. Blood sampling was carried out on the 8th day after the third immunization. Results All groups showed the same pattern of hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titer results. HI titers would peak on the 5th or the 9th day after the second immunization, then decrease until the 3rd day after the third immunization, and increase again on the 5th day after the third immunization. Rabbits immunized intravenously showed higher HI titers than the other groups. These results indicate that the intravenous route for hyperimmune serum production against genotype VII Newcastle disease virus greatly affects the immune response result. Conclusions The production of hyperimmune serum by intravenous immunization three times was able to produce the highest titer of 210 at 38 days. The agar gel precipitation test and the Western blot assay showed that the hyperimmune serum was specific for the Newcastle disease antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dwi Desmiyeni Putri
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Politeknik Negeri Lampung, Lampung, Indonesia
| | - Okti Nadia Poetri
- Department of Clinic Reproduction and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, IPB University, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Agung Adi Candra
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Politeknik Negeri Lampung, Lampung, Indonesia
| | - Retno Damajanti Soejoedono
- Department of Clinic Reproduction and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, IPB University, West Java, Indonesia
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14
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Chu X, Yang X, Shi Q, Dong X, Sun Y. Kinetic and molecular insight into immunoglobulin G binding to immobilized recombinant protein A of different orientations. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1671:463040. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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15
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Weerasuriya DRK, Bhakta S, Hiniduma K, Dixit CK, Shen M, Tobin Z, He J, Suib SL, Rusling JF. Magnetic Nanoparticles with Surface Nanopockets for Highly Selective Antibody Isolation. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:6157-6166. [PMID: 35006880 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are key components of revolutionary disease immunotherapies and are also essential for medical diagnostics and imaging. The impact of cost is illustrated by a price >$200,000 per year per patient for mAb-based cancer therapy. Purification represents a major issue in the final cost of these immunotherapy drugs. Protein A (PrA) resins are widely used to purify antibodies, but resin cost, separation efficiency, reuse, and stability are major issues. This paper explores a synthesis strategy for low-cost, reusable, stable PrA-like nanopockets on core-shell silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) for IgG antibody isolation. Mouse IgG2a, a strong PrA binder, was used as a template protein, first attaching it stem-down onto the NP surface. The stem-down orientation of IgG2a on the NP surface before polymerization is critical for designing the films to bind IgGs. Following this, 1-tetraethoxysilane and four organosilane monomers with functional groups capable of mimicking binding interactions of proteins with IgG antibody stems were reacted to form a thin polymer coating on the NPs. After blocking nonspecific binding sites, removal of the mouse IgG2a provided nanopockets on the core-shell NPs that showed binding characteristics for antibodies remarkably similar to PrA. Both smooth and rough core-shell NPs were used, with the latter providing much larger binding capacities for IgGs, with an excellent selectivity slightly better than that of commercial PrA magnetic beads. This paper is the first report of IgG-binding NPs that mimic PrA selectivity. These nanopocket NPs can be used for at least 15 regeneration cycles, and cost/use was 57-fold less than a high-quality commercial PrA resin.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Randil K Weerasuriya
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Snehasis Bhakta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States.,Cooch Behar College, Cooch Behar Panchanan Barma University, Cooch Behar, West Bengal 736101, India
| | - Keshani Hiniduma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Chandra K Dixit
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States.,Lumos Diagnostics, Sarasota, Florida 34240, United States
| | - Min Shen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Zachary Tobin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Junkai He
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Steven L Suib
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States.,Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3136, United States
| | - James F Rusling
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States.,Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3136, United States.,Department of Surgery and Neag Cancer Center, Uconn Health, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, United States.,School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland at Galway, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
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16
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Shi M, Chen X, Sun Y, Kim HK, Schneewind O, Missiakas D. A protein A based Staphylococcus aureus vaccine with improved safety. Vaccine 2021; 39:3907-3915. [PMID: 34088508 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.05.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to Staphylococcus aureus does not lead to immunity as evidenced by the persistent colonization of one third of the human population. S. aureus immune escape is mediated by factors that preempt complement activation, destroy phagocytes, and modify B and T cell responses. One such factor, Staphylococcal protein A (SpA) encompasses five Immunoglobulin binding domains (IgBDs) that associate with the Fcγ domain to block phagocytosis. IgBDs also associate with Fab encoded by VH3 clan related genes. SpA binding to VH3-IgM that serves as a B cell receptor results in B cell expansion and secretion of antibodies with no specificity for S. aureus. SpA crosslinking of VH3-IgG and VH3-IgE bound to cognate receptors of mast cells and basophils promotes histamine release and anaphylaxis. Earlier work developed a prototype variant SpAKKAA with four amino acid substitutions in each IgBD. When tested in animal models, SpAKKAA elicited neutralizing antibodies and protection against infection. We show here that SpAKKAA retains crosslinking activity for VH3-IgG and VH3-IgE. We use a rational approach to design and test 67 new SpA variants for loss of VH3 binding and anaphylactic activities. We identify two detoxified candidates that elicit SpA-neutralizing antibodies and protect animals from S. aureus colonization and bloodstream infection. The new detoxified SpA candidates bear three instead of four amino acid substitutions thus increasing the development of SpA-specific antibodies. We propose that detoxified SpA variants unable to crosslink VH3-idiotypic immunoglobulin may be suitably developed as clinical-grade vaccines for safety and efficacy testing in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Shi
- Howard Taylor Ricketts Laboratory, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, United States
| | - Xinhai Chen
- Howard Taylor Ricketts Laboratory, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, United States
| | - Yan Sun
- Howard Taylor Ricketts Laboratory, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, United States
| | - Hwan Keun Kim
- Howard Taylor Ricketts Laboratory, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, United States
| | - Olaf Schneewind
- Howard Taylor Ricketts Laboratory, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, United States
| | - Dominique Missiakas
- Howard Taylor Ricketts Laboratory, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, United States.
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17
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Brechmann NA, Schwarz H, Eriksson PO, Eriksson K, Shokri A, Chotteau V. Antibody capture process based on magnetic beads from very high cell density suspension. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:3499-3510. [PMID: 33811659 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cell clarification represents a major challenge for the intensification through very high cell density in the production of biopharmaceuticals such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). The present report proposes a solution to this challenge in a streamlined process where cell clarification and mAb capture are performed in a single step using magnetic beads coupled with protein A. Capture of mAb from non-clarified CHO cell suspension showed promising results; however, it has not been demonstrated that it can handle the challenge of very high cell density as observed in intensified fed-batch cultures. The performances of magnetic bead-based mAb capture on non-clarified cell suspension from intensified fed-batch culture were studied. Capture from a culture at density larger than 100 × 106 cells/ml provided an adsorption efficiency of 99% and an overall yield of 93% with a logarithmic host cell protein (HCP) clearance of ≈2-3 and a resulting HCP concentration ≤≈5 ppm. These results show that direct capture from very high cell density cell suspension is possible without prior processing. This technology, which brings significant benefits in terms of operational cost reduction and performance improvements such as low HCP, can be a powerful tool alleviating the challenge of process intensification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils A Brechmann
- AdBIOPRO, VINNOVA Competence Centre for Advanced Bioproduction by Continuous Processing, Stockholm, Sweden.,Cell Technology Group (CETEG), Department of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hubert Schwarz
- AdBIOPRO, VINNOVA Competence Centre for Advanced Bioproduction by Continuous Processing, Stockholm, Sweden.,Cell Technology Group (CETEG), Department of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Kristofer Eriksson
- AdBIOPRO, VINNOVA Competence Centre for Advanced Bioproduction by Continuous Processing, Stockholm, Sweden.,R&D, MAGic Bioprocessing, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Atefeh Shokri
- AdBIOPRO, VINNOVA Competence Centre for Advanced Bioproduction by Continuous Processing, Stockholm, Sweden.,Cell Technology Group (CETEG), Department of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Véronique Chotteau
- AdBIOPRO, VINNOVA Competence Centre for Advanced Bioproduction by Continuous Processing, Stockholm, Sweden.,Cell Technology Group (CETEG), Department of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
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18
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Rincon Pabon JP, Kochert BA, Liu YH, Richardson DD, Weis DD. Protein A does not induce allosteric structural changes in an IgG1 antibody during binding. J Pharm Sci 2021; 110:2355-2361. [PMID: 33640336 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Affinity chromatography is widely used for antibody purification in biopharmaceutical production. Although there is evidence suggesting that affinity chromatography might induce structural changes in antibodies, allosteric changes in structure have not been well-explored. Here, we used hydrogen exchange-mass spectrometry (HX-MS) to reveal conformational changes in the NIST mAb upon binding with a protein A (ProA) matrix. HX-MS measurements of NIST mAb bound to in-solution and resin forms of ProA revealed regions of the CH2 and CH3 domains with increased protection from HX upon ProA binding, consistent with the known ProA binding region. In-solution ProA experiments revealed regions in the Fab with increased HX uptake when the ProA:mAb molar ratio was increased to 2:1, suggesting an allosterically induced increase in backbone flexibility. Such effects were not observed with lower ProA concentration (1:1 molar ratio) or when ProA resin was used, suggesting some kind of change in binding mode. Since all pharmaceutical processes use ProA bound to resin, our results rule out reversible allosteric effects on the NIST mAb during interaction with resin ProA. However, irreversible effects cannot be ruled out since the NIST mAb was previously exposed to ProA during its original purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan P Rincon Pabon
- Department of Chemistry and the Ralph N. Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Brent A Kochert
- Analytical Research & Development Mass Spectrometry, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Yan-Hui Liu
- Analytical Research & Development Mass Spectrometry, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Douglas D Richardson
- Analytical Research & Development Mass Spectrometry, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - David D Weis
- Department of Chemistry and the Ralph N. Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States.
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19
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Dyer R, Song Y, Chen J, Bigelow E, McGinnis J, Jenkins L, Ghose S, Li ZJ. Mechanistic insights into viral clearance during the chromatography steps in antibody processes by using virus surrogates. Biotechnol Prog 2021; 36:e3057. [PMID: 33405373 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Viral safety is required for biological products to treat human diseases, and the burden of inactivation and or virus removal lies on the downstream purification process. Minute virus of mice (MVM) is a nonenveloped parvovirus commonly used as the worst-case model virus in validation studies because of its small size and high chemical stability. In this study, we investigated the use of MVM-mock virus particle (MVP) and bacteriophage ΦX174 as surrogates for MVM to mimic viral clearance studies, with a focus on chromatography operations. Based on structural models and comparison of log reduction value among MVM, MVP, and ΦX174, it was demonstrated that MVP can be used as a noninfectious surrogate to assess viral clearance during process development in multiple chromatography systems in a biosafety level one (BSL-1) laboratory. Protein A (ProA) chromatography was investigated to strategically assess the impact of the resin, impurities, and the monoclonal antibody product on virus removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Dyer
- Biologics Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Devens, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yuanli Song
- Biologics Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Devens, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jie Chen
- Biologics Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Devens, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elizabeth Bigelow
- Biologics Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Devens, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jennifer McGinnis
- Biologics Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Devens, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lauren Jenkins
- Biologics Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Devens, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sanchayita Ghose
- Biologics Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Devens, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zheng Jian Li
- Biologics Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Devens, Massachusetts, USA
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20
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Wetterhall M, Ander M, Björkman T, Musunuri S, Palmgren R, Rodrigo G. Investigation of alkaline effects on Protein A affinity ligands and resins using high resolution mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1162:122473. [PMID: 33370685 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the enhanced alkaline stability of Protein A ligands and resins designed by protein engineering approaches is demonstrated. High throughput PreDictor™ plates were used to evaluate and compare the human Immunoglobulin G (IgG) static binding capacities (SBC) of MabSelect SuRe™ and MabSelect™ PrismA affinity chromatography (AC) resins after continuous incubation in 0.1-2.0 M NaOH for 1-72 h. The alkaline effect on the Protein A affinity ligand was studied by high resolution mass spectrometry (MS). The IgG binding capacity of the investigated AC resins show expected declining trends with increasing NaOH concentrations and incubation times. The decrease is larger for MabSelect SuRe than for MabSelect PrismA and occur at lower NaOH concentrations. MabSelect SuRe display high remaining binding capacity even after 72 h continuous incubation in 0.1 M NaOH, while higher concentrations induce an accentuated decline with incubation time. The MabSelect PrismA resin shows almost no effect on the binding capacity even after 72 h incubation in 0.5 M NaOH. Decline in capacity is first observed after 48 h incubation in 1.0 M NaOH, thus displaying the extreme alkaline stability of the PrismA affinity ligand. The MS analysis of the ligands, including a Protein A single B-domain, SuRe-domain and PrismA-domain clearly illustrate the increasing alkaline stability (B-domain < SuRe < PrismA) as the ligand has been refined using a protein engineering approach. Deamidation and ligand degradation could be monitored in relation to NaOH incubation conditions. Enzymatic digestion of MabSelect SuRe and MabSelect PrismA resins after alkaline incubation and LC-MS/MS peptide mapping facilitates identification and quantification of specific deamidation sites on the affinity ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mats Ander
- Cytiva, BioProcess, Björkgatan 30, SE-75184 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tomas Björkman
- Cytiva, BioProcess, Björkgatan 30, SE-75184 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | - Gustav Rodrigo
- Cytiva, BioProcess, Björkgatan 30, SE-75184 Uppsala, Sweden
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21
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Amritkar V, Adat S, Tejwani V, Rathore A, Bhambure R. Engineering Staphylococcal Protein A for high-throughput affinity purification of monoclonal antibodies. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 44:107632. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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22
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Hebditch M, Kean R, Warwicker J. Modelling of pH-dependence to develop a strategy for stabilising mAbs at acidic steps in production. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 18:897-905. [PMID: 32322371 PMCID: PMC7171260 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Engineered proteins are increasingly being required to function or pass through environmental stresses for which the underlying protein has not evolved. A major example in health are antibody therapeutics, where a low pH step is used for purification and viral inactivation. In order to develop a computational model for analysis of pH-stability, predictions are compared with experimental data for the relative pH-sensitivities of antibody domains. The model is then applied to proteases that have evolved to be functional in an acid environment, showing a clear signature for low pH-dependence of stability in the neutral to acidic pH region, largely through reduction of salt-bridges. Interestingly, an extensively acidic protein surface can maintain contribution to structural stabilisation at acidic pH through replacement of basic sidechains with polar, hydrogen-bonding groups. These observations form a design principle for engineering acid-stable proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Hebditch
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Ryan Kean
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Jim Warwicker
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
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23
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Salt-enhanced permeabilization for monoclonal antibody precipitation and purification in a tubular reactor with a depth filtration membrane with advanced chromatin extraction. Biochem Eng J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2019.107332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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24
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Pathak M, Lintern K, Johnson TF, Nair AM, Mukherji S, Bracewell DG, Rathore AS. Analytical tools for monitoring changes in physical and chemical properties of chromatography resin upon reuse. Electrophoresis 2019; 40:3074-3083. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mili Pathak
- Department of Chemical EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology New Delhi India
| | - Katherine Lintern
- Department of Biochemical EngineeringUniversity College London London United Kingdom
| | - Thomas F. Johnson
- Department of Biochemical EngineeringUniversity College London London United Kingdom
| | - Aswathy M. Nair
- Department of Biosciences and BioengineeringIndian Institute of Technology Bombay India
| | - Soumyo Mukherji
- Department of Biosciences and BioengineeringIndian Institute of Technology Bombay India
| | - Daniel G. Bracewell
- Department of Biochemical EngineeringUniversity College London London United Kingdom
| | - Anurag S. Rathore
- Department of Chemical EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology New Delhi India
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25
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Li Y, Stern D, Lock LL, Mills J, Ou SH, Morrow M, Xu X, Ghose S, Li ZJ, Cui H. Emerging biomaterials for downstream manufacturing of therapeutic proteins. Acta Biomater 2019; 95:73-90. [PMID: 30862553 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Downstream processing is considered one of the most challenging phases of industrial manufacturing of therapeutic proteins, accounting for a large portion of the total production costs. The growing demand for therapeutic proteins in the biopharmaceutical market in addition to a significant rise in upstream titers have placed an increasing burden on the downstream purification process, which is often limited by high cost and insufficient capacities. To achieve efficient production and reduced costs, a variety of biomaterials have been exploited to improve the current techniques and also to develop superior alternatives. In this work, we discuss the significance of utilizing traditional biomaterials in downstream processing and review the recent progress in the development of new biomaterials for use in protein separation and purification. Several representative methods will be highlighted and discussed in detail, including affinity chromatography, non-affinity chromatography, membrane separations, magnetic separations, and precipitation/phase separations. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Nowadays, downstream processing of therapeutic proteins is facing great challenges created by the rapid increase of the market size and upstream titers, starving for significant improvements or innovations in current downstream unit operations. Biomaterials have been widely used in downstream manufacturing of proteins and efforts have been continuously devoted to developing more advanced biomaterials for the implementation of more efficient and economical purification methods. This review covers recent advances in the development and application of biomaterials specifically exploited for various chromatographic and non-chromatographic techniques, highlighting several promising alternative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
| | - David Stern
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
| | - Lye Lin Lock
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Devens, MA 01434, United States
| | - Jason Mills
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Devens, MA 01434, United States
| | - Shih-Hao Ou
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
| | - Marina Morrow
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
| | - Xuankuo Xu
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Devens, MA 01434, United States.
| | - Sanchayita Ghose
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Devens, MA 01434, United States
| | - Zheng Jian Li
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Devens, MA 01434, United States
| | - Honggang Cui
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States; Department of Oncology and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States.
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26
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Chromatographic behavior of bivalent bispecific antibodies on cation exchange columns. II. Biomolecular perspectives. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1601:133-144. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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27
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Antibody Binding Heterogeneity of Protein A Resins. Biotechnol J 2019; 14:e1800632. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201800632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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28
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Li Y. A brief introduction of IgG-like bispecific antibody purification: Methods for removing product-related impurities. Protein Expr Purif 2019; 155:112-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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29
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Brechmann NA, Eriksson PO, Eriksson K, Oscarsson S, Buijs J, Shokri A, Hjälm G, Chotteau V. Pilot-scale process for magnetic bead purification of antibodies directly from non-clarified CHO cell culture. Biotechnol Prog 2019; 35:e2775. [PMID: 30629859 PMCID: PMC6617771 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
High capacity magnetic protein A agarose beads, LOABeads PrtA, were used in the development of a new process for affinity purification of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from non‐clarified CHO cell broth using a pilot‐scale magnetic separator. The LOABeads had a maximum binding capacity of 65 mg/mL and an adsorption capacity of 25–42 mg IgG/mL bead in suspension for an IgG concentration of 1 to 8 g/L. Pilot‐scale separation was initially tested in a mAb capture step from 26 L clarified harvest. Small‐scale experiments showed that similar mAb adsorptions were obtained in cell broth containing 40 × 106 cells/mL as in clarified supernatant. Two pilot‐scale purification runs were then performed on non‐clarified cell broth from fed‐batch runs of 16 L, where a rapid mAb adsorption ≥96.6% was observed after 1 h. This process using 1 L of magnetic beads had an overall mAb yield of 86% and 16 times concentration factor. After this single protein A capture step, the mAb purity was similar to the one obtained by column chromatography, while the host cell protein content was very low, <10 ppm. Our results showed that this magnetic bead mAb purification process, using a dedicated pilot‐scale separation device, was a highly efficient single step, which directly connected the culture to the downstream process without cell clarification. Purification of mAb directly from non‐clarified cell broth without cell separation can provide significant savings in terms of resources, operation time, and equipment, compared to legacy procedure of cell separation followed by column chromatography step. © 2019 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 35: e2775, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils A Brechmann
- AdBIOPRO, VINNOVA Competence Centre for Advanced BioProduction by Continuous Processing, Stockholm, Sweden.,Cell Technology Group (CETEG), Dept. of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Inst. of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Kristofer Eriksson
- AdBIOPRO, VINNOVA Competence Centre for Advanced BioProduction by Continuous Processing, Stockholm, Sweden.,Lab-on-a-Bead AB, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sven Oscarsson
- Dept. of Organic Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jos Buijs
- Dept. of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Atefeh Shokri
- AdBIOPRO, VINNOVA Competence Centre for Advanced BioProduction by Continuous Processing, Stockholm, Sweden.,Cell Technology Group (CETEG), Dept. of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Inst. of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Göran Hjälm
- AdBIOPRO, VINNOVA Competence Centre for Advanced BioProduction by Continuous Processing, Stockholm, Sweden.,Lab-on-a-Bead AB, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Véronique Chotteau
- AdBIOPRO, VINNOVA Competence Centre for Advanced BioProduction by Continuous Processing, Stockholm, Sweden.,Cell Technology Group (CETEG), Dept. of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Inst. of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
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30
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Pan C, Becerra-Arteaga A, Tran B, Chinn M, Wang H, Chen Q, Lutz H, Zhang M. Characterizing and enhancing virus removal by protein A chromatography. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:846-856. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chinwei Pan
- Genentech Inc.; South San Francisco California
| | | | | | | | - Hua Wang
- Genentech Inc.; South San Francisco California
| | - Qi Chen
- Genentech Inc.; South San Francisco California
| | - Herb Lutz
- EMD Millipore Corporation; Burlington Massachusetts
| | - Min Zhang
- Genentech Inc.; South San Francisco California
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31
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L Silva G, Plewka J, Lichtenegger H, Dias-Cabral AC, Jungbauer A, Tscheließnig R. The pearl necklace model in protein A chromatography: Molecular mechanisms at the resin interface. Biotechnol Bioeng 2018; 116:76-86. [PMID: 30252938 PMCID: PMC6587469 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcal protein A chromatography is an established core technology for monoclonal antibody purification and capture in the downstream processing. MabSelect SuRe involves a tetrameric chain of a recombinant form of the B domain of staphylococcal protein A, called the Z-domain. Little is known about the stoichiometry, binding orientation, or preferred binding. We analyzed small-angle X-ray scattering data of the antibody-protein A complex immobilized in an industrial highly relevant chromatographic resin at different antibody concentrations. From scattering data, we computed the normalized radial density distributions. We designed three-dimensional (3D) models with protein data bank crystallographic structures of an IgG1 (the isoform of trastuzumab, used here; Protein Data Bank: 1HZH) and the staphylococcal protein A B domain (the native form of the recombinant structure contained in MabSelect SuRe resin; Protein Data Bank: 1BDD). We computed different binding conformations for different antibody to protein A stoichiometries (1:1, 2:1, and 3:1) and compared the normalized radial density distributions computed from 3D models with those obtained from the experimental data. In the linear range of the isotherm we favor a 1:1 ratio, with the antibody binding to the outer domains in the protein A chain at very low and high concentrations. In the saturation region, a 2:1 ratio is more likely to occur. A 3:1 stoichiometry is excluded because of steric effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goncalo L Silva
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,Department of Chemistry, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,Department of Biotechnology, Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jacek Plewka
- Department of Biotechnology, Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Material Science and Process Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Helga Lichtenegger
- Department of Biotechnology, Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Material Science and Process Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ana C Dias-Cabral
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,Department of Chemistry, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Alois Jungbauer
- Department of Biotechnology, Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rupert Tscheließnig
- Department of Biotechnology, Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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Rühl C, Knödler M, Opdensteinen P, Buyel JF. A linear epitope coupled to DsRed provides an affinity ligand for the capture of monoclonal antibodies. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1571:55-64. [PMID: 30104060 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) dominate the market for biopharmaceutical proteins because they provide active and passive immunotherapies for many different diseases. However, for most mAbs, two expensive manufacturing platforms are required. These are mammalian cell cultures for upstream production and Protein A chromatography for product capture during downstream processing. Here we describe a novel affinity ligand based on the fluorescent protein DsRed as a carrier for the linear epitope ELDKWA, which can capture the HIV-neutralizing antibody 2F5. We produced the DsRed-2F5-Epitope (DFE) in transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants and purified it using a combination of heat treatment and immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography, resulting in a yield of 24 mg kg-1 at 90% purity. Using a design-of-experiments approach, we coupled up to 15 mg DFE per mL Sepharose. The resulting affinity resin was able to capture 2F5 from the clarified extract of N. benthamiana plants, achieving a purity of 97%, a recovery of >95% and an initial dynamic binding capacity at 10% product breakthrough of 4 mg mL-1 after a contact time of 2 min. The resin capacity declined to 15% of the starting value within 25 cycles when 1.25 M magnesium chloride was used for elution. We confirmed the binding activity of the 2F5 product by surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy. DFE is not yet optimized, and a cost analysis revealed that boosting DFE expression and increasing its capacity by fourfold will make the resin cost-competitive with some Protein A counterparts. The affinity resin can also be exploited to purify idiotype-specific mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rühl
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Forckenbeckstraße 6, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - M Knödler
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Forckenbeckstraße 6, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - P Opdensteinen
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Forckenbeckstraße 6, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - J F Buyel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Forckenbeckstraße 6, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, Worringerweg 1, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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33
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Covalent Immobilization of Protein A on Chitosan and Aldehyde Double-Branched Chitosan as Biocompatible Carriers for Immunoglobulin G (Igg) Purification. J Chromatogr Sci 2018; 56:933-940. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmy070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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34
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Putri DD, Handharyani E, Soejoedono RD, Setiyono A, Poetri ON. Production and characterization of Newcastle disease antibody as a reagent to develop a rapid immunodiagnostic test tool. Vet World 2018; 11:895-901. [PMID: 30147256 PMCID: PMC6097559 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.895-901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM This research was conducted to produce and characterize ND antibody as reagent candidate to develop a rapid immunodiagnostic test tool. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four New Zealand White rabbits were used in this study and divided into two groups. First group was injected by Sato ND antigen, and second group was injected by genotype VII ND antigen. This study is divided into three steps: (a) ND antibody production, (b) ND antibody purification, and (c) ND antibody characterization. First group was rabbit injected by Sato NDV (5×108.25 egg lethal doses (ELD)50/ml) and second group was injected by genotype VII NDV (5×106.5 ELD50/ml). Antigen induction was performed by subcutaneous administrated for first (day 1) and second (day 14) injection and intravenous administrated for third (day 30) injection. Blood was collected on day 8 after third injection. RESULTS Antibody production increased on second antigen injection and reached a peak on day 9 after second antigen injection. Sato and genotype VII ND antibody can be produced without adjuvant within 38 days with the highest titer 210. Based on antibody titer data, both antigens induced antibody production in a similar trend. The characterization antibody by SDS-PAGE indicated that molecular weight of immunoglobulin G (IgG) is 154.93 kDa (whole IgG), heavy chain 54.39 kDa, and light chain 27.74 kDa. ND antibodies have specificity to homologous and heterologous NDVs in varying virulence. CONCLUSION Sato and genotype VII ND antibodies have been successfully produced within 38 days without adjuvant. Specificity of ND antibodies to NDVs in varying virulence and cross-reaction between Sato ND antibody and genotype VII ND antibody indicates that the characterized ND antibodies can be used as a reagent to develop rapid immunodiagnostic test tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dwi Desmiyeni Putri
- Study Program of Animal Husbandry, Department of Animal Husbandry, State Polytechnic of Lampung, Indonesia
| | - Ekowati Handharyani
- Department of Veterinary Clinic Reproduction and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia
| | - Retno Damajanti Soejoedono
- Department of Animal Diseases and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia
| | - Agus Setiyono
- Department of Veterinary Clinic Reproduction and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia
| | - Okti Nadia Poetri
- Department of Animal Diseases and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia
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Pabst TM, Thai J, Hunter AK. Evaluation of recent Protein A stationary phase innovations for capture of biotherapeutics. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1554:45-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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36
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Application of enhanced electronegative multimodal chromatography as the primary capture step for immunoglobulin G purification. AMB Express 2018; 8:93. [PMID: 29858705 PMCID: PMC5984612 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-018-0622-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent studies, electronegative multimodal chromatography with Eshmuno HCX was demonstrated to be a highly promising recovery step for direct immunoglobulin G (IgG) capture from undiluted cell culture fluid. In this study, the binding properties of HCX to IgG at different pH/salt combinations were systematically studied, and its purification performance was significantly enhanced by lowering the washing pH and conductivity after high capacity binding of IgG under its optimal conditions. A single polishing step gave an end-product with non-histone host cell protein (nh-HCP) below 1 ppm, DNA less than 1 ppb, which aggregates less than 0.5% and an overall IgG recovery of 86.2%. The whole non-affinity chromatography based two-column-step process supports direct feed loading without buffer adjustment, thus extraordinarily boosting the overall productivity and cost-savings.
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37
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Tustian AD, Laurin L, Ihre H, Tran T, Stairs R, Bak H. Development of a novel affinity chromatography resin for platform purification of bispecific antibodies with modified protein a binding avidity. Biotechnol Prog 2018; 34:650-658. [PMID: 29464924 PMCID: PMC6099419 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
There is strong interest in the production of bispecific monoclonal antibodies that can simultaneously bind two distinct targets or epitopes to achieve novel mechanisms of action and efficacy. Regeneron's bispecific technology, based upon a standard IgG, consists of a heterodimer of two different heavy chains, and a common light chain. Coexpression of two heavy chains leads to the formation of two parental IgG impurities, the removal of which is facilitated by a dipeptide substitution in the Fc portion of one of the heavy chains that ablates Fc Protein A binding. Therefore, the affinity capture (Protein A) step of the purification process must perform both bulk capture and high resolution of these mAb impurities, a task current commercially available resins are not designed for. Resolution can be further impaired by the ability of Protein A to bind some antibodies in the variable region of the heavy chain (VH ). This article details development of a novel Protein A resin. This resin combines an alkali stable ligand with a base matrix exhibiting excellent mass transfer properties to allow high capacity single step capture and resolution of bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) with high yields. The developed resin, named MabSelect SuRe™ pcc, is implemented in GMP production processes for several bsAbs. © 2018 The Authors Biotechnology Progress published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 34:650-658, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Travis Tran
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY, 10591
| | - Robert Stairs
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY, 10591
| | - Hanne Bak
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY, 10591
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38
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Srinivasan K, Sorci M, Sejergaard L, Ranjan S, Belfort G, Cramer SM. Protein Binding Kinetics in Multimodal Systems: Implications for Protein Separations. Anal Chem 2018; 90:2609-2617. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kartik Srinivasan
- Howard P. Isermann
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Mirco Sorci
- Howard P. Isermann
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Lars Sejergaard
- Howard P. Isermann
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Swarnim Ranjan
- Howard P. Isermann
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Georges Belfort
- Howard P. Isermann
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Steven M. Cramer
- Howard P. Isermann
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
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39
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Inomata E, Tashiro E, Miyakawa S, Nakamura Y, Akita K. Alkaline-tolerant RNA aptamers useful to purify acid-sensitive antibodies in neutral conditions. Biochimie 2017; 145:113-124. [PMID: 29104137 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2017.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Recently, several oligonucleotides have been launched for clinical use and a number of therapeutic oligonucleotides are under clinical trials. Aptamer is one of the oligonucleotide therapeutics and has received a lot of attention as a new technology and an efficacious pharmaceutical compound comparable to antibody. Aptamer could be used for various purposes, not only therapeutics but also diagnostics, and applicable to affinity chromatography as a carrier molecule to purify proteins of interest. Here we demonstrate the usage and advantages of RNA aptamer to Fc region of human IgG (i.e., IgG aptamer) for purification of human antibodies. IgG aptamer requires divalent cations for binding to IgG and bound IgG dissociates easily upon treatment with chelating reagent, such as EDTA, under neutral conditions. This elution step is very mild and advantageous for maintaining active conformations of therapeutic antibodies compared to the widely used affinity purification with Protein A/G, which requires acidic elution that often damages the active conformation of antibodies. In fact, of several monoclonal antibodies tested, three antibodies were prone to aggregate on acidic elution from the Protein A/G resin, while remained fully active upon neutral elution from the IgG aptamer resin. The IgG aptamer was fully manipulated to alkaline resistant by ribose 2'-modifications, and thereby reusable numerous times with 1 N NaOH washing. The capacity of the aptamer resin to bind IgG was equivalent to that of the Protein A/G resin. Therefore, the IgG aptamer will provide us with a unique tool to uncover and purify human monoclonal antibodies, which hold therapeutic potential but lose the activity upon acidic elution from Protein A/G-based affinity resin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yoshikazu Nakamura
- RIBOMIC Inc., Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0071, Japan; The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
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40
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DiLeo M, Ley A, Nixon AE, Chen J. Choices of capture chromatography technology in antibody manufacturing processes. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1068-1069:136-148. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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41
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Swartz AR, Xu X, Traylor SJ, Li ZJ, Chen W. One‐step affinity capture and precipitation for improved purification of an industrial monoclonal antibody using Z‐ELP functionalized nanocages. Biotechnol Bioeng 2017; 115:423-432. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R. Swartz
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringUniversity of DelawareNewarkDelaware
| | - Xuankuo Xu
- Biologics Process DevelopmentBristol Myers SquibbDevensMassachusetts
| | - Steven J. Traylor
- Biologics Process DevelopmentBristol Myers SquibbDevensMassachusetts
| | - Zheng J. Li
- Biologics Process DevelopmentBristol Myers SquibbDevensMassachusetts
| | - Wilfred Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringUniversity of DelawareNewarkDelaware
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42
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Srinivasan K, Banerjee S, Parimal S, Sejergaard L, Berkovich R, Barquera B, Garde S, Cramer SM. Single Molecule Force Spectroscopy and Molecular Dynamics Simulations as a Combined Platform for Probing Protein Face-Specific Binding. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:10851-10860. [PMID: 28949551 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b03011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Biomolecular interactions frequently occur in orientation-specific manner. For example, prior nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy experiments in our lab have suggested the presence of a group of strongly binding residues on a particular face of the protein ubiquitin for interactions with Capto MMC multimodal ligands ("Capto" ligands) (Srinivasan, K.; et al. Langmuir 2014, 30 (44), 13205-13216). We present a clear confirmation of those studies by performing single-molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS) measurements of unbinding complemented with molecular dynamics (MD) calculations of the adsorption free energy of ubiquitin in two distinct orientations with self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) functionalized with "Capto" ligands. These orientations were maintained in the SMFS experiments by tethering ubiquitin mutants to SAM surfaces through strategically located cysteines, thus exposing the desired faces of the protein. Analogous orientations were maintained in MD simulations using suitable constraining methods. Remarkably, despite differences between the finer details of experimental and simulation methodologies, they confirm a clear preference for the previously hypothesized binding face of ubiquitin. Furthermore, MD simulations provided significant insights into the mechanism of protein binding onto this multimodal surface. Because SMFS and MD simulations both directly probe protein-surface interactions, this work establishes a key link between experiments and simulations at molecular scale through the determination of protein face-specific binding energetics. Our approach may have direct applications in biophysical systems where face- or orientation-specific interactions are important, such as biomaterials, sensors, and biomanufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartik Srinivasan
- Howard P. Isermann Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York 12180, United States
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Suvrajit Banerjee
- Howard P. Isermann Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York 12180, United States
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Siddharth Parimal
- Howard P. Isermann Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York 12180, United States
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Lars Sejergaard
- Howard P. Isermann Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York 12180, United States
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Ronen Berkovich
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University , Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Blanca Barquera
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York 12180, United States
- Department of Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Shekhar Garde
- Howard P. Isermann Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York 12180, United States
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Steven M Cramer
- Howard P. Isermann Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York 12180, United States
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York 12180, United States
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Weinberg J, Zhang S, Crews G, Healy E, Carta G, Przybycien T. Polyclonal and monoclonal IgG binding on protein A resins—Evidence of competitive binding effects. Biotechnol Bioeng 2017; 114:1803-1812. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Justin Weinberg
- Department of Chemical EngineeringCarnegie Mellon University5000 Forbes AvenuePittsburghPennsylvania 15213
| | - Shaojie Zhang
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Virginia102 Engineers’ WayCharlottesvilleVirginia 22904
| | - Gillian Crews
- Department of Chemical EngineeringCarnegie Mellon University5000 Forbes AvenuePittsburghPennsylvania 15213
| | - Edward Healy
- Department of Chemical EngineeringCarnegie Mellon University5000 Forbes AvenuePittsburghPennsylvania 15213
| | - Giorgio Carta
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Virginia102 Engineers’ WayCharlottesvilleVirginia 22904
| | - Todd Przybycien
- Department of Chemical EngineeringCarnegie Mellon University5000 Forbes AvenuePittsburghPennsylvania 15213
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44
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Swartz AR, Sun Q, Chen W. Ligand-Induced Cross-Linking of Z-Elastin-like Polypeptide-Functionalized E2 Protein Nanoparticles for Enhanced Affinity Precipitation of Antibodies. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:1654-1659. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R. Swartz
- Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Qing Sun
- Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Wilfred Chen
- Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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45
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Zhang J, Siva S, Caple R, Ghose S, Gronke R. Maximizing the functional lifetime of Protein A resins. Biotechnol Prog 2017; 33:708-715. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sethu Siva
- Process Biochemistry, Biogen, Research Triangle Park NC
| | - Ryan Caple
- Process Biochemistry, Biogen, Research Triangle Park NC
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46
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Yada T, Nonaka K, Yabuta M, Yoshimoto N, Yamamoto S. Choosing the right protein A affinity chromatography media can remove aggregates efficiently. Biotechnol J 2016; 12. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201600427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomokazu Yada
- Biologics Research Laboratories; R&D division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd; Oura-gun Japan
| | - Koichi Nonaka
- Biologics Research Laboratories; R&D division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd; Oura-gun Japan
| | - Masayuki Yabuta
- Biologics Research Laboratories; R&D division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd; Oura-gun Japan
| | - Noriko Yoshimoto
- Bio-Process Engineering Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering Center(YUBEC); Yamaguchi University; Ube Japan
| | - Shuichi Yamamoto
- Bio-Process Engineering Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering Center(YUBEC); Yamaguchi University; Ube Japan
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47
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Chen Q, Abdul Latiff SM, Toh P, Peng X, Hoi A, Xian M, Zhang H, Nian R, Zhang W, Gagnon P. A simple and efficient purification platform for monoclonal antibody production based on chromatin-directed cell culture clarification integrated with precipitation and void-exclusion anion exchange chromatography. J Biotechnol 2016; 236:128-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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48
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Pathak M, Rathore AS. Mechanistic understanding of fouling of protein A chromatography resin. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1459:78-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.06.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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49
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Oriented Covalent Immobilization of Engineered ZZ-Cys onto Maleimide-Sepharose: An Affinity Platform for IgG Purification. Chromatographia 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-016-3146-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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50
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Bolton GR, Mehta KK. The role of more than 40 years of improvement in protein A chromatography in the growth of the therapeutic antibody industry. Biotechnol Prog 2016; 32:1193-1202. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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