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Swami S, Suthar S, Singh R, Thakur AK, Gupta LR, Sikarwar VS. Potential of ionic liquids as emerging green solvent for the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:12871-12891. [PMID: 38285255 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32100-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass is available in abundance as a renewable resource, but the major portion of it is often discarded as waste without utilizing its immense potential as an alternative renewable energy resource. To overcome recalcitrance of lignocellulosic biomass, various pretreatment methods are applied to it, so that the complex and rigid polymeric structure can be broken down into fractions susceptible for enzymatic hydrolysis. Effective and efficient biomass processing is the goal of pretreatment methods, but none of the explored pretreatment methods are versatile enough to fulfil the requirement of biomass processing with greater flexibility in terms of operational cost and desired output efficiency. Deployment of green solvents such as ionic liquids for the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass has been a topic of discussion amongst the scientific community in recent times. The presented work provides a detailed overview on the deployment of ionic liquid for the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass coupled with a brief discussion on other pretreatments methods. The recyclability and reusability along with other unique properties makes an ionic liquid pretreatment different from the other traditional pretreatment methods. Also, this study explores diverse critical parameters that governs the dissolution process of biomass. Hazardous properties of ionic liquids have also been explored. Future perspective and recommendations have been given for an efficient, effective, and eco-friendly deployment of ionic liquid in biomass pretreatment process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Swami
- School of Environment & Natural Resources, Doon University, Dehradun, 248001, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Surindra Suthar
- School of Environment & Natural Resources, Doon University, Dehradun, 248001, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Rajesh Singh
- Division of Research & Innovation, Uttaranchal Institute of Technology, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, 248007, India
| | - Amit Kumar Thakur
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144001, India
| | - Lovi Raj Gupta
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144001, India
| | - Vineet Singh Sikarwar
- Institute of Plasma Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Za Slovankou 1782/3, 182 00, Prague 8, Czech Republic.
- Department of Power Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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2
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Zhou M, Tian X. Development of different pretreatments and related technologies for efficient biomass conversion of lignocellulose. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 202:256-268. [PMID: 35032493 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Lignocellulose, a kind of biological resource widely existing in nature, which can be transformed into value-added biochemical products through saccharification, fermentation or chemical catalysis. Pretreatments are the necessary step to increase the accessibility and digestibility of lignocellulose. This paper comprehensively reviewed different pretreatment progress of lignocellulose in recent year, including mechanical/thermal, biological, inorganic solvent, organic solvent and unconventional physical-chemical pretreatments, focusing on quantifying the influence of pretreatments on subsequent biomass conversion. In addition, related pretreatment techniques such as genetic engineering, reactor configurations, downstream process and visualization technology of pretreatment were discussed. Finally, this review presented the challenge of lignocellulose pretreatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingjun Tian
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China.
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Gupta A, Dhattarwal HS, Kashyap HK. Structure of cholinium glycinate biocompatible ionic liquid at graphite electrode interface. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:184702. [PMID: 34241030 DOI: 10.1063/5.0049171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We use constant potential molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the interfacial structure of the cholinium glycinate biocompatible ionic liquid (bio-IL) sandwiched between graphite electrodes with varying potential differences. Through number density profiles, we observe that the cation and anion densities oscillate up to ∼1.5 nm from the nearest electrode. The range of these oscillations does not change significantly with increasing electrode potential. However, the amplitudes of the cation (anion) density oscillations show a notable increase with increasing potential at the negative (positive) electrode. At higher potential differences, the bulkier N(CH3)3CH2 group of cholinium cations ([Ch]+) overcomes the steric barrier and comes closer to the negative electrode as compared to oxygen atom (O[Ch]+ ). We observe an increase in the interaction between O[Ch]+ and the positive electrode with a decrease in the distance between them on increasing the potential difference. We also observe hydrogen bonding between the hydroxyl group of [Ch]+ cations and oxygens of glycinate anions through the simulated tangential radial distribution function. Orientational order parameter analysis shows that the cation (anion) prefers to align parallel to the negative (positive) electrode at higher applied potential differences. Charge density profiles show a positive charge density peak near the positive electrode at all the potential differences because of the presence of partially positive charged hydrogen atoms of cations and anions. The differential capacitance (Cd) of the bio-IL shows two constant regimes, one for each electrode. The magnitude of these Cd values clearly suggests potential application of such bio-ILs as promising battery electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Harender S Dhattarwal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Hemant K Kashyap
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
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Shen X, Sun R. Recent advances in lignocellulose prior-fractionation for biomaterials, biochemicals, and bioenergy. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 261:117884. [PMID: 33766371 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Due to over-consumption of fossil resources and environmental problems, lignocellulosic biomass as the most abundant and renewable materials is considered as the best candidate to produce biomaterials, biochemicals, and bioenergy, which is of strategic significance and meets the theme of Green Chemistry. Highly efficient and green fractionation of lignocellulose components significantly boosts the high-value utilization of lignocellulose and the biorefinery development. However, heterogeneity of lignocellulosic structure severely limited the lignocellulose fractionation. This paper offers the summary and perspective of the extensive investigation that aims to give insight into the lignocellulose prior-fractionation. Based on the role and structure of lignocellulose component in the plant cell wall, lignocellulose prior-fractionation can be divided into cellulose-first strategy, hemicelluloses-first strategy, and lignin-first strategy, which realizes the selective dissociation and transformation of a component in lignocellulose. Ultimately, the challenges and opportunities of lignocellulose prior-fractionation are proposed on account of the existing problems in the biorefining valorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Shen
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China; State Key Laboratory of Catalysis (SKLC), Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy (DNL), Dalian, China
| | - Runcang Sun
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China.
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Vaculík M, Lukačová Z, Bokor B, Martinka M, Tripathi DK, Lux A. Alleviation mechanisms of metal(loid) stress in plants by silicon: a review. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:6744-6757. [PMID: 32569367 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si), although not considered as an essential element for plants in general, can ameliorate the phytotoxicity induced by excess metal(loid)s whether non-essential (e.g. Cd, Pb, Cr, Al, As, and Sb) or essential (e.g. Cu, Ni, and Zn). The Si-enhanced resistance allowing plants to cope with this type of abiotic stress has been developed at multiple levels in plants. Restriction of root uptake and immobilization of metal(loid)s in the rhizosphere by Si is probably one of the first defence mechanism. Further, retention of elements in the root apoplasm might enhance the resistance and vigour of plants. At the cellular level, the formation of insoluble complexes between Si and metal(loid)s and their storage within cell walls help plants to decrease available element concentration and restrict symplasmic uptake. Moreover, Si influences the oxidative status of plants by modifying the activity of various antioxidants, improves membrane stability, and acts on gene expression, although its exact role in these processes is still not well understood. This review focuses on all currently known plant-based mechanisms related to Si supply and involved in amelioration of stress caused by excess metal(loid)s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Vaculík
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Ilkovicova 6, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Lukačová
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Ilkovicova 6, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Boris Bokor
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Ilkovicova 6, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Comenius University Science Park, Ilkovicova 8, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michal Martinka
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Ilkovicova 6, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Durgesh Kumar Tripathi
- Amity Institute of Organic Agriculture, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sect 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Alexander Lux
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Ilkovicova 6, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Toledo Hijo AAC, Barros HDFQ, Maximo GJ, Cazarin CBB, da Costa LBE, Pereira JFB, Maróstica Junior MR, Meirelles AJA. Subacute toxicity assessment of biobased ionic liquids in rats. Food Res Int 2020; 134:109125. [PMID: 32517932 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) derived from compounds obtained from natural sources, such as fatty acids (FAs) have attracted the interest of the scientific and industrial communities because of their sustainable appeal and possible low toxic effects or nontoxicity. These aspects open new perspective of applications in other fields, which demands a better comprehension of their toxicity. This work evaluated the subacute toxicity of bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium carboxylates in Wistar rats, considering the alkyl chain length of FAs (capric and oleic acids), and the concentration (0.16%, 1.6% or 3.2%, wIL/wOil) of ILs added in diets. The blood serum of the rats was evaluated in relation to total cholesterol, triglycerides, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and γ-glutamyl transferase. Lipid peroxidation was determined in plasma, liver and kidney tissues by determining the level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. Histological analyses of the liver and kidney tissues were performed in order to evaluate morphological changes. No signal of toxicity was observed according to lipid peroxidation. Triglycerides increased with the increasing of the concentration and alkyl chain length of the IL, but no difference in serum level of lipid peroxidation was observed. This behavior may be attributed to the amphiphilic nature of FAs based ILs, which might facilitate lipid digestion. However, more studies are necessary in order to understand such behavior. Therefore, the synthesis of ILs from FAs, has been evaluated as a strategy to produce compounds with low or without toxicity for the agro-food, pharmaceutical or cosmetic industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel A C Toledo Hijo
- Laboratory of Extraction, Applied Thermodynamics and Equilibrium (EXTRAE), School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, R. Monteiro Lobato 80, 13083-862 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helena D F Q Barros
- Laboratory of Biological Assays (LEB), School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, R. Monteiro Lobato 80, 13083-862 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme J Maximo
- Laboratory of Extraction, Applied Thermodynamics and Equilibrium (EXTRAE), School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, R. Monteiro Lobato 80, 13083-862 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cinthia B B Cazarin
- Laboratory of Biological Assays (LEB), School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, R. Monteiro Lobato 80, 13083-862 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Larissa B E da Costa
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, R. Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, 13083-887 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jorge F B Pereira
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista, 14800-903, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mario R Maróstica Junior
- Laboratory of Biological Assays (LEB), School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, R. Monteiro Lobato 80, 13083-862 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio J A Meirelles
- Laboratory of Extraction, Applied Thermodynamics and Equilibrium (EXTRAE), School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, R. Monteiro Lobato 80, 13083-862 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Zhang J, Wang Y, Du X, Qu Y. Selective removal of lignin to enhance the process of preparing fermentable sugars and platform chemicals from lignocellulosic biomass. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 303:122846. [PMID: 32032935 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.122846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The economic dependency on fossil fuels and the resulting effects on climate and environment have put more focus on finding alternative renewable sources (e.g. lignocellulose) for the production of fuels and chemicals. Nevertheless, the yield and quality of fermentable sugar and platform chemical produced by directly degradation of lignocellulose are severely restricted owing to the presence of lignin and its derivatives. Therefore, the present study was aimed to selective removal of lignin to enhance the process of preparing fermentable sugars and platform chemicals from lignocellulosic biomass. The results showed that the highest degree of delignification was 92.01%. Reducing sugar obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulose was suitable for L-lactic acid fermentation without appreciable inhibition. The highest cellulose digestibility and yield of 5-HMF were 90.67% and 61.02%, respectively. SO42-/ZrO2 could be reused at least 5 times without appreciable loss of catalytic performance, which shows an industrial application prospects in biorefinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yuehai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; School of Chemical and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaojia Du
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yongshui Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
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Pérez-Pimienta JA, Icaza-Herrera JPA, Méndez-Acosta HO, González-Álvarez V, Méndoza-Pérez JA, Arreola-Vargas J. Bioderived ionic liquid-based pretreatment enhances methane production from Agave tequilana bagasse. RSC Adv 2020; 10:14025-14032. [PMID: 35498454 PMCID: PMC9051612 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra01849j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, bioderived ionic liquids have gained attention as a new promising approach for lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment. In this work, Agave tequilana bagasse (ATB), an attractive bioenergy feedstock in Mexico, was pretreated with a bioderived ionic liquid (cholinium lysinate) for the first time. Optimization of the pretreatment conditions, in-depth biomass characterization and methane generation via anaerobic digestion are the main contributions of this work. The results indicated optimized pretreatment conditions of 124 °C, 205 min and 20% solids loading by applying a central composite design. The optimized pretreated ATB was able to produce an elevated sugar yield of 51.4 g total sugars per g ATB due to their high delignification (45.4%) and changes in their chemical linkages although an increase in cellulose crystallinity was found (0.51 untreated vs. 0.62 pretreated). Finally, the mass balance showed that 38.2 kg glucose and 13.1 kg xylose were converted into 12.5 kg of methane per 100 kg of untreated ATB, representing 86% of the theoretical methane yield and evidencing the potential of this biorefinery scheme. Methane conversion is enhanced by optimized bioderived ionic-liquid pretreated Agave tequilana bagasse with in-depth biomass characterization analysis.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José P A Icaza-Herrera
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, CUCEI-Universidad de Guadalajara Guadalajara Jalisco Mexico
| | - Hugo O Méndez-Acosta
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, CUCEI-Universidad de Guadalajara Guadalajara Jalisco Mexico
| | - Victor González-Álvarez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, CUCEI-Universidad de Guadalajara Guadalajara Jalisco Mexico
| | - Jorge A Méndoza-Pérez
- Department of Engineering in Environmental Systems, Instituto Politécnico Nacional Mexico City Mexico
| | - Jorge Arreola-Vargas
- División de Procesos Industriales, Universidad Tecnológica de Jalisco Guadalajara Jalisco Mexico
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Li X, Sha J, Xia Y, Sheng K, Liu Y, He Y. Quantitative visualization of subcellular lignocellulose revealing the mechanism of alkali pretreatment to promote methane production of rice straw. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2020; 13:8. [PMID: 31988660 PMCID: PMC6966900 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-1648-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a renewable carbon source, biomass energy not only helps in resolving the management problems of lignocellulosic wastes, but also helps to alleviate the global climate change by controlling environmental pollution raised by their generation on a large scale. However, the bottleneck problem of extensive production of biofuels lies in the filamentous crystal structure of cellulose and the embedded connection with lignin in biomass that leads to poor accessibility, weak degradation and digestion by microorganisms. Some pretreatment methods have shown significant improvement of methane yield and production rate, but the promotion mechanism has not been thoroughly studied. Revealing the temporal and spatial effects of pretreatment on lignocellulose will greatly help deepen our understanding of the optimization mechanism of pretreatment, and promote efficient utilization of lignocellulosic biomass. Here, we propose an approach for qualitative, quantitative, and location analysis of subcellular lignocellulosic changes induced by alkali treatment based on label-free Raman microspectroscopy combined with chemometrics. RESULTS Firstly, the variations of rice straw induced by alkali treatment were characterized by the Raman spectra, and the Raman fingerprint characteristics for classification of rice straw were captured. Then, a label-free Raman chemical imaging strategy was executed to obtain subcellular distribution of the lignocellulose, in the strategy a serious interference of plant tissues' fluorescence background was effectively removed. Finally, the effects of alkali pretreatment on the subcellular spatial distribution of lignocellulose in different types of cells were discovered. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrated the mechanism of alkali treatment that promotes methane production in rice straw through anaerobic digestion by means of a systemic study of the evidence from the macroscopic measurement and Raman microscopic quantitative and localization two-angle views. Raman chemical imaging combined with chemometrics could nondestructively realize qualitative, quantitative, and location analysis of the lignocellulose of rice straw at a subcellular level in a label-free way, which was beneficial to optimize pretreatment for the improvement of biomass conversion efficiency and promote extensive utilization of biofuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Li
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 China
- Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 China
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Junjing Sha
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 China
- Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 China
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Yihua Xia
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 China
- Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 China
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Kuichuan Sheng
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 China
- Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 China
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Yufei Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 China
- Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 China
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Yong He
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 China
- Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 China
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 China
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Stevens JC, Shi J. Biocatalysis in ionic liquids for lignin valorization: Opportunities and recent developments. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 37:107418. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.107418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Carrozza CF, Papa G, Citterio A, Sebastiano R, Simmons BA, Singh S. One-pot bio-derived ionic liquid conversion followed by hydrogenolysis reaction for biomass valorization: A promising approach affecting the morphology and quality of lignin of switchgrass and poplar. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 294:122214. [PMID: 31605914 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The use of bio-derived ionic liquids (e.g., cholinium lysinate) in a one-pot process was evaluated on overall sugar and lignin yields as a function of two model woody and herbaceous feedstocks, switchgrass and poplar, with emphasis on the study of physical and chemical alterations in lignin structure, by performing a detailed mass balance analysis and chemical characterization. Multiple chromatographic and spectroscopic analytical techniques were applied tracking lignin reactivity and partitioning during the ionic liquid one-pot conversion. Depolymerization efficiency of the lignin-rich residue derived from the whole process was investigated as a function of different temperatures and pressures during catalytic hydrogenolysis by Ni(SO)4. This study validates the potential of ionic liquid one pot process as an integrated approach for full exploitation of lignocellulosic feedstocks. The insights gained will contribute to the design of future conversion routes for efficient biomass deconstruction and lignin valorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Francesca Carrozza
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta" Milano, IT, Italy
| | - Gabriella Papa
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA, USA; Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Attilio Citterio
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta" Milano, IT, Italy
| | - Roberto Sebastiano
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta" Milano, IT, Italy
| | - Blake A Simmons
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA, USA; Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Seema Singh
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA, USA; Biological and Engineering Science Center, Sandia National Laboratories, 7011 East Avenue, Livermore, CA, USA.
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Review of Alternative Solvents for Green Extraction of Food and Natural Products: Panorama, Principles, Applications and Prospects. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24163007. [PMID: 31430982 PMCID: PMC6721174 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24163007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, almost all extraction processes in the perfume, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, food ingredients, nutraceuticals, biofuel and fine chemical industries rely massively on solvents, the majority of which have petroleum origins. The intricate processing steps involved in the industrial extraction cycle makes it increasingly difficult to predict the overall environmental impact; despite the tremendous energy consumption and the substantial usage of solvents, often the yields are indicated in decimals. The ideal alternative solvents suitable for green extraction should have high solvency, high flash points with low toxicity and low environmental impacts, be easily biodegradable, obtained from renewable (non-petrochemical) resources at a reasonable price and should be easy to recycle without any deleterious effect to the environment. Finding the perfect solvent that meets all the aforementioned requirements is a challenging task, thus the decision for the optimum solvent will always be a compromise depending on the process, the plant and the target molecules. The objective of this comprehensive review is to furnish a vivid picture of current knowledge on alternative, green solvents used in laboratories and industries alike for the extraction of natural products focusing on original methods, innovation, protocols, and development of safe products.
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Abstract
Background: Common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) is an annual spring-emerging crop that is classified among the dicotyledons, due to the manner of its cultivation, use, and chemical composition of seeds. The use of buckwheat straw for energy purposes—for example, for the production of second generation bioethanol—might enable its wider application and increase the cost-effectiveness of tillage. Methods: In this study, we examined the usability of buckwheat straw for the production of bioethanol. We pretreated the raw material with ionic liquids and subsequently performed enzymatic hydrolysis and alcoholic fermentation. The obtained chemometric data were analyzed using the Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression model. PLS regression in combination with spectral analysis within the near-infrared (NIR) spectrum allowed for the rapid determination of the amount of cellulose in the raw material and also provided information on the changes taking place in its structure. Results: We obtained good results for the combination of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate as the ionic liquid and Cellic CTec2 as the enzymatic preparation for the pretreatment of buckwheat straw. The highest concentration of glucose following 72 h of enzymatic hydrolysis was found to be around 5.5 g/dm3. The highest concentration of ethanol (3.31 g/dm3) was obtained with the combination of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate for the pretreatment and cellulase from Trichoderma reesei for enzymatic hydrolysis. Conclusions: In summary, the efficiency of the fermentation process is strictly associated with the pool of available fermenting sugars, and it depends on the type of ionic liquid used during the pretreatment and on the enzymatic preparation. It is possible to obtain bioethanol from buckwheat straw using ionic liquid for pretreatment of the raw material prior to the enzymatic hydrolysis and alcoholic fermentation of the material.
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De Schouwer F, Claes L, Vandekerkhove A, Verduyckt J, De Vos DE. Protein-Rich Biomass Waste as a Resource for Future Biorefineries: State of the Art, Challenges, and Opportunities. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:1272-1303. [PMID: 30667150 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201802418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Protein-rich biomass provides a valuable feedstock for the chemical industry. This Review describes every process step in the value chain from protein waste to chemicals. The first part deals with the physicochemical extraction of proteins from biomass, hydrolytic degradation to peptides and amino acids, and separation of amino acid mixtures. The second part provides an overview of physical and (bio)chemical technologies for the production of polymers, commodity chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and other fine chemicals. This can be achieved by incorporation of oligopeptides into polymers, or by modification and defunctionalization of amino acids, for example, their reduction to amino alcohols, decarboxylation to amines, (cyclic) amides and nitriles, deamination to (di)carboxylic acids, and synthesis of fine chemicals and ionic liquids. Bio- and chemocatalytic approaches are compared in terms of scope, efficiency, and sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Free De Schouwer
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, post box 2461, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Laurens Claes
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, post box 2461, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Annelies Vandekerkhove
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, post box 2461, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Jasper Verduyckt
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, post box 2461, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Dirk E De Vos
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, post box 2461, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium
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Gupta A, Kaur S, Kashyap HK. How Water Permutes the Structural Organization and Microscopic Dynamics of Cholinium Glycinate Biocompatible Ionic Liquid. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:2057-2069. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b10235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Supreet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Hemant K. Kashyap
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
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Outeiriño D, Costa-Trigo I, Paz A, Deive FJ, Rodríguez A, Domínguez JM. Biorefining brewery spent grain polysaccharides through biotuning of ionic liquids. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 203:265-274. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Dong M, Wang S, Xu F, Wang J, Yang N, Li Q, Chen J, Li W. Pretreatment of sweet sorghum straw and its enzymatic digestion: insight into the structural changes and visualization of hydrolysis process. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:276. [PMID: 31768194 PMCID: PMC6874820 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1613-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficient utilization of lignocellulosic biomass for biofuel production has received increasing attention. Previous studies have investigated the pretreatment process of biomass, but the detailed enzymatic hydrolysis process of pretreated biomass remains largely unclear. Thus, this study investigated the pretreatment efficiency of dilute alkali, acid, hydrogen peroxide and its ultimate effects on enzymatic hydrolysis. Furthermore, to better understand the enzymatic digestion process of alkali-pretreated sweet sorghum straw (SSS), multimodal microscopy techniques were used to visualize the enzymatic hydrolysis process. RESULT After pretreatment with alkali, an enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency of 86.44% was obtained, which increased by 99.54% compared to the untreated straw (43.23%). The FTIR, XRD and SEM characterization revealed a sequence of microstructural changes occurring in plant cell walls after pretreatment, including the destruction of lignin-polysaccharide interactions, the increase of porosity and crystallinity, and reduction of recalcitrance. During the course of hydrolysis, the cellulase dissolved the cell walls in the same manner and the digestion firstly occurred from the middle of cell walls and then toward the cell wall corners. The CLSM coupled with fluorescent labeling demonstrated that the sclerenchyma cells and vascular bundles in natural SSS were highly lignified, which caused the nonproductive bindings of cellulase on lignin. However, the efficient delignification significantly increased the accessibility and digestibility of cellulase to biomass, thereby improving the saccharification efficiency. CONCLUSION This work will be helpful in investigating the biomass pretreatment and its structural characterization. In addition, the visualization results of the enzymatic hydrolysis process of pretreated lignocellulose could be used for guidance to explore the lignocellulosic biomass processing and large-scale biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaoyin Dong
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Rd., Lanzhou, 730000 Gansu People’s Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuyang Wang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Rd., Lanzhou, 730000 Gansu People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Biology, Gansu Academy of Sciences, 197 Dingxi South Rd., Lanzhou, 730000 Gansu People’s Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049 People’s Republic of China
| | - Fuqiang Xu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Rd., Lanzhou, 730000 Gansu People’s Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049 People’s Republic of China
| | - Junkai Wang
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Anning Rd., Lanzhou, 730000 Gansu People’s Republic of China
| | - Ning Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Anning Rd., Lanzhou, 730000 Gansu People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiaoqiao Li
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Rd., Lanzhou, 730000 Gansu People’s Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jihong Chen
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Rd., Lanzhou, 730000 Gansu People’s Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjian Li
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Rd., Lanzhou, 730000 Gansu People’s Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049 People’s Republic of China
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Luo H, Yang R, Zhao Y, Wang Z, Liu Z, Huang M, Zeng Q. Recent advances and strategies in process and strain engineering for the production of butyric acid by microbial fermentation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 253:343-354. [PMID: 29329775 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Butyric acid is an important platform chemical, which is widely used in the fields of food, pharmaceutical, energy, etc. Microbial fermentation as an alternative approach for butyric acid production is attracting great attention as it is an environmentally friendly bioprocessing. However, traditional fermentative butyric acid production is still not economically competitive compared to chemical synthesis route, due to the low titer, low productivity, and high production cost. Therefore, reduction of butyric acid production cost by utilization of alternative inexpensive feedstock, and improvement of butyric acid production and productivity has become an important target. Recently, several advanced strategies have been developed for enhanced butyric acid production, including bioprocess techniques and metabolic engineering methods. This review provides an overview of advances and strategies in process and strain engineering for butyric acid production by microbial fermentation. Additionally, future perspectives on improvement of butyric acid production are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhen Luo
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China.
| | - Rongling Yang
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China
| | - Yuping Zhao
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China
| | - Zhaoyu Wang
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China
| | - Mengyu Huang
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China
| | - Qingwei Zeng
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China
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21
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Supercritical CO2 technology applied to the production of flavor ester compounds through lipase-catalyzed reaction: A review. J CO2 UTIL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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22
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Zhao Z, Yang Y, Abdeltawab AA, Yakout SM, Chen X, Yu G. Cholinium amino acids-glycerol mixtures: New class of solvents for pretreating wheat straw to facilitate enzymatic hydrolysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 245:625-632. [PMID: 28910650 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.08.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
New solvents for pretreating wheat straw, mixtures of cholinium amino acids ionic liquids ([Ch][AA] ILs) and glycerol, were developed. As a typical result, 50% cholinium alanine-glycerol is capable of removing 67.6% lignin while reserving 95.1% cellulose (90°C, L/S mass ratio of 20:1, 6h) and the conversions of cellulose and xylan are 89.7% and 70.9%, respectively, which is comparable to the pretreatment capability of other solvents, while [Ch][AA]-glycerol mixtures have desirable advantages, e.g., biocompatibility, lower cost with adding glycerol than pure IL, much lower pretreatment temperature (typically <100°C) than that by glycerol (typically >200°C). Lignin removal and polysaccharide conversion are dependent on [Ch][AA] content and pH of pretreatment solvents. [Ch][AA] not only remove lignin in wheat straw effectively but also swell cellulose while not remarkably dissolve cellulose with high cellulose reservation, favoring the enzymatic hydrolysis. Such mixtures of ILs and co-solvents are potential solvents for pretreating biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Technology & College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yongyi Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Technology & College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ahmed A Abdeltawab
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sobhy M Yakout
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiaochun Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Technology & College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Guangren Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Technology & College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
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Physicochemical transformation of rice straw after pretreatment with a deep eutectic solvent of choline chloride/urea. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 176:307-314. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.08.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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24
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Papa G, Feldman T, Sale KL, Adani F, Singh S, Simmons BA. Parametric study for the optimization of ionic liquid pretreatment of corn stover. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 241:627-637. [PMID: 28605727 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.05.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A parametric study of the efficacy of the ionic liquid (IL) pretreatment (PT) of corn stover (CS) using 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([C2C1Im][OAc]) and cholinium lysinate ([Ch][Lys]) was conducted. The impact of 50% and 15% biomass loading for milled and non-milled CS on IL-PT was evaluated, as well the impact of 20 and 5mg enzyme/g glucan on saccharification efficiency. The glucose and xylose released were generated from 32 conditions - 2 ionic liquids (ILs), 2 temperatures, 2 particle sizes (S), 2 solid loadings, and 2 enzyme loadings. Statistical analysis indicates that sugar yields were correlated with lignin and xylan removal and depends on the factors, where S did not explain variation in sugar yields. Both ILs were effective in pretreating large particle sized CS, without compromising sugar yields. The knowledge from material and energy balances is an essential step in directing optimization of sugar recovery at desirable process conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Papa
- Deconstruction Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA, USA; Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Taya Feldman
- Deconstruction Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA, USA; Biological and Engineering Science Center, Sandia National Laboratories, 7011 East Avenue, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Kenneth L Sale
- Deconstruction Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA, USA; Biological and Engineering Science Center, Sandia National Laboratories, 7011 East Avenue, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Fabrizio Adani
- Gruppo Ricicla-DiSAA, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Seema Singh
- Deconstruction Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA, USA; Biological and Engineering Science Center, Sandia National Laboratories, 7011 East Avenue, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Blake A Simmons
- Deconstruction Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA, USA; Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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Li HY, Chen X, Wang CZ, Sun SN, Sun RC. Evaluation of the two-step treatment with ionic liquids and alkali for enhancing enzymatic hydrolysis of Eucalyptus: chemical and anatomical changes. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2016; 9:166. [PMID: 27499809 PMCID: PMC4974680 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-016-0578-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The biomass recalcitrance resulting from its chemical compositions and physical structures impedes the conversion of biomass into fermentable sugars. Pretreatment is a necessary procedure to increase the cellulase accessibility for bioconversion of lignocelluloses into bioethanol. Alternatively, ionic liquids, a series of promising solvents, provide unique opportunities for pretreating a wide range of lignocellulosic materials. In this study, a two-step treatment including ionic liquids pretreatment and successive alkali fractionations was performed on Eucalyptus to achieve a high enzymatic digestibility. The compositional and structural changes of Eucalyptus cell walls and their possible effect on saccharification ratio were comprehensively investigated. RESULTS After the ionic liquids pretreatment, the cell walls became loose and even swelled, accompanying with the decrease of cellulose crystallinity. As compared to the simplex ionic liquids pretreatment, the integrated process resulted in the significant removal of hemicelluloses and lignin, enhancing the disruption of the cell walls and increasing the exposure of cellulose, which led to a higher conversion of cellulose to glucose. The glucose yield of Eucalyptus underwent the combination of [Bmim]OAc and alkali treatments reached the maximum (90.53 %), which was 6.6 times higher than that of the untreated Eucalyptus. The combination of chemical compositions and physical structure of Eucalyptus affected the efficiency of cellulose enzymatic hydrolysis. Especially, the changes of cellulose crystallinity played a major role in enhancing the enzymatic digestibility of Eucalyptus in this study. CONCLUSIONS The two-step treatment with ionic liquids pretreatment and successive alkali fractionation can be considered as a promising method to improve the conversion of cellulose to glucose. The detailed information obtained about chemical and anatomical changes was helpful to understand the underlying mechanism of the integrated treatment process acting on Eucalyptus for enhancing enzymatic digestibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Yin Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Xue Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Chen-Zhou Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Shao-Ni Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Run-Cang Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640 China
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Hou XD, Xu J, Li N, Zong MH. Effect of anion structures on cholinium ionic liquids pretreatment of rice straw and the subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis. Biotechnol Bioeng 2014; 112:65-73. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.25335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Dan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering; College of Light Industry and Food Sciences; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
- College of Biosciences and Bioengineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou China
| | - Jie Xu
- College of Biosciences and Bioengineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou China
| | - Ning Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering; College of Light Industry and Food Sciences; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Min-Hua Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering; College of Light Industry and Food Sciences; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
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Zhang X, Ma J, Ji Z, Yang GH, Zhou X, Xu F. Using confocal Raman microscopy to real-time monitor poplar cell wall swelling and dissolution during ionic liquid pretreatment. Microsc Res Tech 2014; 77:609-18. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xun Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry; Beijing Forestry University; Beijing 100083 China
| | - Jing Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry; Beijing Forestry University; Beijing 100083 China
| | - Zhe Ji
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry; Beijing Forestry University; Beijing 100083 China
| | - Gui-Hua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science & Technology of Ministry of Education; Qilu University of Technology; Jinan 250353 China
| | - Xia Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry; Beijing Forestry University; Beijing 100083 China
| | - Feng Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry; Beijing Forestry University; Beijing 100083 China
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Abstract
Phenolic compounds sourced from agro-based feedstock, viz. cashew nut shell liquid, lignin, tannin, palm oil, and coconut shell tar, have come up as sustainable alternatives to petro-based feedstock. This review explores their utility as green polymer feedstock with citation of ~ 600 references.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bimlesh Lochab
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Natural Sciences
- Shiv Nadar University
- Greater Noida, India
| | - Swapnil Shukla
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Natural Sciences
- Shiv Nadar University
- Greater Noida, India
| | - Indra K. Varma
- Centre for Polymer Science and Engineering
- IIT, Delhi
- New Delhi, India
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Bubalo MC, Radošević K, Redovniković IR, Halambek J, Srček VG. A brief overview of the potential environmental hazards of ionic liquids. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2014; 99:1-12. [PMID: 24210364 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 327] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Over past decades ionic liquids, a promising alternative to traditional organic solvents, have been dramatically expanding in popularity as a new generation of chemicals with potential uses in various areas in industry. In the literature these compounds have often been referred to as environmentally friendly; however, in recent years the perception of their greenness dramatically changed as the scientific community began to proactively assess the risk of their application based on the entire life-cycle. This review gives a brief overview of the current knowledge regarding the potential risks linked to the application of ionic liquids - from preparation to their disposal, with special emphasis on their potential environmental impacts and future directions in designing inherently safer ionic liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Cvjetko Bubalo
- Laboratory for Cell Culture Technology, Application and Biotransformations, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Zhang Z, Rackemann DW, Doherty WOS, O’Hara IM. Glycerol carbonate as green solvent for pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2013; 6:153. [PMID: 24156757 PMCID: PMC4015548 DOI: 10.1186/1754-6834-6-153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass is a prerequisite for effective saccharification to produce fermentable sugars. In this study, "green" solvent systems based on acidified mixtures of glycerol carbonate (GC) and glycerol were used to treat sugarcane bagasse and the roles of each solvent in deconstructing biomass were determined. RESULTS Pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse at 90°C for only 30 min with acidified GC produced a solid residue having a glucan digestibility of 90% and a glucose yield of 80%, which were significantly higher than a glucan digestibility of 16% and a glucose yield of 15% obtained for bagasse pretreated with acidified ethylene carbonate (EC). Biomass compositional analyses showed that GC pretreatment removed more lignin than EC pretreatment (84% vs 54%). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that fluffy and size-reduced fibres were produced from GC pretreatment whereas EC pretreatment produced compact particles of reduced size. The maximal glucan digestibility and glucose yield of GC/glycerol systems were about 7% lower than those of EC/ethylene glycol (EG) systems. Replacing up to 50 wt% of GC with glycerol did not negatively affect glucan digestibility and glucose yield. The results from pretreatment of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) showed that (1) pretreatment with acidified alkylene glycol (AG) alone increased enzymatic digestibility compared to pretreatments with acidified alkylene carbonate (AC) alone and acidified mixtures of AC and AG, (2) pretreatment with acidified GC alone slightly increased, but with acidified EC alone significantly decreased, enzymatic digestibility compared to untreated MCC, and (3) there was a good positive linear correlation of enzymatic digestibility of treated and untreated MCC samples with congo red (CR) adsorption capacity. CONCLUSIONS Acidified GC alone was a more effective solvent for pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse than acidified EC alone. The higher glucose yield obtained with GC-pretreated bagasse is possibly due to the presence of one hydroxyl group in the GC molecular structure, resulting in more significant biomass delignification and defibrillation, though both solvent pretreatments reduced bagasse particles to a similar extent. The maximum glucan digestibility of GC/glycerol systems was less than that of EC/EG systems, which is likely attributed to glycerol being less effective than EG in biomass delignification and defibrillation. Acidified AC/AG solvent systems were more effective for pretreatment of lignin-containing biomass than MCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanying Zhang
- Syngenta Centre for Sugarcane Biofuels Development, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2432, 2 George St, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2432, 2 George St, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Darryn W Rackemann
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2432, 2 George St, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - William O S Doherty
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2432, 2 George St, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Ian M O’Hara
- Syngenta Centre for Sugarcane Biofuels Development, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2432, 2 George St, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2432, 2 George St, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
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Gu T, Held MA, Faik A. Supercritical CO2 and ionic liquids for the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass in bioethanol production. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2013; 34:1735-49. [PMID: 24350431 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2013.809777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Owing to high petroleum prices, there has been a major push in recent years to use lignocellulosic biomass as biorefinery feedstocks. Unfortunately, by nature's design, lignocellulosic biomass is notoriously recalcitrant. Cellulose is the most abundant renewable carbon source on the planet and comprises glucan polysaccharides which self-assemble into paracrystalline microfibrils. The extent of cellulose crystallinity largely contributes to biomass recalcitrance. Additionally, cellulose microfibrils are embedded into both hemicellulose and lignin polymeric networks, making cellulose accessibility an additional obstacle. Pretreatment is necessary before enzymatic hydrolysis in order to liberate high yields of glucose and other fermentable sugars from biomass polysaccharides. This work discusses two pretreatment methods, supercritical CO2 and ionic liquids (ILs). Both methods utilize green solvents that do not emit toxic vapours. Mechanisms for destroying or weakening biomass recalcitrance have been explored. Various pretreatment operating parameters such as temperature, pressure, time, dry biomass/solvent ratio, water content, etc. have been investigated for the pretreatment of various biomass types such as corn stover, switchgrass, sugarcane bagasse, soft and hard wood. The two pretreatment methods have their pros and cons. For example, supercritical CO2 explosion pretreatment uses inexpensive CO2, but requires a high pressure. By comparison, while IL pretreatment does not require an elevated pressure, ILs are still too expensive for large-scale uses. Further research and development are needed to make the two green pretreatment methods practical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyue Gu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
| | - Michael A Held
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Ahmed Faik
- Environmental and Plant Biology Department, Ohio University Athens, OH 45701, USA
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