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Kiesewetter A, Gupta A, Heinen-Kreuzig A, Greenhalgh T, Stein A. Improved endotoxin removal using ecofriendly detergents for intensified plasmid capture. Biotechnol Prog 2023; 39:e3375. [PMID: 37531318 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Increasing plasmid demand for both production of viral and gene therapies as well as nucleic acid based vaccines has highlighted bottlenecks in production. One bottleneck is traditional bead-based chromatography as a capture step. To meet the needs of fast-growing markets, new production solutions are needed. These solutions must enable efficient capture of a diverse range of plasmid types and excellent clearance of bacterial host impurities, such as endotoxin. Enhanced endotoxin clearance during chromatographic purification has previously been demonstrated with detergents such as Triton™ X-100. However, degradation products of Triton™ X-100 are known to have a negative environmental impact, and more sustainable, environmentally benign alternatives have been identified. This work establishes an efficient, intensified plasmid capture using convective anion exchange (AEX) chromatography. The feasibility of the intensified capture approach was assessed with different membrane and a monolith AEX supports. Various detergents from different physico-chemical classes were evaluated with different AEX technologies. Purification efficiency evaluated endotoxin and host cell protein (HCP) clearance, plasmid yield, potential interference of the detergents with analytical in-process control assays, and overall process compatibility. This comprehensive screening approach provides valuable insights to intensified plasmid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Kiesewetter
- MilliporeSigma, The Life Science Business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Akshat Gupta
- MilliporeSigma, The Life Science Business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - Trish Greenhalgh
- MilliporeSigma, The Life Science Business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Andreas Stein
- MilliporeSigma, The Life Science Business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
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2
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Kurák T, Polakovič M. Adsorption Performance of a Multimodal Anion-Exchange Chromatography Membrane: Effect of Liquid Phase Composition and Separation Mode. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:1173. [PMID: 36557080 PMCID: PMC9788217 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12121173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Membrane chromatography is a modern, high-throughput separation method that finds important applications in therapeutic protein purification. Multimodal, salt-tolerant membranes are the most recent innovation in chromatographic membrane adsorbents. Due to the complex structure of their ligands and the bimodal texture of their carriers, their adsorption properties have not been sufficiently investigated. This work deals with the equilibrium and kinetic properties of a multimodal anion-exchange chromatography membrane, Sartobind STIC. Single- and two-component adsorption experiments were carried out with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and salmon DNA as model target and impurity components. The effect of the Hofmeister series ions and ionic strength on the BSA/DNA adsorption was investigated in micromembrane flow experiments. A significant difference was observed between the effects of monovalent and polyvalent ions when strong kosmotropic salts with polyvalent anions acted as strong displacers of BSA. On the contrary, DNA binding was rather high at elevated ionic strength, independent of the salt type. Two-component micromembrane experiments confirmed very high selectivity of DNA binding at a rather low sodium sulfate feed content and at pH 8. The strength of binding was examined in more than a dozen different desorption experiments. While BSA was desorbed relatively easily using high salt concentrations independent of buffer type and pH, while DNA was desorbed only in a very limited measure under any conditions. Separation experiments in a laboratory membrane module were carried out for the feed containing 1 g/L of BSA, 0.3 g/L of DNA, and 0.15 M of sodium sulfate. The negative flow-through mode was found to be more advantageous than the bind-elute mode, as BSA was obtained with 99% purity and a 97% yield. Membrane reuse was investigated in three adsorption-desorption-regeneration cycles.
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3
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Chen ST, Xu W, Cai K, Ferreira G, Ranil Wickramasinghe S, Qian X. Factors affecting robustness of anion exchange chromatography: Selective retention of minute virus of mice using membrane media. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2022; 1210:123449. [PMID: 36148766 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Mobile and stationary phase factors were investigated in order to identify conditions for effective capture of minute virus of mice (MVM), a potential adventitious contaminant in biomanufacturing, using anion exchange membrane chromatography (AEX). The initial study was conducted for Membrane A for a range of feed conditions using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a model protein mimicking acidic host-cell proteins (HCPs) competitive for virus binding. The effects of pH (6-8), salt concentration (0-150 mM NaCl) and level of BSA (0-10 g/L) were systematically investigated. It was found that higher BSA concentration has the most negative impact on MVM binding followed by the increased conductivity of the feed solution. The effect of pH on MVM binding is also detected but has a less impact compared to other two factors in the range of feed conditions investigated. In addition to Membrane A, three other AEX membranes (Membrane B, C and D) were investigated for MVM binding at a selected feed condition. Based on properties of the membranes investigated, it was found that ligand charge density has the most significant impact on MVM binding performance of AEX membranes from stationary phase perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ting Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Wenbo Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Kang Cai
- AstraZeneca, R&D, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | | | | | - Xianghong Qian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
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4
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Kawka K, Wilton AN, Redmond EJ, Medina MFC, Lichty BD, Ghosh R, Latulippe DR. Comparison of the performance of anion exchange membrane materials for adenovirus purification using laterally-fed membrane chromatography. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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5
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Ajayi OO, Johnson SA, Faison T, Azer N, Cullinan JL, Dement-Brown J, Lute SC. An updated analysis of viral clearance unit operations for biotechnology manufacturing. CURRENT RESEARCH IN BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crbiot.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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6
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Hester JF, Lu X, Calhoun JD, Hochstein RA, Olson EJ. Orthogonal pre-use and post-use efficiency testing for single-use anion exchange chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1654:462445. [PMID: 34407471 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Three efficiency tests for single-use AEX chromatography devices have been developed and applied to six capsule formats of a new, salt tolerant, single-use AEX product. All the tests have been designed to be performed with simple equipment and common reagents. By performing each of the three tests on undamaged capsules and capsules intentionally damaged with small defects, in tandem with Phi-X174 challenges in a high-salt buffer, relationships between test results and viral clearance have been obtained. A pre-use pressure-based installation verification test is simply performed during equilibration of the device and effective at identifying gross bypass defects, for example, due to internal seal breakage. Passing outcomes of a post-use installation validation bubble point test are associated with ≥ 5 log reduction value (LRV) of viral clearance. A new, non-destructive, pre-use AEX capacity test involves challenging the device with chloride ions and is orthogonal to the other two tests in that it can detect chemical defects, as well as mechanical ones. Passing outcomes of this test correspond to > 2 LRV viral clearance and provide in situ assurance of the expected AEX dynamic capacity prior to use. Selection of a pair of pre-use and post-use tests can provide robust risk reduction with respect to viral clearance by single-use AEX devices in biopharmaceutical purifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan F Hester
- 3M Separation and Purification Sciences Division, 3M Center 236-1C-14, St. Paul, MN 55144-1000, United States.
| | - Xinran Lu
- 3M Separation and Purification Sciences Division, 3M Center 236-1C-14, St. Paul, MN 55144-1000, United States
| | - Jacob D Calhoun
- 3M Separation and Purification Sciences Division, 3M Center 236-1C-14, St. Paul, MN 55144-1000, United States
| | - Rebecca A Hochstein
- 3M Separation and Purification Sciences Division, 3M Center 236-1C-14, St. Paul, MN 55144-1000, United States
| | - Eric J Olson
- 3M Corporate Research Analytical Laboratory, 3M Center 201-BS-03, St. Paul, MN 55144-1000, United States
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7
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Nonwoven Ion-Exchange Membranes with High Protein Binding Capacity for Bioseparations. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11030181. [PMID: 33800791 PMCID: PMC8001514 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11030181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study presents the preparation and characterization of UV-grafted polybutylene terepthalate (PBT) ion exchange nonwoven membranes for chromatographic purification of biomolecules. The PBT nonwoven was functionalized with sulfonate and secondary amine for cation and anion exchange (CEX and AEX), respectively. The anion exchange membrane showed an equilibrium static binding capacity of 1300 mg BSA/g of membrane, while the cationic membranes achieved a maximum equilibrium binding capacity of over 700 mg hIgG/g of membrane. The CEX and AEX membranes resulted in dynamic binding capacities under flow conditions, with a residence time of 0.1 min, of 200 mg hIgG/mL of membrane and 55 mg BSA/mL of membrane, respectively. The selectivity of the PBT-CEX membranes was demonstrated by purifying antibodies and antibody fragments (hIgG and scFv) from CHO cell culture supernatants in a bind-an-elute mode. The purity of the eluted samples exceeded 97%, with good log removal values (LRV) for both host cell proteins (HCPs) and DNA. The PBT-AEX nonwoven membranes exhibited a DNA LRV of 2.6 from hIgG solutions in a flow-through mode with little loss of product. These results indicate that these membranes have significant potential for use in downstream purification of biologics.
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8
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Impact of virus-antibody interactions on viral clearance in anion exchange chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1633:461635. [PMID: 33128974 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Viral clearance is an important performance metric for the downstream process of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) due to its impact on patient safety. Anion exchange chromatography (AEX) has been well-accepted in the industry as one of the workhorse techniques for removing viruses, and is considered to be able to achieve high log clearance values under most operating conditions. However, it is not uncommon for viral clearance results on AEX to fall below the desired level despite operating under conditions that should achieve high clearance levels according to conventional wisdom of how this mode of chromatography operates. In this study, a design of experiment (DoE) approach was used to develop a more fundamental understanding of viral clearance during AEX chromatography using Minute Virus of Mice (MVM) on POROS HQ resin. Load pH, conductivity and virus concentration were evaluated as design factors for three mAbs with varying physical and chemical properties. The hydrophobicity and surface charge distributions of the molecules were found to be the most significant factors in influencing viral clearance performance, and the viral clearance trends did not seem to fit with conventional wisdom. To explain this seemingly unconventional behavior, we propose a new mechanism that suggests that interactions between the mAb and the virus have a major contribution on retention of the virus on the resin. This furthered understanding may help improve the predictability, performance and robustness of viral clearance during AEX chromatography.
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9
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Junter GA, Lebrun L. Polysaccharide-based chromatographic adsorbents for virus purification and viral clearance. J Pharm Anal 2020; 10:291-312. [PMID: 32292625 PMCID: PMC7104128 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses still pose a significant threat to human and animal health worldwide. In the fight against viral infections, high-purity viral stocks are needed for manufacture of safer vaccines. It is also a priority to ensure the viral safety of biopharmaceuticals such as blood products. Chromatography techniques are widely implemented at both academic and industrial levels in the purification of viral particles, whole viruses and virus-like particles to remove viral contaminants from biopharmaceutical products. This paper focuses on polysaccharide adsorbents, particulate resins and membrane adsorbers, used in virus purification/removal chromatography processes. Different chromatographic modes are surveyed, with particular attention to ion exchange and affinity/pseudo-affinity adsorbents among which commercially available agarose-based resins (Sepharose®) and cellulose-based membrane adsorbers (Sartobind®) occupy a dominant position. Mainly built on the development of new ligands coupled to conventional agarose/cellulose matrices, the development perspectives of polysaccharide-based chromatography media in this antiviral area are stressed in the conclusive part.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy-Alain Junter
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, PBS, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Laurent Lebrun
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, PBS, 76000, Rouen, France
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10
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Li Y, Chang A, Beattie D, Remington KM. Novel spiking methods developed for anion exchange chromatography operating in a continuous process. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 117:3379-3389. [PMID: 32667685 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Many manufacturers of biopharmaceuticals are moving from batch to continuous processing. While this approach offers advantages over batch processing, demonstration of viral clearance for continuous processes is challenging. Fluctuating output from a continuous process chromatography column results in a nonhomogeneous load for the subsequent column and must be considered when designing viral clearance studies. One approach to clearance studies is to downscale the connected unit operations and introduce virus by in-line spiking. This is challenging to be implemented at the contract research organization performing the clearance study given the complexity of systems and level of expertise required. Alternately, each unit operation could be evaluated in traditional batch mode but the spiking and loading conditions be modified to mimic the variance introduced by the transition between two connected columns. Using a standard chromatography system, we evaluated a flow-through anion exchange chromatography step in a monoclonal antibody (mAb) manufacturing process using five different methods to introduce the virus to the column. Our data show that whether the virus or the mAbs were introduced in concentrated peaks, or as a homogeneous batch, the clearance of mouse minute virus was similar. This study introduces an alternative way to evaluate viral clearance in a continuous process and demonstrates the robustness of anion exchange chromatography unit operating in continuous processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- MilliporeSigma, Process Solutions Bioprocessing, Bedford, Massachusetts
| | - Audrey Chang
- MilliporeSigma, Process Solutions Services, Rockville, Maryland
| | - David Beattie
- MilliporeSigma, Process Solutions Bioprocessing, Bedford, Massachusetts
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11
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Boi C, Malavasi A, Carbonell RG, Gilleskie G. A direct comparison between membrane adsorber and packed column chromatography performance. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1612:460629. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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12
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Trnovec H, Doles T, Hribar G, Furlan N, Podgornik A. Characterization of membrane adsorbers used for impurity removal during the continuous purification of monoclonal antibodies. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1609:460518. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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13
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Metzger KFJ, Voloshin A, Schillinger H, Kühnel H, Maurer M. Adsorptive filtration: A case study for early impurity reduction in an Escherichia coli production process. Biotechnol Prog 2019; 36:e2948. [PMID: 31837191 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Primary recovery of intracellular products from Escherichia coli requires cell disruption which leads to a massive release of process-related impurities burdening subsequent downstream process (DSP) unit operations. Especially, DNA and endotoxins challenge purification operations due to their size and concentrations. Consequently, an early reduction in impurities will not only simplify the production process but also increase robustness while alleviating the workload afterward. In the present work, we studied the proof of concept whether a nonwoven anion exchange filter material decreases soluble impurities immediately at the clarification step of E. coli DSP. In a first attempt, endotoxin burden was reduced by 4.6-fold and the DNA concentration by 3.6-fold compared to conventional depth filtration. A design of experiment for the adsorptive filtration approach was carried out to analyze the influence of different critical process parameters (CPPs) on impurity reduction. We showed that depending on the CPPs chosen, a DNA lowering of more than 3 log values, an endotoxin decrease of approximately 7 logs, and a minor HCP clearance of at least 0.3 logs could be achieved. Thus, we further revealed a chromatography column protecting effect when using adsorptive filtration beforehand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl F J Metzger
- Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Campus Vienna, Wien, AT, Austria.,Bioprocess Engineering, Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Wien, AT, Austria.,Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Wien, AT, Austria
| | - Alexei Voloshin
- 3M Company, Separation and Purification Sciences Division, 3M Center, Saint Paul, Minnesota
| | - Harald Schillinger
- Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Campus Vienna, Wien, AT, Austria.,3M Österreich, 3M Separation and Purification Sciences Division, Wien, AT, Austria
| | - Harald Kühnel
- Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Campus Vienna, Wien, AT, Austria
| | - Michael Maurer
- Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Campus Vienna, Wien, AT, Austria.,Bioprocess Engineering, Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Wien, AT, Austria
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14
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Namila FNU, Zhang D, Traylor S, Nguyen T, Singh N, Wickramasinghe R, Qian X. The effects of buffer condition on the fouling behavior of MVM virus filtration of an Fc‐fusion protein. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:2621-2631. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.27085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- FNU Namila
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Arkansas Fayetteville Arkansas
| | - Da Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Arkansas Fayetteville Arkansas
| | | | | | | | | | - Xianghong Qian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Arkansas Fayetteville Arkansas
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15
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Investigating the combination of single‐pass tangential flow filtration and anion exchange chromatography for intensified mAb polishing. Biotechnol Prog 2019; 35:e2862. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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16
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Masuda Y, Tsuda M, Hashikawa-Muto C, Takahashi Y, Nonaka K, Wakamatsu K. Cation exchange chromatography performed in overloaded mode is effective in removing viruses during the manufacturing of monoclonal antibodies. Biotechnol Prog 2019; 35:e2858. [PMID: 31148380 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Viral safety is a critical concern with regard to monoclonal antibody (mAb) products produced in mammalian cells such as Chinese hamster ovary cells. Manufacturers are required to ensure the safety of such products by validating the clearance of viruses in downstream purification steps. Cation exchange (CEX) chromatography is widely used in bind/elute mode as a polishing step in mAb purification. However, bind/elute modes require a large volume of expensive resin. To reduce the production cost, the use of CEX chromatography in overloaded mode has recently been investigated. The viral clearance ability in overloaded mode was evaluated using murine leukemia virus (MLV). Even under high-load conditions such as 2,000 g mAb/L resin, MLV was removed from mAb solutions. This viral clearance ability was not significantly affected by resin type or mAb type. The overloaded mode can also remove other types of viruses such as pseudorabies virus and reovirus Type 3 from mAb solutions. Based on these results, this cost-effective overloaded mode is comparable to the bind-elute mode in terms of viral removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Masuda
- Biologics Technology Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Ohra-gun, Gunma, Japan.,Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu-shi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Masashi Tsuda
- Biologics Technology Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Ohra-gun, Gunma, Japan
| | - Chie Hashikawa-Muto
- Biologics Technology Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Ohra-gun, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yusuke Takahashi
- Biologics Technology Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Ohra-gun, Gunma, Japan
| | - Koichi Nonaka
- Biologics Technology Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Ohra-gun, Gunma, Japan
| | - Kaori Wakamatsu
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu-shi, Gunma, Japan
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17
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Patil R, Walther J. Continuous Manufacturing of Recombinant Therapeutic Proteins: Upstream and Downstream Technologies. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 165:277-322. [PMID: 28265699 DOI: 10.1007/10_2016_58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Continuous biomanufacturing of recombinant therapeutic proteins offers several potential advantages over conventional batch processing, including reduced cost of goods, more flexible and responsive manufacturing facilities, and improved and consistent product quality. Although continuous approaches to various upstream and downstream unit operations have been considered and studied for decades, in recent years interest and application have accelerated. Researchers have achieved increasingly higher levels of process intensification, and have also begun to integrate different continuous unit operations into larger, holistically continuous processes. This review first discusses approaches for continuous cell culture, with a focus on perfusion-enabling cell separation technologies including gravitational, centrifugal, and acoustic settling, as well as filtration-based techniques. We follow with a review of various continuous downstream unit operations, covering categories such as clarification, chromatography, formulation, and viral inactivation and filtration. The review ends by summarizing case studies of integrated and continuous processing as reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Patil
- Bioprocess Development, Sanofi, Framingham, MA, 01701, USA
| | - Jason Walther
- Bioprocess Development, Sanofi, Framingham, MA, 01701, USA.
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18
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Singh N, Herzer S. Downstream Processing Technologies/Capturing and Final Purification : Opportunities for Innovation, Change, and Improvement. A Review of Downstream Processing Developments in Protein Purification. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 165:115-178. [PMID: 28795201 DOI: 10.1007/10_2017_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Increased pressure on upstream processes to maximize productivity has been crowned with great success, although at the cost of shifting the bottleneck to purification. As drivers were economical, focus is on now on debottlenecking downstream processes as the main drivers of high manufacturing cost. Devising a holistically efficient and economical process remains a key challenge. Traditional and emerging protein purification strategies with particular emphasis on methodologies implemented for the production of recombinant proteins of biopharmaceutical importance are reviewed. The breadth of innovation is addressed, as well as the challenges the industry faces today, with an eye to remaining impartial, fair, and balanced. In addition, the scope encompasses both chromatographic and non-chromatographic separations directed at the purification of proteins, with a strong emphasis on antibodies. Complete solutions such as integrated USP/DSP strategies (i.e., continuous processing) are discussed as well as gains in data quantity and quality arising from automation and high-throughput screening (HTS). Best practices and advantages through design of experiments (DOE) to access a complex design space such as multi-modal chromatography are reviewed with an outlook on potential future trends. A discussion of single-use technology, its impact and opportunities for further growth, and the exciting developments in modeling and simulation of DSP rounds out the overview. Lastly, emerging trends such as 3D printing and nanotechnology are covered. Graphical Abstract Workflow of high-throughput screening, design of experiments, and high-throughput analytics to understand design space and design space boundaries quickly. (Reproduced with permission from Gregory Barker, Process Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nripen Singh
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Global Manufacturing and Supply, Devens, MA, 01434, USA.
| | - Sibylle Herzer
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Global Manufacturing and Supply, Hopewell, NJ, 01434, USA
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19
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Madadkar P, Yu Z, Wildfong J, Ghosh R. Comparison of membrane chromatography devices in laboratory-scale preparative flow-through separation of a recombinant protein. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2018.1481090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pedram Madadkar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zhou Yu
- Bioprocess Research and Development, Sanofi Pasteur, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jenny Wildfong
- Bioprocess Research and Development, Sanofi Pasteur, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Raja Ghosh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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20
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Recent developments in chromatographic purification of biopharmaceuticals. Biotechnol Lett 2018; 40:895-905. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-018-2552-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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21
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Evaluating the effect of in-process material on the binding mechanisms of surrogate viral particles to a multi-modal anion exchange resin. J Biotechnol 2017; 267:29-35. [PMID: 29278725 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bacteriophage binding mechanisms to multi-modal anion exchange resin may include both anion exchange and hydrophobic interactions, or the mechanism can be dominated by a single moiety. However, previous studies have reported binding mechanisms defined for simple solutions containing only buffer and a surrogate viral spike (i.e. bacteriophage ΦX174, PR772, and PP7). We employed phage spiked in-process monoclonal antibody (mAb) pools to model binding under bioprocessing conditions. These experiments allow the individual contributions of the mAb, in-process impurities, and buffer composition on mechanistic removal of phages to be studied. PP7 and PR772 use synergetic binding by the positively charged quaternary amine and the hydrophobic aromatic phenyl group to bind multi-modal resin. ΦX174's binding mechanism remains inconclusive due to operating conditions.
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22
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Khan MK, Luo J, Khan R, Fan J, Wan Y. Facile and green fabrication of cation exchange membrane adsorber with unprecedented adsorption capacity for protein purification. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1521:19-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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23
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Fan J, Luo J, Chen X, Wan Y. Facile preparation of salt-tolerant anion-exchange membrane adsorber using hydrophobic membrane as substrate. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1490:54-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Madadkar P, Nino SL, Ghosh R. High-resolution, preparative purification of PEGylated protein using a laterally-fed membrane chromatography device. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1035:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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25
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Liu Z, Wickramasinghe SR, Qian X. Membrane chromatography for protein purifications from ligand design to functionalization. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2016.1223133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zizhao Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | | | - Xianghong Qian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
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26
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Johnson SA, Brown MR, Lute SC, Brorson KA. Adapting viral safety assurance strategies to continuous processing of biological products. Biotechnol Bioeng 2016; 114:21-32. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Johnson
- DBRRII, Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality; Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration; Silver Spring Maryland 20993
| | - Matthew R. Brown
- DBRRII, Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality; Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration; Silver Spring Maryland 20993
| | - Scott C. Lute
- DBRRII, Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality; Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration; Silver Spring Maryland 20993
| | - Kurt A. Brorson
- DBRRII, Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality; Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration; Silver Spring Maryland 20993
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27
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Madadkar P, Ghosh R. High-resolution protein separation using a laterally-fed membrane chromatography device. J Memb Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2015.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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28
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Dong J, Bruening ML. Functionalizing Microporous Membranes for Protein Purification and Protein Digestion. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2015; 8:81-100. [PMID: 26001953 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-071114-040255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This review examines advances in the functionalization of microporous membranes for protein purification and the development of protease-containing membranes for controlled protein digestion prior to mass spectrometry analysis. Recent studies confirm that membranes are superior to bead-based columns for rapid protein capture, presumably because convective mass transport in membrane pores rapidly brings proteins to binding sites. Modification of porous membranes with functional polymeric films or TiO₂ nanoparticles yields materials that selectively capture species ranging from phosphopeptides to His-tagged proteins, and protein-binding capacities often exceed those of commercial beads. Thin membranes also provide a convenient framework for creating enzyme-containing reactors that afford control over residence times. With millisecond residence times, reactors with immobilized proteases limit protein digestion to increase sequence coverage in mass spectrometry analysis and facilitate elucidation of protein structures. This review emphasizes the advantages of membrane-based techniques and concludes with some challenges for their practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlan Dong
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824;
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29
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Iskra T, Sacramo A, Gallo C, Godavarti R, Chen S, Lute S, Brorson K. Development of a modular virus clearance package for anion exchange chromatography operated in weak partitioning mode. Biotechnol Prog 2015; 31:750-7. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Iskra
- Pfizer Inc.; Purification Process Development; Andover MA 01810
| | - Ashley Sacramo
- Pfizer Inc.; Purification Process Development; Andover MA 01810
| | - Chris Gallo
- Pfizer Inc.; Purification Process Development; Andover MA 01810
| | - Ranga Godavarti
- Pfizer Inc.; Purification Process Development; Andover MA 01810
| | - Shuang Chen
- Pfizer Inc.; Purification Process Development; Chesterfield MO 63017
| | - Scott Lute
- Office of Biotechnology Products; CDER/FDA, 10903 New Hampshire Ave.; Silver Spring MD 20903
| | - Kurt Brorson
- Office of Biotechnology Products; CDER/FDA, 10903 New Hampshire Ave.; Silver Spring MD 20903
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30
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Venkiteshwaran A, Fogle J, Patnaik P, Kowle R, Chen D. Mechanistic evaluation of virus clearance by depth filtration. Biotechnol Prog 2015; 31:431-7. [PMID: 25683459 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Virus clearance by depth filtration has not been well-understood mechanistically due to lack of quantitative data on filter charge characteristics and absence of systematic studies. It is generally believed that both electrostatic interactions and sized based mechanical entrapment contribute to virus clearance by depth filtration. In order to establish whether the effectiveness of virus clearance correlates with the charge characteristics of a given depth filter, a counter-ion displacement technique was employed to determine the ionic capacity for several depth filters. Two depth filters (Millipore B1HC and X0HC) with significant differences in ionic capacities were selected and evaluated for their ability to eliminate viruses. The high ionic capacity X0HC filter showed complete porcine parvovirus (PPV) clearance (eliminating the spiked viruses to below the limit of detection) under low conductivity conditions (≤2.5 mS/cm), achieving a log10 reduction factor (LRF) of > 4.8. On the other hand, the low ionic capacity B1HC filter achieved only ∼2.1-3.0 LRF of PPV clearance under the same conditions. These results indicate that parvovirus clearance by these two depth filters are mainly achieved via electrostatic interactions between the filters and PPV. When much larger xenotropic murine leukemia virus (XMuLV) was used as the model virus, complete retrovirus clearance was obtained under all conditions evaluated for both depth filters, suggesting the involvement of mechanisms other than just electrostatic interactions in XMuLV clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adith Venkiteshwaran
- Dept. of Bioproduct Research, Bioproduct Research and Development, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, DC3941 Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
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31
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32
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Mi X, Heldt CL. Adsorption of a non-enveloped mammalian virus to functionalized nanofibers. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 121:319-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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33
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Nestola P, Villain L, Peixoto C, Martins DL, Alves PM, Carrondo MJ, Mota JP. Impact of grafting on the design of new membrane adsorbers for adenovirus purification. J Biotechnol 2014; 181:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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34
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Miesegaes GR, Lute SC, Read EK, Brorson KA. Viral clearance by flow-through mode ion exchange columns and membrane adsorbers. Biotechnol Prog 2013; 30:124-31. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. R. Miesegaes
- Office of Biotechnology Products,CDER/FDA; 10903 New Hampshire Ave. Silver Spring MD 20903
| | - S. C. Lute
- Office of Biotechnology Products,CDER/FDA; 10903 New Hampshire Ave. Silver Spring MD 20903
| | - E. K. Read
- Office of Biotechnology Products,CDER/FDA; 10903 New Hampshire Ave. Silver Spring MD 20903
| | - K. A. Brorson
- Office of Biotechnology Products,CDER/FDA; 10903 New Hampshire Ave. Silver Spring MD 20903
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35
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Himstedt HH, Qian X, Weaver JR, Wickramasinghe SR. Responsive membranes for hydrophobic interaction chromatography. J Memb Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2013.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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36
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Orr V, Zhong L, Moo-Young M, Chou CP. Recent advances in bioprocessing application of membrane chromatography. Biotechnol Adv 2013; 31:450-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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