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Sannidhi A, Todd PW, Hanley TR. Magnetic characterization of paramagnetic reagents by particle tracking velocimetry. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:054103. [PMID: 34243244 DOI: 10.1063/5.0039374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic particle characterization determines the quality of magnetic particles and is of great importance in particle technology, drug delivery, cell separation, in vivo diagnostics, and other biomedical applications. The quality of the sample depends on the particle size, intrinsic magnetic properties of the particles, and the uniformity of these properties. A commercial particle tracking velocimeter was used to record and capture dark field images of particle trajectories in an applied isodynamic magnetic field. The calibrated particle size, magnetophoretic mobility, and additional image data were collected for each magnetic bead imaged. Using twenty-one different de-identified calibration beads and transmission electron microscopy to validate the vendor-reported particle size enabled the estimation of intrinsic magnetic properties, namely, apparent magnetic susceptibility and saturation magnetization, of individual paramagnetic particles. The distributions of volume magnetic susceptibility based on the magnetophoretic mobility and size of the particle for different magnetic beads were determined and displayed as two-parameter distributions. The measured apparent susceptibility and saturation magnetization were found to be directly proportional to the percentage of iron oxide in the reagent particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav Sannidhi
- Chemical Engineering Department, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA
| | - Paul W Todd
- Magnaquant LLC, 11760 Commonwealth Drive, Louisville, Kentucky 40299, USA
| | - Thomas R Hanley
- Chemical Engineering Department, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA
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Voronin DV, Kozlova AA, Verkhovskii RA, Ermakov AV, Makarkin MA, Inozemtseva OA, Bratashov DN. Detection of Rare Objects by Flow Cytometry: Imaging, Cell Sorting, and Deep Learning Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2323. [PMID: 32230871 PMCID: PMC7177904 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Flow cytometry nowadays is among the main working instruments in modern biology paving the way for clinics to provide early, quick, and reliable diagnostics of many blood-related diseases. The major problem for clinical applications is the detection of rare pathogenic objects in patient blood. These objects can be circulating tumor cells, very rare during the early stages of cancer development, various microorganisms and parasites in the blood during acute blood infections. All of these rare diagnostic objects can be detected and identified very rapidly to save a patient's life. This review outlines the main techniques of visualization of rare objects in the blood flow, methods for extraction of such objects from the blood flow for further investigations and new approaches to identify the objects automatically with the modern deep learning methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis V. Voronin
- Laboratory of Biomedical Photoacoustics, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia
- Department of Physical and Colloid Chemistry, National University of Oil and Gas (Gubkin University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasiia A. Kozlova
- Laboratory of Biomedical Photoacoustics, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - Roman A. Verkhovskii
- Laboratory of Biomedical Photoacoustics, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia
- School of Urbanistics, Civil Engineering and Architecture, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, 410054 Saratov, Russia
| | - Alexey V. Ermakov
- Laboratory of Biomedical Photoacoustics, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail A. Makarkin
- Laboratory of Biomedical Photoacoustics, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - Olga A. Inozemtseva
- Laboratory of Biomedical Photoacoustics, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - Daniil N. Bratashov
- Laboratory of Biomedical Photoacoustics, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia
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Zhou C, Boland ED, Todd PW, Hanley TR. Magnetic particle characterization-magnetophoretic mobility and particle size. Cytometry A 2016; 89:585-93. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Auburn University; Alabama 36849
| | | | - Paul W. Todd
- Techshot, Inc; 7200 Highway 150 Greenville Indiana 47124
| | - Thomas R. Hanley
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Auburn University; Alabama 36849
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Weegman BP, Kumar Sajja VS, Suszynski TM, Rizzari MD, Scott III WE, Kitzmann JP, Mueller KR, Hanley TR, Kennedy DJ, Todd PW, Balamurugan AN, Hering BJ, Papas KK. Continuous Quadrupole Magnetic Separation of Islets during Digestion Improves Purified Porcine Islet Viability. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:6162970. [PMID: 27843954 PMCID: PMC5097811 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6162970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Islet transplantation (ITx) is an emerging and promising therapy for patients with uncontrolled type 1 diabetes. The islet isolation and purification processes require exposure to extended cold ischemia, warm-enzymatic digestion, mechanical agitation, and use of damaging chemicals for density gradient separation (DG), all of which reduce viable islet yield. In this paper, we describe initial proof-of-concept studies exploring quadrupole magnetic separation (QMS) of islets as an alternative to DG to reduce exposure to these harsh conditions. Three porcine pancreata were split into two parts, the splenic lobe (SPL) and the combined connecting/duodenal lobes (CDL), for paired digestions and purifications. Islets in the SPL were preferentially labeled using magnetic microparticles (MMPs) that lodge within the islet microvasculature when infused into the pancreas and were continuously separated from the exocrine tissue by QMS during the collection phase of the digestion process. Unlabeled islets from the CDL were purified by conventional DG. Islets purified by QMS exhibited significantly improved viability (measured by oxygen consumption rate per DNA, p < 0.03) and better morphology relative to control islets. Islet purification by QMS can reduce the detrimental effects of prolonged exposure to toxic enzymes and density gradient solutions and substantially improve islet viability after isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley P. Weegman
- CMRR, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Schulze Diabetes Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Thomas M. Suszynski
- Schulze Diabetes Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Michael D. Rizzari
- Schulze Diabetes Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - William E. Scott III
- Schulze Diabetes Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Kate R. Mueller
- Schulze Diabetes Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Thomas R. Hanley
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | | | | | - Appakalai N. Balamurugan
- Clinical Islet Cell Laboratory, Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Bernhard J. Hering
- Schulze Diabetes Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Klearchos K. Papas
- Schulze Diabetes Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- *Klearchos K. Papas:
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Mettler E, Trenkler A, Feilen PJ, Wiegand F, Fottner C, Ehrhart F, Zimmermann H, Hwang YH, Lee DY, Fischer S, Schreiber LM, Weber MM. Magnetic separation of encapsulated islet cells labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide nano particles. Xenotransplantation 2013; 20:219-26. [PMID: 23789985 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Islet cell transplantation is a promising option for the restoration of normal glucose homeostasis in patients with type 1 diabetes. Because graft volume is a crucial issue in islet transplantations for patients with diabetes, we evaluated a new method for increasing functional tissue yield in xenogeneic grafts of encapsulated islets. Islets were labeled with three different superparamagnetic iron oxide nano particles (SPIONs; dextran-coated SPION, siloxane-coated SPION, and heparin-coated SPION). Magnetic separation was performed to separate encapsulated islets from the empty capsules, and cell viability and function were tested. Islets labeled with 1000 μg Fe/ml dextran-coated SPIONs experienced a 69.9% reduction in graft volume, with a 33.2% loss of islet-containing capsules. Islets labeled with 100 μg Fe/ml heparin-coated SPIONs showed a 46.4% reduction in graft volume, with a 4.5% loss of capsules containing islets. No purification could be achieved using siloxane-coated SPIONs due to its toxicity to the primary islets. SPION labeling of islets is useful for transplant purification during islet separation as well as in vivo imaging after transplantation. Furthermore, purification of encapsulated islets can also reduce the volume of the encapsulated islets without impairing their function by removing empty capsules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Mettler
- Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany.
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