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Onbas R, Arslan Yıldız A. Biopatterning of 3D Cellular Model by Contactless Magnetic Manipulation for Cardiotoxicity Screening. Tissue Eng Part A 2023. [PMID: 37974427 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2023.0197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Patterning cells to create 3D cell culture models by magnetic manipulation is a promising technique, which is rapid, simple, and cost-effective. This study introduces a new biopatterning approach based on magnetic manipulation of cells with a bio-ink that consists alginate, cells, and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). Plackett-Burman and Box-Behnken experimental design models were used to optimize bio-ink formulation where NIH-3T3 cells were utilized as a model cell line. The patterning capability was confirmed by light microscopy through 7 days culture time. Then, biopatterned 3D cardiac structures were formed using H9c2 cardiomyocyte cells. Cellular and extracellular components; F-actin and collagen Type I, and cardiac-specific biomarkers; Troponin T and MYH6, of biopatterned 3D cardiac structures were observed successfully. Moreover, DOX-induced cardiotoxicity was investigated for developed 3D model, and IC50 value was calculated as 8.1 µM for biopatterned 3D cardiac structures, which showed higher resistance against DOX-exposure compared to conventional 2D cell culture. Hereby, developed biopatterning methodology proved to be a simple and rapid approach to fabricate 3D cardiac models, especially for drug screening applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Onbas
- Izmir Institute of Technology, 52972, Bioengineering, Izmir, NA, Turkey;
| | - Ahu Arslan Yıldız
- Izmir Institute of Technology, 52972, Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, NA, Turkey, 35430;
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2
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Jewett ME, Hiraki HL, Wojasiński M, Zhang Z, Xi SS, Bluem AS, Prabhu ES, Wang WY, Pena-Francesch A, Baker BM. Rapid magnetically directed assembly of pre-patterned capillary-scale microvessels. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2023; 33:2203715. [PMID: 38464762 PMCID: PMC10923532 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202203715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Capillary scale vascularization is critical to the survival of engineered 3D tissues and remains an outstanding challenge for the field of tissue engineering. Current methods to generate micro-scale vasculature such as 3D printing, two photon hydrogel ablation, angiogenesis, and vasculogenic assembly face challenges in rapidly creating organized, highly vascularized tissues at capillary length-scales. Within metabolically demanding tissues, native capillary beds are highly organized and densely packed to achieve adequate delivery of nutrients and oxygen and efficient waste removal. Here, we adopt two existing techniques to fabricate lattices composed of sacrificial microfibers that can be efficiently and uniformly seeded with endothelial cells (ECs) by magnetizing both lattices and ECs. Ferromagnetic microparticles (FMPs) were incorporated into microfibers produced by solution electrowriting (SEW) and fiber electropulling (FEP). By loading ECs with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), the cells could be seeded onto magnetized microfiber lattices. Following encapsulation in a hydrogel, the capillary templating lattice was selectively degraded by a bacterial lipase that does not impact mammalian cell viability or function. This work introduces a novel approach to rapidly producing organized capillary networks within metabolically demanding engineered tissue constructs which should have broad utility for the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie E. Jewett
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI 48109, USA
| | - Harrison L. Hiraki
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI 48109, USA
| | - Michał Wojasiński
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI 48109, USA
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Warsaw University of Technology, Warynskiego 1, 00-645 Warsaw, POLAND
| | - Zenghao Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Susan S. Xi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI 48109, USA
| | - Amanda S. Bluem
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI 48109, USA
| | - Eashan S. Prabhu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI 48109, USA
| | - William Y. Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI 48109, USA
| | - Abdon Pena-Francesch
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Brendon M. Baker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI 48109, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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3
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Santos LF, Silva AS, Mano JF. Magnetic-Based Strategies for Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300605. [PMID: 37543723 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication of biological substitutes to repair, replace, or enhance tissue- and organ-level functions is a long-sought goal of tissue engineering (TE). However, the clinical translation of TE is hindered by several challenges, including the lack of suitable mechanical, chemical, and biological properties in one biomaterial, and the inability to generate large, vascularized tissues with a complex structure of native tissues. Over the past decade, a new generation of "smart" materials has revolutionized the conventional medical field, transforming TE into a more accurate and sophisticated concept. At the vanguard of scientific development, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have garnered extensive attention owing to their significant potential in various biomedical applications owing to their inherent properties such as biocompatibility and rapid remote response to magnetic fields. Therefore, to develop functional tissue replacements, magnetic force-based TE (Mag-TE) has emerged as an alternative to conventional TE strategies, allowing for the fabrication and real-time monitoring of tissues engineered in vitro. This review addresses the recent studies on the use of MNPs for TE, emphasizing the in vitro, in vivo, and clinical applications. Future perspectives of Mag-TE in the fields of TE and regenerative medicine are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lúcia F Santos
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Ana S Silva
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - João F Mano
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
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Anil-Inevi M, Delikoyun K, Mese G, Tekin HC, Ozcivici E. Magnetic levitation assisted biofabrication, culture, and manipulation of 3D cellular structures using a ring magnet based setup. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:4771-4785. [PMID: 34559409 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diamagnetic levitation is an emerging technology for remote manipulation of cells in cell and tissue level applications. Low-cost magnetic levitation configurations using permanent magnets are commonly composed of a culture chamber physically sandwiched between two block magnets that limit working volume and applicability. This work describes a single ring magnet-based magnetic levitation system to eliminate physical limitations for biofabrication. Developed configuration utilizes sample culture volume for construct size manipulation and long-term maintenance. Furthermore, our configuration enables convenient transfer of liquid or solid phases during the levitation. Before biofabrication, we first calibrated/ the platform for levitation with polymeric beads, considering the single cell density range of viable cells. By taking advantage of magnetic focusing and cellular self-assembly, millimeter-sized 3D structures were formed and maintained in the system allowing easy and on-site intervention in cell culture with an open operational space. We demonstrated that the levitation protocol could be adapted for levitation of various cell types (i.e., stem cell, adipocyte and cancer cell) representing cells of different densities by modifying the paramagnetic ion concentration that could be also reduced by manipulating the density of the medium. This technique allowed the manipulation and merging of separately formed 3D biological units, as well as the hybrid biofabrication with biopolymers. In conclusion, we believe that this platform will serve as an important tool in broad fields such as bottom-up tissue engineering, drug discovery and developmental biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muge Anil-Inevi
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Kerem Delikoyun
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gulistan Mese
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - H Cumhur Tekin
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Engin Ozcivici
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey
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5
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Libring S, Enríquez Á, Lee H, Solorio L. In Vitro Magnetic Techniques for Investigating Cancer Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4440. [PMID: 34503250 PMCID: PMC8430481 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, there are currently around 18.1 million new cancer cases and 9.6 million cancer deaths yearly. Although cancer diagnosis and treatment has improved greatly in the past several decades, a complete understanding of the complex interactions between cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment during primary tumor growth and metastatic expansion is still lacking. Several aspects of the metastatic cascade require in vitro investigation. This is because in vitro work allows for a reduced number of variables and an ability to gather real-time data of cell responses to precise stimuli, decoupling the complex environment surrounding in vivo experimentation. Breakthroughs in our understanding of cancer biology and mechanics through in vitro assays can lead to better-designed ex vivo precision medicine platforms and clinical therapeutics. Multiple techniques have been developed to imitate cancer cells in their primary or metastatic environments, such as spheroids in suspension, microfluidic systems, 3D bioprinting, and hydrogel embedding. Recently, magnetic-based in vitro platforms have been developed to improve the reproducibility of the cell geometries created, precisely move magnetized cell aggregates or fabricated scaffolding, and incorporate static or dynamic loading into the cell or its culture environment. Here, we will review the latest magnetic techniques utilized in these in vitro environments to improve our understanding of cancer cell interactions throughout the various stages of the metastatic cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Libring
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (S.L.); (Á.E.)
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Ángel Enríquez
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (S.L.); (Á.E.)
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Center for Implantable Devices, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Hyowon Lee
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (S.L.); (Á.E.)
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Center for Implantable Devices, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Luis Solorio
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (S.L.); (Á.E.)
- Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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6
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Advanced Multi-Dimensional Cellular Models as Emerging Reality to Reproduce In Vitro the Human Body Complexity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031195. [PMID: 33530487 PMCID: PMC7865724 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A hot topic in biomedical science is the implementation of more predictive in vitro models of human tissues to significantly improve the knowledge of physiological or pathological process, drugs discovery and screening. Bidimensional (2D) culture systems still represent good high-throughput options for basic research. Unfortunately, these systems are not able to recapitulate the in vivo three-dimensional (3D) environment of native tissues, resulting in a poor in vitro–in vivo translation. In addition, intra-species differences limited the use of animal data for predicting human responses, increasing in vivo preclinical failures and ethical concerns. Dealing with these challenges, in vitro 3D technological approaches were recently bioengineered as promising platforms able to closely capture the complexity of in vivo normal/pathological tissues. Potentially, such systems could resemble tissue-specific extracellular matrix (ECM), cell–cell and cell–ECM interactions and specific cell biological responses to mechanical and physical/chemical properties of the matrix. In this context, this review presents the state of the art of the most advanced progresses of the last years. A special attention to the emerging technologies for the development of human 3D disease-relevant and physiological models, varying from cell self-assembly (i.e., multicellular spheroids and organoids) to the use of biomaterials and microfluidic devices has been given.
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Norris EG, Dalecki D, Hocking DC. Using Acoustic Fields to Fabricate ECM-Based Biomaterials for Regenerative Medicine Applications. RECENT PROGRESS IN MATERIALS 2020; 2:1-24. [PMID: 33604591 PMCID: PMC7889011 DOI: 10.21926/rpm.2003018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasound is emerging as a promising tool for both characterizing and fabricating engineered biomaterials. Ultrasound-based technologies offer a diverse toolbox with outstanding capacity for optimization and customization within a variety of therapeutic contexts, including improved extracellular matrix-based materials for regenerative medicine applications. Non-invasive ultrasound fabrication tools include the use of thermal and mechanical effects of acoustic waves to modify the structure and function of extracellular matrix scaffolds both directly, and indirectly via biochemical and cellular mediators. Materials derived from components of native extracellular matrix are an essential component of engineered biomaterials designed to stimulate cell and tissue functions and repair or replace injured tissues. Thus, continued investigations into biological and acoustic mechanisms by which ultrasound can be used to manipulate extracellular matrix components within three-dimensional hydrogels hold much potential to enable the production of improved biomaterials for clinical and research applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma G Norris
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Diane Dalecki
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Denise C Hocking
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
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8
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Ino K, Ozawa F, Dang N, Hiramoto K, Hino S, Akasaka R, Nashimoto Y, Shiku H. Biofabrication Using Electrochemical Devices and Systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 4:e1900234. [DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201900234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Ino
- Graduate School of Engineering Tohoku University 6‐6‐11 Aramaki‐aza Aoba Aoba‐ku Sendai 980–8579 Japan
| | - Fumisato Ozawa
- Institute of Industrial Science The University of Tokyo 4‐6‐1 Komaba Meguro‐ku Tokyo 153–8505 Japan
| | - Ning Dang
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour les Matériaux et l'Environnement CNRS‐Université de Lorraine Villers‐lès‐Nancy 54600 France
| | - Kaoru Hiramoto
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies Tohoku University 6‐6‐11 Aramaki‐aza Aoba Aoba‐ku Sendai 980–8579 Japan
| | - Shodai Hino
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies Tohoku University 6‐6‐11 Aramaki‐aza Aoba Aoba‐ku Sendai 980–8579 Japan
| | - Rise Akasaka
- School of Engineering Tohoku University 6‐6‐11 Aramaki‐aza Aoba Aoba‐ku Sendai 980–8579 Japan
| | - Yuji Nashimoto
- Graduate School of Engineering Tohoku University 6‐6‐11 Aramaki‐aza Aoba Aoba‐ku Sendai 980–8579 Japan
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences Tohoku University 6‐3 Aramaki‐aza Aoba Aoba‐ku Sendai 980–8578 Japan
| | - Hitoshi Shiku
- Graduate School of Engineering Tohoku University 6‐6‐11 Aramaki‐aza Aoba Aoba‐ku Sendai 980–8579 Japan
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9
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Yaman S, Anil-Inevi M, Ozcivici E, Tekin HC. Magnetic Force-Based Microfluidic Techniques for Cellular and Tissue Bioengineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2018; 6:192. [PMID: 30619842 PMCID: PMC6305723 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Live cell manipulation is an important biotechnological tool for cellular and tissue level bioengineering applications due to its capacity for guiding cells for separation, isolation, concentration, and patterning. Magnetic force-based cell manipulation methods offer several advantages, such as low adverse effects on cell viability and low interference with the cellular environment. Furthermore, magnetic-based operations can be readily combined with microfluidic principles by precisely allowing control over the spatiotemporal distribution of physical and chemical factors for cell manipulation. In this review, we present recent applications of magnetic force-based cell manipulation in cellular and tissue bioengineering with an emphasis on applications with microfluidic components. Following an introduction of the theoretical background of magnetic manipulation, components of magnetic force-based cell manipulation systems are described. Thereafter, different applications, including separation of certain cell fractions, enrichment of rare cells, and guidance of cells into specific macro- or micro-arrangements to mimic natural cell organization and function, are explained. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and limitations of magnetic cell manipulation technologies in microfluidic devices with an outlook on future developments in the field.
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Tang W, Jiang D, Li Z, Zhu L, Shi J, Yang J, Xiang N. Recent advances in microfluidic cell sorting techniques based on both physical and biochemical principles. Electrophoresis 2018; 40:930-954. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenlai Tang
- School of Electrical and Automation Engineering; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Equipment and Manufacturing; Nanjing Normal University; P. R. China
- Nanjing Institute of Intelligent High-end Equipment Industry Co., Ltd.; P. R. China
| | - Di Jiang
- School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering; Nanjing Forestry University; P. R. China
| | - Zongan Li
- School of Electrical and Automation Engineering; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Equipment and Manufacturing; Nanjing Normal University; P. R. China
| | - Liya Zhu
- School of Electrical and Automation Engineering; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Equipment and Manufacturing; Nanjing Normal University; P. R. China
| | - Jianping Shi
- School of Electrical and Automation Engineering; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Equipment and Manufacturing; Nanjing Normal University; P. R. China
| | - Jiquan Yang
- School of Electrical and Automation Engineering; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Equipment and Manufacturing; Nanjing Normal University; P. R. China
- Nanjing Institute of Intelligent High-end Equipment Industry Co., Ltd.; P. R. China
| | - Nan Xiang
- School of Mechanical Engineering; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments; Southeast University; P. R. China
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11
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Egger D, Tripisciano C, Weber V, Dominici M, Kasper C. Dynamic Cultivation of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Aggregates. Bioengineering (Basel) 2018; 5:E48. [PMID: 29921755 PMCID: PMC6026937 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering5020048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered as primary candidates for cell-based therapies due to their multiple effects in regenerative medicine. Pre-conditioning of MSCs under physiological conditions—such as hypoxia, three-dimensional environments, and dynamic cultivation—prior to transplantation proved to optimize their therapeutic efficiency. When cultivated as three-dimensional aggregates or spheroids, MSCs display increased angiogenic, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects as well as improved stemness and survival rates after transplantation, and cultivation under dynamic conditions can increase their viability, proliferation, and paracrine effects, alike. Only few studies reported to date, however, have utilized dynamic conditions for three-dimensional aggregate cultivation of MSCs. Still, the integration of dynamic bioreactor systems, such as spinner flasks or stirred tank reactors might pave the way for a robust, scalable bulk expansion of MSC aggregates or MSC-derived extracellular vesicles. This review summarizes recent insights into the therapeutic potential of MSC aggregate cultivation and focuses on dynamic generation and cultivation techniques of MSC aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Egger
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Carla Tripisciano
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Therapy Approaches in Sepsis, Danube University Krems, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, 3500 Krems, Austria.
| | - Viktoria Weber
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Therapy Approaches in Sepsis, Danube University Krems, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, 3500 Krems, Austria.
| | - Massimo Dominici
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Università 4, 41121 Modena, Italy.
- Technopole of Mirandola TPM, 41037 Mirandola, Modena, Italy.
| | - Cornelia Kasper
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
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12
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Imashiro C, Kurashina Y, Kuribara T, Hirano M, Totani K, Takemura K. Cell Patterning Method on a Clinically Ubiquitous Culture Dish Using Acoustic Pressure Generated From Resonance Vibration of a Disk-Shaped Ultrasonic Transducer. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2018; 66:111-118. [PMID: 29993416 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2018.2835834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cell patterning methods have been previously reported for cell culture. However, these methods use inclusions or devices that are not used in general cell culture and that might affect cell functionality. Here, we report a cell patterning method that can be conducted on a general cell culture dish without any inclusions by employing a resonance vibration of a disk-shaped ultrasonic transducer located under the dish. A resonance vibration with a single nodal circle patterned C2C12 myoblasts into a circular shape on the dish with 10-min exposure of the vibration with maximum peak-peak amplitude of 10 μm[Formula: see text]. Furthermore, the relationship between the amplitude distribution of the transducer and the cell density in the patterned sample could be expressed as a linear function, and there was a clear threshold of amplitude for cell adhesion. To evaluate the cell function of the patterned cells, we conducted proliferation and protein assays at 120-h culture after patterning. Our results showed that the cell proliferation rate did not decrease and the expression of cellular proteins was unchanged. Thus, we conclude, this method can successfully pattern cells in the clinically ubiquitous culture dish, while maintaining cell functionality.
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13
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Yamamura S, Yamada E, Kimura F, Miyajima K, Shigeto H. Separation and Analysis of Adherent and Non-Adherent Cancer Cells Using a Single-Cell Microarray Chip. SENSORS 2017; 17:s17102410. [PMID: 29065470 PMCID: PMC5677269 DOI: 10.3390/s17102410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A new single-cell microarray chip was designed and developed to separate and analyze single adherent and non-adherent cancer cells. The single-cell microarray chip is made of polystyrene with over 60,000 microchambers of 10 different size patterns (31–40 µm upper diameter, 11–20 µm lower diameter). A drop of suspension of adherent carcinoma (NCI-H1650) and non-adherent leukocyte (CCRF-CEM) cells was placed onto the chip, and single-cell occupancy of NCI-H1650 and CCRF-CEM was determined to be 79% and 84%, respectively. This was achieved by controlling the chip design and surface treatment. Analysis of protein expression in single NCI-H1650 and CCRF-CEM cells was performed on the single-cell microarray chip by multi-antibody staining. Additionally, with this system, we retrieved positive single cells from the microchambers by a micromanipulator. Thus, this system demonstrates the potential for easy and accurate separation and analysis of various types of single cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Yamamura
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2217-14 Hayashi-cho, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0395, Japan.
| | - Eriko Yamada
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2217-14 Hayashi-cho, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0395, Japan.
| | - Fukiko Kimura
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2217-14 Hayashi-cho, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0395, Japan.
| | - Kumiko Miyajima
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2217-14 Hayashi-cho, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0395, Japan.
| | - Hajime Shigeto
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2217-14 Hayashi-cho, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0395, Japan.
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14
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Yamamoto S, Shimizu K, Fei J, Iwata H, Okochi M, Nakanishi H, Honda H. Ex vivo culture of circulating tumor cells using magnetic force-based coculture on a fibroblast feeder layer. Biotechnol J 2016; 11:1433-1442. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201600084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Yamamoto
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering; Nagoya University; Nagoya Japan
| | - Kazunori Shimizu
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering; Nagoya University; Nagoya Japan
| | - Jiahui Fei
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering; Nagoya University; Nagoya Japan
| | - Hiroji Iwata
- Department of Breast Oncology; Aichi Cancer Center Central Hospital; Nagoya Japan
| | - Mina Okochi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering; Tokyo Institute of Technology; Tokyo Japan
| | - Hayao Nakanishi
- Laboratory of Pathology and Clinical Research; Aichi Cancer Center Aichi Hospital; Nagoya Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Honda
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering; Nagoya University; Nagoya Japan
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15
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Zhou Y. The Application of Ultrasound in 3D Bio-Printing. Molecules 2016; 21:E590. [PMID: 27164066 PMCID: PMC6274238 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21050590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is an emerging and promising technology in tissue engineering to construct tissues and organs for implantation. Alignment of self-assembly cell spheroids that are used as bioink could be very accurate after droplet ejection from bioprinter. Complex and heterogeneous tissue structures could be built using rapid additive manufacture technology and multiple cell lines. Effective vascularization in the engineered tissue samples is critical in any clinical application. In this review paper, the current technologies and processing steps (such as printing, preparation of bioink, cross-linking, tissue fusion and maturation) in 3D bio-printing are introduced, and their specifications are compared with each other. In addition, the application of ultrasound in this novel field is also introduced. Cells experience acoustic radiation force in ultrasound standing wave field (USWF) and then accumulate at the pressure node at low acoustic pressure. Formation of cell spheroids by this method is within minutes with uniform size and homogeneous cell distribution. Neovessel formation from USWF-induced endothelial cell spheroids is significant. Low-intensity ultrasound could enhance the proliferation and differentiation of stem cells. Its use is at low cost and compatible with current bioreactor. In summary, ultrasound application in 3D bio-printing may solve some challenges and enhance the outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Zhou
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing (SC3DP), School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
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Yoon No D, Lee KH, Lee J, Lee SH. 3D liver models on a microplatform: well-defined culture, engineering of liver tissue and liver-on-a-chip. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:3822-37. [PMID: 26279012 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc00611b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The liver, the largest organ in the human body, is a multi-functional organ with diverse metabolic activities that plays a critical role in maintaining the body and sustaining life. Although the liver has excellent regenerative and recuperative properties, damages caused by chronic liver diseases or viral infection may lead to permanent loss of liver functions. Studies of liver disease mechanism have focused on drug screening and liver tissue engineering techniques, including strategies based on in vitro models. However, conventional liver models are plagued by a number of limitations, which have motivated the development of 'liver-on-a-chip' and microplatform-based bioreactors that can provide well-defined microenvironments. Microtechnology is a promising tool for liver tissue engineering and liver system development, as it can mimic the complex in vivo microenvironment and microlevel ultrastructure, by using a small number of human cells under two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) culture conditions. These systems provided by microtechnology allow improved liver-specific functions and can be expanded to encompass diverse 3D culture methods, which are critical for the maintenance of liver functions and recapitulation of the features of the native liver. In this review, we provide an overview of microtechnologies that have been used for liver studies, describe biomimetic technologies for constructing microscale 2D and 3D liver models as well as liver-on-a-chip systems and microscale bioreactors, and introduce applications of liver microtechnology and future trends in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Yoon No
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Health Science, Korea University, Anamro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea.
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Three-dimensional magnetic cell array for evaluation of anti-proliferative effects of chemo-thermo treatment on cancer spheroids. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-014-0724-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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18
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Yamamoto S, Fei J, Okochi M, Shimizu K, Yusa A, Kondo N, Iwata H, Nakanishi H, Honda H. Efficient capturing of circulating tumor cells using a magnetic capture column and a size-selective filter. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2015; 38:1693-704. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-015-1412-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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19
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INO K. Microchemistry- and MEMS-based Integrated Electrochemical Devices for Bioassay Applications. ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.5796/electrochemistry.83.688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke INO
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University
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20
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Wang Y, Meng F, Sachs F. Genetically encoded force sensors for measuring mechanical forces in proteins. Commun Integr Biol 2014. [DOI: 10.4161/cib.15505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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21
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Yamamoto S, Hotta MM, Okochi M, Honda H. Effect of vascular formed endothelial cell network on the invasive capacity of melanoma using the in vitro 3D co-culture patterning model. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103502. [PMID: 25058006 PMCID: PMC4110033 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro three dimensional (3D) cancer models were developed to observe the invasive capacity of melanoma cell spheroids co-cultured with the vascular-formed endothelial cell network. An array-like multicellular pattern of mouse melanoma cell line B16F1 was developed by magnetic cell labeling using a pin-holder device for allocation of magnetic force. When the B16F1 patterned together with a vascular network of human umbilical vein epithelial cells (HUVEC), spreading and progression were observed along the HUVEC network. The B16F1 cells over 80 µm distance from HUVEC remain in a compact spheroid shape, while B16F1 in the proximity of HUVEC aggressively changed their morphology and migrated. The mRNA expression levels of IL-6, MDR-1 and MMP-9 in B16F1 increased along with the distance the HUVEC network, and these expressions were increased by 5, 3 and 2-fold in the B16F1 close to HUVEC (within 80 µm distance) as compared to that far from HUVEC (over 80 µm distance). Our results clearly show that malignancy of tumor cells is enhanced in proximity to vascular endothelial cells and leads to intravasation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Yamamoto
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Michael Masakuni Hotta
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mina Okochi
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Honda
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- * E-mail:
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22
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Mattix B, Olsen TR, Gu Y, Casco M, Herbst A, Simionescu DT, Visconti RP, Kornev KG, Alexis F. Biological magnetic cellular spheroids as building blocks for tissue engineering. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:623-9. [PMID: 24176725 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 09/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), primarily iron oxide nanoparticles, have been incorporated into cellular spheroids to allow for magnetic manipulation into desired shapes, patterns and 3-D tissue constructs using magnetic forces. However, the direct and long-term interaction of iron oxide nanoparticles with cells and biological systems can induce adverse effects on cell viability, phenotype and function, and remain a critical concern. Here we report the preparation of biological magnetic cellular spheroids containing magnetoferritin, a biological MNP, capable of serving as a biological alternative to iron oxide magnetic cellular spheroids as tissue engineered building blocks. Magnetoferritin NPs were incorporated into 3-D cellular spheroids with no adverse effects on cell viability up to 1 week. Additionally, cellular spheroids containing magnetoferritin NPs were magnetically patterned and fused into a tissue ring to demonstrate its potential for tissue engineering applications. These results present a biological approach that can serve as an alternative to the commonly used iron oxide magnetic cellular spheroids, which often require complex surface modifications of iron oxide NPs to reduce the adverse effects on cells.
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Lee EA, Yim H, Heo J, Kim H, Jung G, Hwang NS. Application of magnetic nanoparticle for controlled tissue assembly and tissue engineering. Arch Pharm Res 2013; 37:120-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-013-0303-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Kim JA, Choi JH, Kim M, Rhee WJ, Son B, Jung HK, Park TH. High-throughput generation of spheroids using magnetic nanoparticles for three-dimensional cell culture. Biomaterials 2013; 34:8555-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Ozawa F, Ino K, Arai T, Ramón-Azcón J, Takahashi Y, Shiku H, Matsue T. Alginate gel microwell arrays using electrodeposition for three-dimensional cell culture. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:3128-3135. [PMID: 23764965 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc50455g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we developed a novel method for fabricating microwell arrays constructed from alginate gels, and the alginate gel microwells were used for three-dimensional (3D) cell culture. The alginate gel microwells were fabricated on a patterned ITO electrode using alginate gel electrodeposition. Embryonic stem (ES) cells or hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2) were cultured in the alginate gel microwells containing 3T3 cells. During the culture, embryoid bodies (EBs) or HepG2 spheroids were successfully fabricated in the alginate gel microwells. The oxygen consumption of the EBs indicated that they were successfully cultured. Liver-specific gene expressions of the HepG2 spheroids apparently increased by performing 3D co-culture in the microwell arrays with 3T3 cells. These results show that the alginate gel microwells are a useful 3D culture system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumisato Ozawa
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
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Garvin KA, Dalecki D, Yousefhussien M, Helguera M, Hocking DC. Spatial patterning of endothelial cells and vascular network formation using ultrasound standing wave fields. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2013; 134:1483-90. [PMID: 23927188 PMCID: PMC3745485 DOI: 10.1121/1.4812867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Revised: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The spatial organization of cells is essential for proper tissue assembly and organ function. Thus, successful engineering of complex tissues and organs requires methods to control cell organization in three dimensions. In particular, technologies that facilitate endothelial cell alignment and vascular network formation in three-dimensional tissue constructs would provide a means to supply essential oxygen and nutrients to newly forming tissue. Acoustic radiation forces associated with ultrasound standing wave fields can rapidly and non-invasively organize cells into distinct multicellular planar bands within three-dimensional collagen gels. Results presented herein demonstrate that the spatial pattern of endothelial cells within three-dimensional collagen gels can be controlled by design of acoustic parameters of the sound field. Different ultrasound standing wave field exposure parameters were used to organize endothelial cells into either loosely aggregated or densely packed planar bands. The rate of vessel formation and the morphology of the resulting endothelial cell networks were affected by the initial density of the ultrasound-induced planar bands of cells. Ultrasound standing wave fields provide a rapid, non-invasive approach to pattern cells in three-dimensions and direct vascular network formation and morphology within engineered tissue constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelley A Garvin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
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Ashby WJ, Zijlstra A. Established and novel methods of interrogating two-dimensional cell migration. Integr Biol (Camb) 2013; 4:1338-50. [PMID: 23038152 DOI: 10.1039/c2ib20154b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of cell motility is central to living systems. Consequently, cell migration assays are some of the most frequently used in vitro assays. This article provides a comprehensive, detailed review of in vitro cell migration assays both currently in use and possible with existing technology. Emphasis is given to two-dimensional migration assays using densely organized cells such as the scratch assay. Assays are compared and categorized in an outline format according to their primary biological readout and physical parameters. The individual benefits of the various methods and quantification strategies are also discussed. This review provides an in-depth, structured overview of in vitro cell migration assays as a means of enabling the reader to make informed decisions among the growing number of options available for their specific cell migration application.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Ashby
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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28
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Formation of Multicellular Microtissues and Applications in Biofabrication. Biofabrication 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4557-2852-7.00008-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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29
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Okochi M, Matsumura T, Yamamoto AS, Nakayama E, Jimbow K, Honda H. Cell behavior observation and gene expression analysis of melanoma associated with stromal fibroblasts in a three-dimensional magnetic cell culture array. Biotechnol Prog 2012; 29:135-42. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Revised: 08/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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30
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Okochi M, Matsumura T, Honda H. Magnetic force-based cell patterning for evaluation of the effect of stromal fibroblasts on invasive capacity in 3D cultures. Biosens Bioelectron 2012. [PMID: 23208102 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.09.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Biomimetic cell culture systems that recreate tumor microenvironments are necessary in understanding the progression of cancer cells in cell-to-cell interaction and in cell-to-extracellular matrix interaction. We have developed a three-dimensional spheroid array embedded in collagen for evaluation of the effect of stromal fibroblasts associated with cancer cells. When the breast epithelial cancer cell model MCF10A/myr-Akt1 was magnetically labeled and aligned in the array by an external magnetic force using a pin-holder device and a magnet, a stellate configuration was observed. Changes in MCF10A/myr-Akt1 cell behavior were only slight when normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF) cells coexisted in collagen (indirect-interaction array). In contrast, when NHDF were magnetically labeled and patterned together with MCF10A/myr-Akt1 (direct-interaction array), spreading and progression were observed along with NHDF. Cell image analysis indicated that the length and area were statistically significantly increased in the direct-interaction array compared to the MCF10A/myr-Akt1 alone or to the indirect-interaction array. A cell susceptibility assay was undertaken with breast cancer MDA-MB-231 associated with NHDF in the indirect-interaction array. Interestingly, although distinct suppression of cell movement and proliferation was observed with 100 μM of collagenase inhibitor, formation of invadepodia significantly increased with coexistent NHDF. Since cancer progression is influenced by its microenvironment, this magnetic cell-patterning method which clarifies direct and indirect effects of stromal cells on invasion and proliferation, is well suited for evaluation and design of more efficient approaches in cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Okochi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan.
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Achilli TM, Meyer J, Morgan JR. Advances in the formation, use and understanding of multi-cellular spheroids. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2012; 12:1347-60. [PMID: 22784238 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2012.707181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Developing in vitro models for studying cell biology and cell physiology is of great importance to the fields of biotechnology, cancer research, drug discovery, toxicity testing, as well as the emerging fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Traditional two-dimensional (2D) methods of mammalian cell culture have several limitations and it is increasingly recognized that cells grown in a three-dimensional (3D) environment more closely represent normal cellular function due to the increased cell-to-cell interactions, and by mimicking the in vivo architecture of natural organs and tissues. AREAS COVERED In this review, we discuss the methods to form 3D multi-cellular spheroids, the advantages and limitations of these methods, and assays used to characterize the function of spheroids. The use of spheroids has led to many advances in basic cell sciences, including understanding cancer cell interactions, creating models for drug discovery and cancer metastasis, and they are being investigated as basic units for engineering tissue constructs. As so, this review will focus on contributions made to each of these fields using spheroid models. EXPERT OPINION Multi-cellular spheroids are rich in biological content and mimic better the in vivo environment than 2D cell culture. New technologies to form and analyze spheroids are rapidly increasing their adoption and expanding their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni-Marie Achilli
- Brown University, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology and Biotechnology, Providence, RI 02912, USA
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Lai K, Jiang W, Tang JZ, Wu Y, He B, Wang G, Gu Z. Superparamagnetic nano-composite scaffolds for promoting bone cell proliferation and defect reparation without a magnetic field. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra22376g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Wang Y, Meng F, Sachs F. Genetically encoded force sensors for measuring mechanical forces in proteins. Commun Integr Biol 2011; 4:385-90. [PMID: 21966553 DOI: 10.4161/cib.4.4.15505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Accepted: 03/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
THERE ARE THREE SOURCES OF FREE ENERGY FOR CELLS: chemical potential, electrical potential and mechanical potential. There is little known about the last one since there have not been simple ways to measure stress in proteins in cells. we have now developed genetically encoded force sensors to assess the stress in fibrous proteins in living cells. These FReT based fluorescence sensors can be read out at video rates and provide real time maps of the stress distribution in cells, tissues and animals. The sensors can be inserted into specific proteins and in general do not disturb the normal function or anatomy. The original sensors used mutant GFPs linked by elastic linkers. These sensors provide a linear output with applied stress but the response is linear in strain. To improve contrast and dynamic range we have now developed a new class of sensors that are smaller making them less invasive, and have much higher intrinsic sensitivity since force modulates the angle between the donor and acceptor much more than the distance between them. Known as cpstFRET, the probe shows improved biocompatibility, wider dynamic range and higher sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuexiu Wang
- Center for Single Molecule Biophysics; Department of Physiology and Biophysics; University at Buffalo; the State University of New York; NY USA
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Practical cell labeling with magnetite cationic liposomes for cell manipulation. J Biosci Bioeng 2010; 110:124-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2010.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2009] [Revised: 01/06/2010] [Accepted: 01/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
Arrays of transparent, releasable micrometer-scale structures termed "microcups" were created for the purpose of patterning and isolating viable cells from small cell samples. Cells were captured by the microcups without the need for barriers or walls on the intervening substrate. Furthermore, in contrast to prior methods for creating cell arrays with releasable elements, no chemical modification of the substrate was required. Individual microcups were released from the array using a pulsed laser at very low energy. Improvements in microcup design enabled cells in suspension to be loaded into the microcups with greater than 90% efficiency. Cells cultured within the microcups displayed 100% viability and were cultured over 4 days yielding colonies that remained sequestered within the microcups to generate pure clonal populations. Standard microscopic imaging was used to identify cells or colonies of interest, and the microcups containing these cells were then released and collected. Individual target cells isolated in this manner remained viable as demonstrated by clonal expansion of 100% of collected cells. Direct comparisons with cell isolation by fluorescence-activated cell sorting and magnetic-bead-based isolation systems demonstrated that the microcup cell isolation procedure yielded higher purity, yield, and viability than these standard technologies when separating samples with small numbers of cells. The power of this technique was demonstrated by the isolation of hematopoietic stem cells from a human bone marrow aspirate possessing only 4000 total cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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36
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Magnetic labeling, imaging and manipulation of endothelial progenitor cells using iron oxide nanoparticles. Future Med Chem 2010; 2:397-408. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc.09.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), originating from bone marrow, play a significant role in the repair of ischemic tissue and injured blood vessels. They are also involved in tumor angiogenesis. The therapeutic potential of EPCs for regenerative medicine and cancer treatment calls for new methods for monitoring and controlling cell migration. This review focuses on promising magnetic methods based on the internalization of magnetic nanoparticles by EPCs. We first describe the cellular uptake of iron oxide nanoparticles depending on their surface properties. We thus review the use of MRI for the detection of labeled cells and for noninvasive follow-up of EPCs homing in sites of endothelium regeneration. Finally, we show that remotely applied magnetic forces may enable intracellular manipulation and may optimize cell-delivery strategies for localizing cell therapy to target sites.
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Gan J, Chen H, Zhou F, Huang H, Zheng J, Song W, Yuan L, Wu Z. Fabrication of cell pattern on poly(dimethylsiloxane) by vacuum ultraviolet lithography. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2010; 76:381-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2009.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2009] [Revised: 10/22/2009] [Accepted: 11/13/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Okochi M, Takano S, Isaji Y, Senga T, Hamaguchi M, Honda H. Three-dimensional cell culture array using magnetic force-based cell patterning for analysis of invasive capacity of BALB/3T3/v-src. LAB ON A CHIP 2009; 9:3378-84. [PMID: 19904404 DOI: 10.1039/b909304d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A three-dimensional (3D) cell culture system has been fabricated using a magnetic force based cell patterning method, demonstrating a facile approach for the analysis of invasive capacity of BALB/3T3/v-src using an magnetic force and magnetite nanoparticles. The 3D cell patterning was performed using an external magnetic force and a pin holder, which enables the assembly of the magnetically labeled cells on the collagen gel-coated surface as array-like cell patterns, resulting in the development of a 3D in vitro culture model. The cells embedded in type I collagen showed a compacted, spheroid like configuration at each spot, and distinct, accelerated cell growth was observed in cancer model cells compared with the control cells. The developed 3D cell culture array was applied to the susceptibility assay of the GM6001 matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor, a collagenase inhibitor; a distinct suppression of cell proliferation was observed, while little change was observed in 2D. The developed 3D cell culture array system is useful to assess the effects of pharmacologic and/or microenvironmental influences on tumor cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Okochi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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Ino K, Shiku H, Ozawa F, Yasukawa T, Matsue T. Manipulation of microparticles for construction of array patterns by negative dielectrophoresis using multilayered array and grid electrodes. Biotechnol Bioeng 2009; 104:709-18. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.22445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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