1
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Lakatos D, Idler M, Stibitzky S, Amann J, Schuschkewitz J, Krayl D, Liebau J, Grosch JH, Arango Gutierrez E, Kluters S. Buffer system improves the removal of host cell protein impurities in monoclonal antibody purification. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024. [PMID: 39295215 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024]
Abstract
Polysorbates (PS) are commonly used as stabilizers of biopharmaceuticals such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). However, they are prone to chemical and enzymatic degradation. The latter can be caused by residual host cell proteins (HCPs) in the drug substance. Degradation affects the functionality of the PS surfactant which can lead to formation of particles. An increasing number of publications describe enzymatic PS degradation. Significant efforts have been made to characterize HCP removal during Downstream Processing (DSP) of mAbs and to develop mitigation strategies. Here we describe the use of glycine buffer for acidic elution in Protein A affinity chromatography compared to acetate buffer, which is more commonly used in the biopharmaceutical industry. Increased turbidity was observed during pH re-adjustment after low pH virus inactivation when using glycine buffer. Analytical data suggests that this turbidity is caused by the formation of precipitates which include HCP and DNA impurities. Additionally, as a zwitterion, glycine does not contribute to conductivity; this further enhances HCP removal during anion-exchange flow-through chromatography. Although glycine is well known as a possible elution buffer for Protein A affinity chromatography, its positive impact on HCP removal and PS stability have not yet been described in literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dániel Lakatos
- Bioprocess Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Martina Idler
- Development Operations, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Selina Stibitzky
- Bioprocess Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Jennifer Amann
- Bioprocess Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Jakob Schuschkewitz
- Bioprocess Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Dominik Krayl
- Bioprocess Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Judith Liebau
- Bioprocess Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Jan-Hendrik Grosch
- Bioprocess Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Erik Arango Gutierrez
- Bioprocess Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Simon Kluters
- Bioprocess Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
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2
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Hutchinson J, Lu Y, Grew L, Cui T. Improved clearance of host cell protein impurities at the polishing purification step using multimodal chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1732:465229. [PMID: 39128237 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
In biotherapeutic protein production, host cell proteins (HCPs) are one of the main process related impurities which must be cleared and controlled through downstream processing. In this paper, we studied a novel therapeutic protein molecule which had a high level of HCP co-purification throughout the downstream process. Here, we focused on the polishing purification step and developed an effective strategy for improving HCP clearance using multimodal chromatography (MMC) resin, Nuvia cPrime. A high throughput process development (HTPD) workflow was used to identify the resin and process conditions which could enable significant HCP clearance while maintaining acceptable product quality and process performance. HCP analysis of gradient elution fractions on multimodal chromatography found that HCPs eluted at the beginning of the gradient, at a lower salt concentration than the therapeutic protein. Based on these findings, a step elution process involving an intermediate low salt wash was developed to clear weak-binding HCPs, while retaining the therapeutic protein on the column. This strategy was highly effective and enabled 80 % reduction in total HCP content, including some problematic and difficult to remove candidates such as Peroxiredoxin-1, Serine protease HTRA1, Clusterin and Lipoprotein lipase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Hutchinson
- Purification Process Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals Development, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK; Analytical Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals Development, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yali Lu
- Analytical Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals Development, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, US
| | - Lara Grew
- Robotics and Automation, BioPharmaceuticals Development, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tingting Cui
- Purification Process Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals Development, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK.
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3
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Zarei M, Jonveaux J, Razvi A, Jahn M. Integrated strategy for deep profiling of host cell proteins in downstream processing of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies: Novel approach to isolate and digest host cell proteins. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2024; 201:114369. [PMID: 38885909 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Host cell proteins (HCPs) are process-related impurities generated during the production of biopharmaceuticals, which may contaminate the final product unless they are efficiently removed. Due to their potential impact on product safety, quality and efficacy, regulatory authorities require removal of HCPs during processing down to trace amounts in final manufactured biopharmaceuticals. The current standard method for detecting HCPs is enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), which should reveal the total amount of HCPs. A necessary orthogonal technique to get more granular information on HCPs is obtained by application of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) techniques that permit identification and quantification of individual HCPs. However, differences in sample preparation methods and MS acquisition techniques have led to discrepancies in detected HCPs between studies, which may compromise product safety, quality and efficacy. To address this issue, we have developed a novel and reproducible workflow for isolation, digestion, and mass spectrometry detection of HCPs that is applicable to downstream process characterization of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). This article describes a rapid and efficient workflow for the isolation, digestion and identification of HCPs. For the first time, Fc-receptor (FcγRIIIa) affinity chromatography is employed to isolate the HCP fraction from the mAb. Next, the HCPs are precipitated with acetone and digested using a newly developed "single-pot" method that improves digestion performance and prevents sample loss of problematic low-abundant HCPs. The new HCP isolation method outperforms protein A affinity chromatography for monitoring problematic HCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Zarei
- Lonza AG, Drug Product Services, Hochbergerstrasse 60G, CH-4057 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Jérôme Jonveaux
- Lonza AG, Drug Product Services, Hochbergerstrasse 60G, CH-4057 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Abbas Razvi
- Lonza AG, Drug Product Services, Hochbergerstrasse 60G, CH-4057 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Jahn
- Lonza AG, Drug Product Services, Hochbergerstrasse 60G, CH-4057 Basel, Switzerland
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4
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Ito T, Lutz H, Tan L, Wang B, Tan J, Patel M, Chen L, Tsunakawa Y, Park B, Banerjee S. Host cell proteins in monoclonal antibody processing: Control, detection, and removal. Biotechnol Prog 2024; 40:e3448. [PMID: 38477405 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Host cell proteins (HCPs) are process-related impurities in a therapeutic protein expressed using cell culture technology. This review presents biopharmaceutical industry trends in terms of both HCPs in the bioprocessing of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and the capabilities for HCP clearance by downstream unit operations. A comprehensive assessment of currently implemented and emerging technologies in the manufacturing processes with extensive references was performed. Meta-analyses of published downstream data were conducted to identify trends. Improved analytical methods and understanding of "high-risk" HCPs lead to more robust manufacturing processes and higher-quality therapeutics. The trend of higher cell density cultures leads to both higher mAb expression and higher HCP levels. However, HCP levels can be significantly reduced with improvements in operations, resulting in similar concentrations of approx. 10 ppm HCPs. There are no differences in the performance of HCP clearance between recent enhanced downstream operations and traditional batch processing. This review includes best practices for developing improved processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Ito
- Life Science, Process Solutions, Merck Ltd. (An Affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Herb Lutz
- Independent Consultant, Sudbury, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lihan Tan
- Life Science Services, Sigma-Aldrich Pte Ltd, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bin Wang
- Life Science, Process Solutions, Merck Chemicals (Shanghai) Co. Ltd. (An Affiliate of Merck KGaA Darmstadt, Germany), Shanghai, China
| | - Janice Tan
- Life Science, Process Solutions, Merck Pte Ltd. (An Affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Singapore
| | - Masum Patel
- Life Science, Process Solutions, Merck Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd. (An Affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Bangalore, India
| | - Lance Chen
- Life Science, Process Solutions, Merck Pte Ltd. (An Affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Singapore
| | - Yuki Tsunakawa
- Life Science, Process Solutions, Merck Ltd. (An Affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Byunghyun Park
- Life Science, Process Solutions, Merck Ltd. (An Affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Seoul, South Korea
| | - Subhasis Banerjee
- Life Science, Process Solutions, Merck Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd. (An Affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Bangalore, India
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5
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Guo J, Traylor SJ, Agoub M, Jin W, Hua H, Diemer RB, Xu X, Ghose S, Li ZJ, Lenhoff AM. Modeling scalability of impurity precipitation in downstream biomanufacturing. Biotechnol Prog 2024; 40:e3454. [PMID: 38539261 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Precipitation during the viral inactivation, neutralization and depth filtration step of a monoclonal antibody (mAb) purification process can provide quantifiable and potentially significant impurity reduction. However, robust commercial implementation of this unit operation is limited due to the lack of a representative scale-down model to characterize the removal of impurities. The objective of this work is to compare isoelectric impurity precipitation behavior for a monoclonal antibody product across scales, from benchtop to pilot manufacturing. Scaling parameters such as agitation and vessel geometry were investigated, with the precipitate amount and particle size distribution (PSD) characterized via turbidity and flow imaging microscopy. Qualitative analysis of the data shows that maintaining a consistent energy dissipation rate (EDR) could be used for approximate scaling of vessel geometry and agitator speeds in the absence of more detailed simulation. For a more rigorous approach, however, agitation was simulated via computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and these results were applied alongside a population balance model to simulate the trajectory of the size distribution of precipitate. CFD results were analyzed within a framework of a two-compartment mixing model comprising regions of high- and low-energy agitation, with material exchange between the two. Rate terms accounting for particle formation, growth and breakage within each region were defined, accounting for dependence on turbulence. This bifurcated model was successful in capturing the variability in particle sizes over time across scales. Such an approach enhances the mechanistic understanding of impurity precipitation and provides additional tools for model-assisted prediction for process scaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol Myers Squibb, Devens, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Steven J Traylor
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol Myers Squibb, Devens, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mohamed Agoub
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol Myers Squibb, Devens, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Weixin Jin
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol Myers Squibb, Devens, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Helen Hua
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol Myers Squibb, Devens, Massachusetts, USA
| | - R Bertrum Diemer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Xuankuo Xu
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol Myers Squibb, Devens, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sanchayita Ghose
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol Myers Squibb, Devens, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zheng Jian Li
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol Myers Squibb, Devens, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Abraham M Lenhoff
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
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6
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Panikulam S, Hanke A, Kroener F, Karle A, Anderka O, Villiger TK, Lebesgue N. Host cell protein networks as a novel co-elution mechanism during protein A chromatography. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024; 121:1716-1728. [PMID: 38454640 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Host cell proteins (HCPs) are process-related impurities of therapeutic proteins produced in for example, Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Protein A affinity chromatography is the initial capture step to purify monoclonal antibodies or Fc-based proteins and is most effective for HCP removal. Previously proposed mechanisms that contribute to co-purification of HCPs with the therapeutic protein are either HCP-drug association or leaching from chromatin heteroaggregates. In this study, we analyzed protein A eluates of 23 Fc-based proteins by LC-MS/MS to determine their HCP content. The analysis revealed a high degree of heterogeneity in the number of HCPs identified in the different protein A eluates. Among all identified HCPs, the majority co-eluted with less than three Fc-based proteins indicating a drug-specific co-purification for most HCPs. Only ten HCPs co-purified with over 50% of the 23 Fc-based proteins. A correlation analysis of HCPs identified across multiple protein A eluates revealed their co-elution as HCP groups. Functional annotation and protein interaction analysis confirmed that some HCP groups are associated with protein-protein interaction networks. Here, we propose an additional mechanism for HCP co-elution involving protein-protein interactions within functional networks. Our findings may help to guide cell line development and to refine downstream purification strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherin Panikulam
- Institute of Pharma Technology, University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland, Muttenz, Switzerland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Hanke
- Analytical Development and Characterization, Biopharmaceutical Product and Process Development, Technical Research and Development, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Frieder Kroener
- Analytical Development and Characterization, Biopharmaceutical Product and Process Development, Technical Research and Development, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anette Karle
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Anderka
- Analytical Development and Characterization, Biopharmaceutical Product and Process Development, Technical Research and Development, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas K Villiger
- Institute of Pharma Technology, University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Lebesgue
- Analytical Development and Characterization, Biopharmaceutical Product and Process Development, Technical Research and Development, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
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7
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Tang S, Tao J, Li Y. Challenges and solutions for the downstream purification of therapeutic proteins. Antib Ther 2024; 7:1-12. [PMID: 38235378 PMCID: PMC10791043 DOI: 10.1093/abt/tbad028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The innovation in recombinant protein technology has brought forth a host of challenges related to the purification of these therapeutic proteins. This article delves into the intricate landscape of developing purification processes for artificially designed therapeutic proteins. The key hurdles include controlling protein reduction, protein capture, ensuring stability, eliminating aggregates, removing host cell proteins and optimizing protein recovery. In this review, we outline the purification strategies in order to obtain products of high purity, highlighting the corresponding solutions to circumvent the unique challenges presented by recombinant therapeutic proteins, and exemplify the practical applications by case studies. Finally, a perspective towards future purification process development is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Tang
- GenScript ProBio Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Nanjing, Jiangsu 21100, P.R. China
| | - Jiaoli Tao
- GenScript ProBio Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Nanjing, Jiangsu 21100, P.R. China
| | - Ying Li
- GenScript ProBio Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Nanjing, Jiangsu 21100, P.R. China
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8
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Maier M, Weiß L, Zeh N, Schmieder-Todtenhaupt V, Dehghani A, Felix MN, Heinzelmann D, Lindner B, Schmidt M, Studts J, Schulz P, Reisinger B, Otte K, Franzreb M, Lakatos D, Fischer S. Illuminating a biologics development challenge: systematic characterization of CHO cell-derived hydrolases identified in monoclonal antibody formulations. MAbs 2024; 16:2375798. [PMID: 38984665 PMCID: PMC11238916 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2024.2375798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) and other biological drugs are affected by enzymatic polysorbate (PS) degradation that reduces product stability and jeopardizes the supply of innovative medicines. PS represents a critical surfactant stabilizing the active pharmaceutical ingredients, which are produced by recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines. While the list of potential PS-degrading CHO host cell proteins (HCPs) has grown over the years, tangible data on industrially relevant HCPs are still scarce. By means of a highly sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method, we investigated seven different mAb products, resulting in the identification of 12 potentially PS-degrading hydrolases, including the strongly PS-degrading lipoprotein lipase (LPL). Using an LPL knockout CHO host cell line, we were able to stably overexpress and purify the remaining candidate hydrolases through orthogonal affinity chromatography methods, enabling their detailed functional characterization. Applying a PS degradation assay, we found nine mostly secreted, PS-active hydrolases with varying hydrolytic activity. All active hydrolases showed a serine-histidine-aspartate/glutamate catalytical triad. Further, we subjected the active hydrolases to pH-screenings and revealed a diverse range of activity optima, which can facilitate the identification of residual hydrolases during bioprocess development. Ultimately, we compiled our dataset in a risk matrix identifying PAF-AH, LIPA, PPT1, and LPLA2 as highly critical hydrolases based on their cellular expression, detection in purified antibodies, active secretion, and PS degradation activity. With this work, we pave the way toward a comprehensive functional characterization of PS-degrading hydrolases and provide a basis for a future reduction of PS degradation in biopharmaceutical drug products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Maier
- Bioprocess Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Linus Weiß
- Bioprocess Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
- Institute for Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Nikolas Zeh
- Bioprocess Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | | | - Alireza Dehghani
- Analytical Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Marius Nicolaus Felix
- Analytical Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Daniel Heinzelmann
- Bioprocess Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Benjamin Lindner
- Bioprocess Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Moritz Schmidt
- Bioprocess Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Joey Studts
- Bioprocess Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Patrick Schulz
- Bioprocess Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Bernd Reisinger
- Analytical Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Kerstin Otte
- Institute for Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Matthias Franzreb
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Daniel Lakatos
- Bioprocess Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Simon Fischer
- Bioprocess Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
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Gehrmann N, Daxbacher A, Hahn R. Rapid purification of mAb using protein a membranes yielding high HCP clearance. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2024; 1232:123989. [PMID: 38154412 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Protein A chromatography remains the crucial step in mAb purification because of the high binding specificity and impurity clearance. In recent years, highly productive membrane adsorbers emerged as an alternative to traditional resins allowing for rapid purification of biomolecules. In this study, we tested three commercially available protein A membranes (Sartobind® Rapid A, HiTrap Fibro™ PrismA and GORE™ Protein Capture Device) regarding flow distribution, permeability and binding performance. As an application study using a cell-culture supernatant (CCS) containing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), acidic and high pH wash steps were investigated regarding recovery and impurity removal. All membranes proved their applicability as highly productive capture media leading to high HCP and DNA removal with no observable influence on recovery. GORE™ Protein Capture Device exhibited a superior flow distribution but revealed diffusional limitations at high flow rates. Sartobind® Rapid A and HiTrap Fibro™ PrismA showed binding capacities of ∼ 40 g/L even at residence times (RTs) < 12 s but were limited by hydrodynamics suggesting room for improvement with optimized membrane housing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Gehrmann
- Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering, Department of Biotechnology. University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Daxbacher
- Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering, Department of Biotechnology. University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rainer Hahn
- Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering, Department of Biotechnology. University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
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10
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Ingavat N, Wang X, Liew JM, Mahfut FB, But KP, Kok YJ, Bi X, Yang Y, Shintaro K, Tsoumpra M, Zhang W. Harnessing ceramic hydroxyapatite as an effective polishing strategy to remove product- and process-related impurities in bispecific antibody purification. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2023; 10:93. [PMID: 38647984 PMCID: PMC10992335 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-023-00713-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Bispecific antibody (bsAb), a novel therapeutic modality, provides excellent treatment efficacy, yet poses numerous challenges to downstream process development, which are mainly due to the intricate diversity of bsAb structures and impurity profiles. Ceramic hydroxyapatite (CHT), a mixed-mode medium, allows proteins to interact with its calcium sites (C-sites) through metal affinity and/or its phosphate sites (P-sites) through cation exchange interactions. This dual-binding capability potentially offers unique bind and elute behaviours for different proteins of interest, resulting in optimal product purity when suitable elution conditions are employed. In this study, the effectiveness of CHT as a polishing step for bsAb purification was investigated across three model molecules and benchmarked against the traditional cation exchange chromatography (CEX). For both asymmetric and symmetric IgG-like bsAb post Protein A eluates, at least 97% product purity was achieved after CHT polishing. CHT delivered a superior aggregate clearance to CEX, resulting in low high molecular weight (HMW) impurities (0.5%) and low process-related impurities in the product pools. Moreover, CHT significantly mitigated "chromatography-induced aggregation" whereas eightfold more HMW was generated by CEX. This study illustrated the developability of CHT in effectively eliminating low molecular weight (LMW) impurities through post-load-wash (PLW) optimization, resulting in an additional reduction of up to 48% in LMW impurities. A mechanistic explanation regarding the performance of impurity removal and mitigation of the chromatography-induced aggregation by CHT was proposed, illustrating unique CHT capability is potentially driven by C-site cooperation, of which effectiveness could depend on the bsAb composition and size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nattha Ingavat
- Downstream Processing Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xinhui Wang
- Downstream Processing Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jia Min Liew
- Downstream Processing Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Farouq Bin Mahfut
- Cell Line Development Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ka Pui But
- Protein Analytics Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yee Jiun Kok
- Protein Analytics Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xuezhi Bi
- Protein Analytics Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yuansheng Yang
- Cell Line Development Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kobayashi Shintaro
- Chromatography Media Business Division, HOYA Technosurgical Corporation, Singapore Branch, Singapore
| | - Maria Tsoumpra
- Chromatography Media Business Division, HOYA Technosurgical Corporation, Singapore Branch, Singapore
| | - Wei Zhang
- Downstream Processing Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.
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11
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Vitharana S, Stillahn JM, Katayama DS, Henry CS, Manning MC. Application of Formulation Principles to Stability Issues Encountered During Processing, Manufacturing, and Storage of Drug Substance and Drug Product Protein Therapeutics. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:2724-2751. [PMID: 37572779 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
The field of formulation and stabilization of protein therapeutics has become rather extensive. However, most of the focus has been on stabilization of the final drug product. Yet, proteins experience stress and degradation through the manufacturing process, starting with fermentaition. This review describes how formulation principles can be applied to stabilize biopharmaceutical proteins during bioprocessing and manufacturing, considering each unit operation involved in prepration of the drug substance. In addition, the impact of the container on stabilty is discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joshua M Stillahn
- Legacy BioDesign LLC, Johnstown, CO 80534, USA; Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | | | - Charles S Henry
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Mark Cornell Manning
- Legacy BioDesign LLC, Johnstown, CO 80534, USA; Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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12
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Huang H, Dong X, Sun Y, Shi Q. Biomimetic affinity chromatography for antibody purification: Host cell protein binding and impurity removal. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1707:464305. [PMID: 37607431 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Peptide affinity chromatography has received increasing attention as an alternative to protein A chromatography in antibody purification. However, its lower selectivity than protein A chromatography has impeded its success in practical applications. In particular, efficient removal of contaminants, including host cell proteins (HCPs) and DNA, is a great challenge for peptide affinity chromatography in monoclonal antibody (mAb) manufacturing. In this work, a biomimetic peptide ligand (bPL), FYWHCLDE, was coupled onto Sepharose 6 Fast Flow (SepFF) to synthesize a peptide affinity gel, SepFF-bPL, for the investigation of the binding mechanism of HCP as well as the feasibility of antibody capture. The results showed that the SepFF-bPL column exhibited effective removal of mAb aggregates as well as mAb capture from feedstocks of various origins, whereas poor removal of HCP and DNA was found. Mechanistic studies of HCP binding indicated that electrostatic interactions dominated HCP binding on the SepFF-bPL gel and that ionic conductivity had a significant influence on HCP binding at low salt concentrations. Thus, combined chromatin extraction and anion exchange adsorption were introduced prior to SepFF-bPL chromatography for initial contaminant removal to reduce mAb aggregation induced by HCP and the loading burden of contaminants in SepFF-bPL chromatography. A proof-of-concept study of the purification train demonstrated a high recovery of mAb (68.7%) and low levels of HCP (23 ppm) and DNA (below the limit of detection) in the final product, which were acceptable for the mandatory requirements in clinical applications. This research provided a deep understanding of HCP binding on the peptide affinity column and led to the development of an effective purification train.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Huang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xiaoyan Dong
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering and Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering and Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Qinghong Shi
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering and Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
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13
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Doltade S, Saldanha M, Patil V, Dandekar P, Jain R. Statistically-aided development of protein A affinity chromatography for enhancing recovery and controlling quality of a monoclonal antibody. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1227:123829. [PMID: 37478555 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Protein A chromatography is widely used for isolation of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from cell culture components. In this study, the effect of different process parameters of the Protein A purification namely, binding pH, elution pH, flow rate, neutralization pH and tween concentration, on the concentration and quality of the purified mAb were evaluated. Using design of experiments approach, the critical process parameters of protein A chromatography were identified and experimentally optimized. Their impact on quality attributes, such as size variants and charge variants, of the mAb was studied. Multivariate data analysis was subsequently performed using multiple linear regression and partial least squares regression methods. It was observed that the elution pH primarily governed the concentration of the purified mAb and the content of monomers and aggregates, while the tween concentration primarily influenced the main peak of the charge variants. This is the first study that evaluates the impact of tween concentration in buffers on the protein A chromatography purification step. These studies helped in identifying the design space and defining the target robust and optimal setpoints of the responses, which were subsequently verified experimentally. These setpoints not only passed the target criteria but also resulted in the highest recoveries during the investigation. Through this statistically-aided approach, an optimized and robust protein A chromatography process was rationally developed for purification of mAbs, while achieving the desired product quality. This study highlights the influence of multiple parameters of the protein A purification process on critical quality attributes of mAbs, such as the size and charge variants, which has been a very scarcely explored area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashikant Doltade
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Marianne Saldanha
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Vaibhav Patil
- Sartorius Stedim India Private Limited, No. 69/2 & 69/3, Jakkasandra, Nelamangala, Bangalore 562123, India
| | - Prajakta Dandekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India.
| | - Ratnesh Jain
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India.
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14
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Tuameh A, Harding SE, Darton NJ. Methods for addressing host cell protein impurities in biopharmaceutical product development. Biotechnol J 2023; 18:e2200115. [PMID: 36427352 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202200115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The high demand for monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapeutics in recent years has resulted in significant efforts to improve their costly manufacturing process. The high cost of manufacturing mAbs derives mainly from the purification process, which contributes to 50%-80% of the total manufacturing cost. One of the main challenges facing industry at the purification stage is the clearance of host cell proteins (HCPs) that are produced and often co-purified with the desired mAb product. One of the issues HCPs can cause is the degradation of the final mAb protein product. In this review, techniques are considered that can be used at different stages (upstream and downstream) of mAb manufacture to improve HCP clearance. In addition to established techniques, many new approaches for HCP removal are discussed that have the potential to replace current methods for improving HCP reduction and thereby the quality and stability of the final mAb product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman Tuameh
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
| | - Stephen E Harding
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
| | - Nicholas J Darton
- Dosage Form Design and Development, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
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15
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Morales AM, Sreedhara A, Buecheler J, Brosig S, Chou D, Christian T, Das T, de Jong I, Fast J, Jagannathan B, Moussa EM, Nejadnik MR, Prajapati I, Radwick A, Rahman Y, Singh S. End-to-End Approach to Surfactant Selection, Risk Mitigation, and Control Strategies for Protein-Based Therapeutics. AAPS J 2022; 25:6. [PMID: 36471030 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-022-00773-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A survey performed by the AAPS Drug Product Handling community revealed a general, mostly consensus, approach to the strategy for the selection of surfactant type and level for biopharmaceutical products. Discussing and building on the survey results, this article describes the common approach for surfactant selection and control strategy for protein-based therapeutics and focuses on key studies, common issues, mitigations, and rationale. Where relevant, each section is prefaced by survey responses from the 22 anonymized respondents. The article format consists of an overview of surfactant stabilization, followed by a strategy for the selection of surfactant level, and then discussions regarding risk identification, mitigation, and control strategy. Since surfactants that are commonly used in biologic formulations are known to undergo various forms of degradation, an effective control strategy for the chosen surfactant focuses on understanding and controlling the design space of the surfactant material attributes to ensure that the desired material quality is used consistently in DS/DP manufacturing. The material attributes of a surfactant added in the final DP formulation can influence DP performance (e.g., protein stability). Mitigation strategies are described that encompass risks from host cell proteins (HCP), DS/DP manufacturing processes, long-term storage, as well as during in-use conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Medina Morales
- Dosage Form Design and Development, BioPharmaceuticals Development, R&D, AstraZeneca, 1 Medimmune Way, Gaithersburg, Maryland, 20878, USA.
| | - Alavattam Sreedhara
- Genentech, Pharmaceutical Development, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Jakob Buecheler
- Technical Research and Development, Novartis Pharma AG, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Brosig
- Technical Research and Development, Novartis Pharma AG, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Danny Chou
- Compassion BioSolution, LLC, Lomita, California, 90717, USA
| | | | - Tapan Das
- Analytical Development and Attribute Sciences, Bristol Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Isabella de Jong
- Genentech, Pharmaceutical Development, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Jonas Fast
- Pharmaceutical Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, CH-4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Ehab M Moussa
- Drug Product Development, AbbVie, North Chicago, Illinios, 60064, USA
| | - M Reza Nejadnik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, USA
| | - Indira Prajapati
- Dosage Form Design and Development, BioPharmaceuticals Development, R&D, AstraZeneca, 1 Medimmune Way, Gaithersburg, Maryland, 20878, USA
| | | | - Yusra Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, USA
| | - Shubhadra Singh
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Biopharmaceutical Product Sciences, Collegeville, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19426, USA
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16
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Dransart B, Dehghani H, Moore A. Product-safety considerations in allogeneic chimeric antigen-receptor T-cell process flows. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2022; 78:102797. [PMID: 36179407 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2022.102797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Allogeneic chimeric antigen-receptor T-cell process flows comprise large-scale primary cultures incorporating traditional biologics processing steps such as cell expansion, with novel processing steps such as electroporation. In addition, these process flows begin with donor-derived peripheral blood mononuclear cells and generate single batches of product, which may be used to treat hundreds of patients. The corresponding unit operation-process safety considerations are individually diverse, and in combination are currently unique and rapidly evolving. The use of available regulations and the principles of quality by design are useful in designing appropriate control strategies into the process during development to ensure process safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Dransart
- Allogene Therapeutics, 210 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Houman Dehghani
- Allogene Therapeutics, 210 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Alison Moore
- Allogene Therapeutics, 210 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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17
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Effect of solution condition on the binding behaviors of monoclonal antibody and fusion protein therapeutics in Protein A chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1686:463652. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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18
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Two major mechanisms contributing to copurification of CHO host cell proteins and strategies to minimize their negative impact. Protein Expr Purif 2022; 197:106113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2022.106113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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19
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Luo H, Du Q, Qian C, Mlynarczyk M, Pabst TM, Damschroder M, Hunter AK, Wang WK. Formation of Transient Highly-Charged mAb Clusters Strengthens Interactions with Host Cell Proteins and Results in Poor Clearance of Host Cell Proteins by Protein A Chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1679:463385. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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Chu X, Yang X, Shi Q, Dong X, Sun Y. Kinetic and molecular insight into immunoglobulin G binding to immobilized recombinant protein A of different orientations. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1671:463040. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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21
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Process- and Product-Related Foulants in Virus Filtration. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9040155. [PMID: 35447715 PMCID: PMC9030149 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9040155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory authorities place stringent guidelines on the removal of contaminants during the manufacture of biopharmaceutical products. Monoclonal antibodies, Fc-fusion proteins, and other mammalian cell-derived biotherapeutics are heterogeneous molecules that are validated based on the production process and not on molecular homogeneity. Validation of clearance of potential contamination by viruses is a major challenge during the downstream purification of these therapeutics. Virus filtration is a single-use, size-based separation process in which the contaminating virus particles are retained while the therapeutic molecules pass through the membrane pores. Virus filtration is routinely used as part of the overall virus clearance strategy. Compromised performance of virus filters due to membrane fouling, low throughput and reduced viral clearance, is of considerable industrial significance and is frequently a major challenge. This review shows how components generated during cell culture, contaminants, and product variants can affect virus filtration of mammalian cell-derived biologics. Cell culture-derived foulants include host cell proteins, proteases, and endotoxins. We also provide mitigation measures for each potential foulant.
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22
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Hu L, Tang J, Zhang X, Li Y. Sodium caprylate wash during Protein A chromatography as an effective means for removing protease(s) responsible for target antibody fragmentation. Protein Expr Purif 2021; 186:105907. [PMID: 34022391 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2021.105907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
For recombinant proteins produced in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, fragmentation is a common phenomenon that results in generation of product-related low-molecular-weight (LMW) species. Recently while purifying a bispecific antibody (bsAb), we observed that the target protein experienced cleavage at a couple of potential sites, leading to truncated products. Further studies suggest that the cleavage can likely be attributed to residual CHO cell protease activity. In order to maximally remove potential protease(s) that contribute fragmentation, we optimized Protein A chromatography by adding sodium caprylate (SC) to the wash buffer. Upon optimization, fragmentation of Protein A eluate happened to a much lesser degree as compared to that of eluate from unoptimized process, and the increased sample stability is in accordance with significantly reduced host cell protein (HCP) level. Taken together, the data suggest that SC wash during Protein A chromatography is an effective means for removing HCPs including endogenous protease(s) that are responsible for target antibody fragmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Hu
- Technology and Process Development (TPD), WuXi Biologics, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai, 200131, China
| | - Jiaqin Tang
- Technology and Process Development (TPD), WuXi Biologics, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai, 200131, China
| | - Xudong Zhang
- Technology and Process Development (TPD), WuXi Biologics, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai, 200131, China
| | - Yifeng Li
- Technology and Process Development (TPD), WuXi Biologics, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai, 200131, China.
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23
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24
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Abstract
A novel stationary phase for affinity separations is presented. This material is based on sintered borosilicate glass readily available as semi-finished filter plates with defined porosity and surface area. The material shows fast binding kinetics and excellent long-term stability under real application conditions due to lacking macropores and high mechanical rigidity. The glass surface can be easily modified with standard organosilane chemistry to immobilize selective binders or other molecules used for biointeraction. In this paper, the manufacturing of the columns and their respective column holders by 3D printing is shown in detail. The model system protein A/IgG was chosen as an example to examine the properties of such monolithic columns under realistic application conditions. Several specifications, such as (dynamic) IgG capacity, pressure stability, long-term performance, productivity, non-specific binding, and peak shape, are presented. It could be shown that due to the very high separation speed, 250 mg antibody per hour and column can be collected, which surpasses the productivity of most standard columns of the same size. The total IgG capacity of the shown columns is around 4 mg (5.5 mg/mL), which is sufficient for most tasks in research laboratories. The cycle time of an IgG separation can be less than 1 min. Due to the glass material’s excellent pressure resistance, these columns are compatible with standard HPLC systems. This is usually not the case with standard affinity columns, limited to manual use or application in low-pressure systems. The use of a standard HPLC system also improves the ability for automation, which enables the purification of hundreds of cell supernatants in one day. The sharp peak shape of the elution leads to an enrichment effect, which might increase the concentration of IgG by a factor of 3. The final concentration of IgG can be around 7.5 mg/mL without the need for an additional nanofiltration step. The purity of the IgG was > 95% in one step and nearly 99% with a second polishing run.
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25
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Dyer R, Song Y, Chen J, Bigelow E, McGinnis J, Jenkins L, Ghose S, Li ZJ. Mechanistic insights into viral clearance during the chromatography steps in antibody processes by using virus surrogates. Biotechnol Prog 2021; 36:e3057. [PMID: 33405373 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Viral safety is required for biological products to treat human diseases, and the burden of inactivation and or virus removal lies on the downstream purification process. Minute virus of mice (MVM) is a nonenveloped parvovirus commonly used as the worst-case model virus in validation studies because of its small size and high chemical stability. In this study, we investigated the use of MVM-mock virus particle (MVP) and bacteriophage ΦX174 as surrogates for MVM to mimic viral clearance studies, with a focus on chromatography operations. Based on structural models and comparison of log reduction value among MVM, MVP, and ΦX174, it was demonstrated that MVP can be used as a noninfectious surrogate to assess viral clearance during process development in multiple chromatography systems in a biosafety level one (BSL-1) laboratory. Protein A (ProA) chromatography was investigated to strategically assess the impact of the resin, impurities, and the monoclonal antibody product on virus removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Dyer
- Biologics Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Devens, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yuanli Song
- Biologics Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Devens, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jie Chen
- Biologics Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Devens, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elizabeth Bigelow
- Biologics Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Devens, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jennifer McGinnis
- Biologics Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Devens, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lauren Jenkins
- Biologics Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Devens, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sanchayita Ghose
- Biologics Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Devens, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zheng Jian Li
- Biologics Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Devens, Massachusetts, USA
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26
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Padwal P, Finger C, Fraga-García P, Kaveh-Baghbaderani Y, Schwaminger SP, Berensmeier S. Seeking Innovative Affinity Approaches: A Performance Comparison between Magnetic Nanoparticle Agglomerates and Chromatography Resins for Antibody Recovery. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:39967-39978. [PMID: 32786242 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c05007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies are key molecules in medicine and pharmaceuticals. A potentially crucial drawback for faster advances in research here is their high price due to the extremely expensive antibody purification process, particularly the affinity capture step. Affinity chromatography materials have to demonstrate the high binding capacity and recovery efficiency as well as superior chemical and mechanical stability. Low-cost materials and robust, faster processes would reduce costs and enhance industrial immunoglobulin purification. Therefore, exploring the use of alternative materials is necessary. In this context, we conduct the first comparison of the performance of magnetic nanoparticles with commercially available chromatography resins and magnetic microparticles with regard to immobilizing Protein G ligands and recovering immunoglobulin G (IgG). Simultaneously, we demonstrate the suitability of bare as well as silica-coated and epoxy-functionalized magnetite nanoparticles for this purpose. All materials applied have a similar specific surface area but differ in the nature of their matrix and surface accessibility. The nanoparticles are present as micrometer agglomerates in solution. The highest Protein G density can be observed on the nanoparticles. IgG adsorbs as a multilayer on all materials investigated. However, the recovery of IgG after washing indicates a remaining monolayer, which points to the specificity of the IgG binding to the immobilized Protein G. One important finding is the impact of the ligand-binding stoichiometry (Protein G surface coverage) on IgG recovery, reusability, and the ability to withstand long-term sanitization. Differences in the materials' performances are attributed to mass transfer limitations and steric hindrance. These results demonstrate that nanoparticles represent a promising material for the economical and efficient immobilization of proteins and the affinity purification of antibodies, promoting innovation in downstream processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Padwal
- Bioseparation Engineering Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Constanze Finger
- Bioseparation Engineering Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Paula Fraga-García
- Bioseparation Engineering Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Yasmin Kaveh-Baghbaderani
- Bioseparation Engineering Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Sebastian P Schwaminger
- Bioseparation Engineering Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Sonja Berensmeier
- Bioseparation Engineering Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching 85748, Germany
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27
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Kruse T, Kampmann M, Rüddel I, Greller G. An alternative downstream process based on aqueous two-phase extraction for the purification of monoclonal antibodies. Biochem Eng J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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28
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Esser-Skala W, Segl M, Wohlschlager T, Reisinger V, Holzmann J, Huber CG. Exploring sample preparation and data evaluation strategies for enhanced identification of host cell proteins in drug products of therapeutic antibodies and Fc-fusion proteins. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:6583-6593. [PMID: 32691086 PMCID: PMC7442769 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02796-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Manufacturing of biopharmaceuticals involves recombinant protein expression in host cells followed by extensive purification of the target protein. Yet, host cell proteins (HCPs) may persist in the final drug product, potentially reducing its quality with respect to safety and efficacy. Consequently, residual HCPs are closely monitored during downstream processing by techniques such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or high-performance liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The latter is especially attractive as it provides information with respect to protein identities. Although the applied HPLC-MS/MS methodologies are frequently optimized with respect to HCP identification, acquired data is typically analyzed using standard settings. Here, we describe an improved strategy for evaluating HPLC-MS/MS data of HCP-derived peptides, involving probabilistic protein inference and peptide detection in the absence of fragment ion spectra. This data analysis workflow was applied to data obtained for drug products of various biotherapeutics upon protein A affinity depletion. The presented data evaluation strategy enabled in-depth comparative analysis of the HCP repertoires identified in drug products of the monoclonal antibodies rituximab and bevacizumab, as well as the fusion protein etanercept. In contrast to commonly applied ELISA strategies, the here presented workflow is process-independent and may be implemented into existing HPLC-MS/MS setups for drug product characterization and process development. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Esser-Skala
- Bioanalytical Research Labs, Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Tools for Biosimilar Characterization, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Marius Segl
- Bioanalytical Research Labs, Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Tools for Biosimilar Characterization, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Therese Wohlschlager
- Bioanalytical Research Labs, Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Tools for Biosimilar Characterization, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Veronika Reisinger
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Tools for Biosimilar Characterization, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.,Technical Development Biosimilars, Global Drug Development, Novartis, Sandoz GmbH, Biochemiestraße 10, 6250, Kundl, Austria
| | - Johann Holzmann
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Tools for Biosimilar Characterization, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.,Technical Development Biosimilars, Global Drug Development, Novartis, Sandoz GmbH, Biochemiestraße 10, 6250, Kundl, Austria
| | - Christian G Huber
- Bioanalytical Research Labs, Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria. .,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Tools for Biosimilar Characterization, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.
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29
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Ketterer B, Moore-Kelly C, Thomas ORT, Franzreb M. Integrated system for temperature-controlled fast protein liquid chromatography. III. Continuous downstream processing of monoclonal antibodies. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1609:460429. [PMID: 31431354 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Three different applications of travelling heating zone reactor (THZR) chromatography for the downstream processing of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are described. mAb containing feedstocks were applied to a fixed bed of the thermoresponsive rProtein A matrix, Byzen Pro™, contained in a bespoke column (held at 15 °C) fitted with a travelling heating (42 °C) device encircling a narrow section of the column. For the demonstration of continuous concentration, uninterrupted loading of 1.0 g/L mAb in a pH 8 binding buffer was synchronized with 5 repeated movements of the heating zone along the column's full length at a velocity of 0.1 mm/s. Elution of mAbs was induced solely by the travelling heating zone's action, each full movement generating a sharp concentrated elution peak accompanied by a small transient mAb concentration-dependent dip in conductivity. Quasi-steady-state operation occurred from the third elution onwards, delivering a mean mAb concentration of 4.9 g/L and process yield >93%. Quasi-continuous separation of the target mAb (1.41 g/L) from bovine serum albumin, BSA (1.0 g/L), was achieved by cyclically alternating the feeding of the mAb + BSA feedstock, with that of the binding buffer alone; supply of the latter was timed to coincide with movement of the heating zone. Accurate coordination of the heating zone's travel and switching from feed to buffer permitted quasi-steady-state collection (elutions 3-6) of sharp peaks of mAb in high purity (98.7%) and yield (88.7%) in 4.5-fold concentrated form, with BSA exiting in the flow through fractions between successive mAb elution peaks. Fully automated THZR-mediated quasi-continuous buffer exchange of 1.34 g/L mAb from a phosphate buffer pH 8 into a HEPES buffer pH 8 of slightly lower conductivity was performed over a 19 h period by carefully timed switching from one feed solution to the other and back again, whilst synchronising movement of the heating zone with feeding of the exchange buffer. Quasi-steady-state operation (elutions 2-9) resulted in an average eluted mAb yield of 94.5% and concentration of 4.8 g/L. Triggering movement of the heating zone slightly ahead of the switch from mAb feed to exchange buffer permitted the positioning of mAb elution peaks in 9 mL volume segments with the lowest recorded conductivity. Measurements of buffer exchange performance conducted with two 'protein-free' systems demonstrated that compared to tangential flow filtration in diafiltration mode, which represents the 'state-of-the-art' technology for buffer exchange, the THZR chromatography based approach affords a >60% saving in minimum volume of exchange buffer required to remove 99.9% of the original buffer. Combined far and near UV circular dichroism, intrinsic fluorescence and thermal melting experiments showed that, unlike conventional Protein A/G affinity chromatography, the conditions for THZR Protein A chromatography respect maintenance of a favourable structural profile for mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Ketterer
- Institute for Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Charles Moore-Kelly
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, England, UK
| | - Owen R T Thomas
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, England, UK.
| | - Matthias Franzreb
- Institute for Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
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30
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Prentice J, Vu D, Robbins D, Ferreira G. Process characterization strategy for a precipitation step for host cell protein reduction. Biotechnol Prog 2019; 36:e2908. [PMID: 31513727 PMCID: PMC7027468 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Process characterization using QbD approaches has rarely been described for precipitation steps used for impurity removal in biopharmaceutical processes. We propose a two‐step approach for process characterization in which the first step focuses on product quality and the second focuses on process performance. This approach provides an efficient, streamlined strategy for the characterization of precipitation steps under the Quality by Design paradigm. This strategy is demonstrated by a case study for the characterization of a precipitation using sodium caprylate to reduce host cell proteins (HCP) during a monoclonal antibody purification process. Process parameters were methodically selected through a risk assessment based on prior development data and scientific knowledge described in the literature. The characterization studies used two multivariate blocks to decouple and distinguish the impact of product quality (e.g., measured HCP of the recovered product from the precipitation) and process performance (e.g., step yield). Robustness of the precipitation step was further demonstrated through linkage studies across the overall purification process. HCP levels could be robustly reduced to ≤100 ppm in the drug substance when the precipitation step operated within an operation space of ≤1% (m/v) sodium caprylate, pH 5.0–6.0, and filter flux ≤300 L/m2‐hr for a load HCP concentration up to 19,000 ppm. This two‐step approach for characterization of precipitation steps has several advantages, including tailoring of the experimental design and scale‐down model to the intended purpose for each step, use of a manageable number of experiments without compromising scientific understanding, and limited time and material consumption.
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31
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Wan Y, Zhang T, Chen T, Wang Y, Li Y. Sodium caprylate induced precipitation post Protein A chromatography as an effective means for host cell protein clearance. Protein Expr Purif 2019; 164:105460. [PMID: 31351123 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2019.105460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In downstream processing of monoclonal antibody (mAb), post Protein A neutralization and subsequent intermediate depth filtration are critical steps for host cell protein (HCP) clearance. Previous studies have shown that adding caprylic acid (CA) during neutralization can further improve HCP removal by promoting their precipitation. In this study, we replaced CA with its sodium salt - sodium caprylate (SC). For the five mAbs studied, SC has been shown to be equally effective as CA at precipitating HCPs. As the salt form has a higher solubility, SC stock solution with relatively high concentration can be easily prepared, which facilitates its adding to the Protein A elution pool. Thus, this study not only confirms the effectiveness of CA/SC-induced HCP precipitation but also provides a more convenient way to integrate this method into the downstream process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wan
- Technology and Process Development (TPD), WuXi Biologics, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai, 200131, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Technology and Process Development (TPD), WuXi Biologics, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai, 200131, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Technology and Process Development (TPD), WuXi Biologics, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai, 200131, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Technology and Process Development (TPD), WuXi Biologics, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai, 200131, China
| | - Yifeng Li
- Technology and Process Development (TPD), WuXi Biologics, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai, 200131, China.
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32
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Koehler KC, Jokondo Z, Narayan J, Voloshin AM, Castro-Forero AA. Enhancing Protein A performance in mAb processing: A method to reduce and rapidly evaluate host cell DNA levels during primary clarification. Biotechnol Prog 2019; 35:e2882. [PMID: 31276322 PMCID: PMC7003430 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The use and impact of 3M™ Emphaze™ AEX Hybrid Purifier, a single‐use, fully synthetic chromatographic product, was explored to reduce host cell DNA (HC‐DNA) concentration during the primary clarification of a monoclonal antibody (mAb). An approximately 5‐log reduction in HC‐DNA was achieved at an Emphaze AEX Hybrid Purifier throughput of 200 L/m2. The appreciable reduction in HC‐DNA achieved during primary clarification enhanced Protein A chromatography performance, resulting in a sharper and narrower elution profile. In addition, a 24× improvement in host cell protein (HCP) removal and fewer impurities nonspecifically bound to the Protein A column were observed compared to those resulting from the use of depth filtration for clarification. The use of a rapid, qualitative acidification assay to facilitate HC‐DNA monitoring was also investigated. This assay involves the acidification‐induced precipitation of HC‐DNA, enabling the easy and rapid detection of DNA breakthrough across purification media such as Emphaze AEX Hybrid Purifier by means of turbidimetric and particle size measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zona Jokondo
- 3M Separation and Purification Sciences, Saint Paul, Minnesota
| | - Janani Narayan
- Johns Hopkins University, Chemical and Biological Engineering, Baltimore, Maryland
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33
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Chiang M, Pagkaliwangan M, Lute S, Bolton G, Brorson K, Schofield M. Validation and optimization of viral clearance in a downstream continuous chromatography setting. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:2292-2302. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.27023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng‐Jung Chiang
- Division of Biotechnology Review and Research II, Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Product Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and ResearchU.S. Food and Drug AdministrationSilver Spring Maryland
| | - Mark Pagkaliwangan
- Biotechnology Process Research and DevelopmentPall BiotechWestborough Massachusetts
| | - Scott Lute
- Division of Biotechnology Review and Research II, Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Product Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and ResearchU.S. Food and Drug AdministrationSilver Spring Maryland
| | | | - Kurt Brorson
- Regulatory Consulting ServicesParexel InternationalBethesda Maryland
| | - Mark Schofield
- Biotechnology Process Research and DevelopmentPall BiotechWestborough Massachusetts
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34
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Angelo J, Chollangi S, Müller‐Späth T, Jusyte S, Xu X, Ghose S, Li Z. Virus clearance validation across continuous capture chromatography. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:2275-2284. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.27012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James Angelo
- Biologics Process DevelopmentBristol‐Myers Squibb, IncDevens Massachusetts
| | - Srinivas Chollangi
- Biologics Process DevelopmentBristol‐Myers Squibb, IncDevens Massachusetts
| | | | - Simona Jusyte
- Viral Clearance Dept.WuXi Advanced Therapies UnitPhiladelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Xuankuo Xu
- Biologics Process DevelopmentBristol‐Myers Squibb, IncDevens Massachusetts
| | - Sanchayita Ghose
- Biologics Process DevelopmentBristol‐Myers Squibb, IncDevens Massachusetts
| | - Zhengjian Li
- Biologics Process DevelopmentBristol‐Myers Squibb, IncDevens Massachusetts
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35
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Singh N, Herzer S. Downstream Processing Technologies/Capturing and Final Purification : Opportunities for Innovation, Change, and Improvement. A Review of Downstream Processing Developments in Protein Purification. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 165:115-178. [PMID: 28795201 DOI: 10.1007/10_2017_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Increased pressure on upstream processes to maximize productivity has been crowned with great success, although at the cost of shifting the bottleneck to purification. As drivers were economical, focus is on now on debottlenecking downstream processes as the main drivers of high manufacturing cost. Devising a holistically efficient and economical process remains a key challenge. Traditional and emerging protein purification strategies with particular emphasis on methodologies implemented for the production of recombinant proteins of biopharmaceutical importance are reviewed. The breadth of innovation is addressed, as well as the challenges the industry faces today, with an eye to remaining impartial, fair, and balanced. In addition, the scope encompasses both chromatographic and non-chromatographic separations directed at the purification of proteins, with a strong emphasis on antibodies. Complete solutions such as integrated USP/DSP strategies (i.e., continuous processing) are discussed as well as gains in data quantity and quality arising from automation and high-throughput screening (HTS). Best practices and advantages through design of experiments (DOE) to access a complex design space such as multi-modal chromatography are reviewed with an outlook on potential future trends. A discussion of single-use technology, its impact and opportunities for further growth, and the exciting developments in modeling and simulation of DSP rounds out the overview. Lastly, emerging trends such as 3D printing and nanotechnology are covered. Graphical Abstract Workflow of high-throughput screening, design of experiments, and high-throughput analytics to understand design space and design space boundaries quickly. (Reproduced with permission from Gregory Barker, Process Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nripen Singh
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Global Manufacturing and Supply, Devens, MA, 01434, USA.
| | - Sibylle Herzer
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Global Manufacturing and Supply, Hopewell, NJ, 01434, USA
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36
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Ranjan S, Chung WK, Zhu M, Robbins D, Cramer SM. Implementation of an experimental and computational tool set to study protein-mAb interactions. Biotechnol Prog 2019; 35:e2825. [PMID: 31017347 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
This work focused on the development of a combined experimental and computational tool set to study protein-mAb interactions. A model protein library was first screened using cross interaction chromatography to identify proteins with the strongest retention. Fluorescence polarization was then employed to study the interactions and thermodynamics of the selected proteins-lactoferrin, pyruvate kinase, and ribonuclease B with the mAb. Binding affinities of lactoferrin and pyruvate kinase to the mAb were seen to be relatively salt insensitive in the range examined. Further, a strong entropic contribution was observed, suggesting the importance of hydrophobic interactions. On the other hand, ribonuclease B-mAb binding was seen to be enthalpically driven and salt sensitive, indicating the importance of electrostatic interactions. Protein-protein docking was then carried out and the results identified the CDR region on the mAb as an important binding site for all three proteins. The binding interfaces identified for the mAb-lactoferrin and mAb-pyruvate kinase systems were found to contain complementary hydrophobic and oppositely charged clusters on the interacting regions which were indicative of both hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions. On the other hand, the binding site on ribonuclease B was predominantly positively charged with minimal hydrophobicity. This resulted in an alignment with negatively charged clusters on the mAb, supporting the contention that these interactions were primarily electrostatic in nature. Importantly, these computational results were found to be consistent with the fluorescence polarization data and this combined approach may have utility in examining mAb-HCP interactions which can often complicate the downstream processing of biologics. © 2019 American Institute of Chemical Engineers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarnim Ranjan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
| | - Wai Keen Chung
- Purification Process Sciences, MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Min Zhu
- Purification Process Sciences, MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - David Robbins
- Purification Process Sciences, MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Steven M Cramer
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
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37
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Investigation of cathepsin D–mAb interactions using a combined experimental and computational tool set. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:1684-1697. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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38
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The adequate amount of sodium chloride in Protein A wash buffer for effective host cell protein clearance. Protein Expr Purif 2019; 158:59-64. [PMID: 30825515 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2019.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Post-load column wash in Protein A chromatography can effectively improve host cell protein (HCP) clearance. A commonly used wash additive for this purpose is sodium chloride. However, the adequate amount of sodium chloride required for effective HCP clearance is less consistent in literature. In this study we investigated the impact of different amounts of sodium chloride on HCP clearance with five monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). For each mAb, elution pool HCP levels from runs under different wash conditions are compared. For all five mAbs, the data suggested that 250 mM would be an adequate amount for the salt to largely achieve its HCP reducing effect. The same conclusion is also reached for calcium chloride, a less commonly used but equally effective Protein A wash additive for HCP clearance.
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39
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Liu W, Zhou D, Sun Y, Yu J, Chen Q, Bao Z, Fan X, Liang Y, Peng X, Xian M, Nian R. Reduction of chromatin heteroaggregates by acid precipitation of mammalian cell culture and ramification in protein A chromatography for recombinant immunoglobulin G purification. Biochem Eng J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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40
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Islam T, Naik AD, Hashimoto Y, Menegatti S, Carbonell RG. Optimization of Sequence, Display, and Mode of Operation of IgG-Binding Peptide Ligands to Develop Robust, High-Capacity Affinity Adsorbents That Afford High IgG Product Quality. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E161. [PMID: 30621158 PMCID: PMC6337475 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This work presents the use of peptide ligand HWRGWV and its cognate sequences to develop affinity adsorbents that compete with Protein A in terms of binding capacity and quality of the eluted product. First, the peptide ligand was conjugated to crosslinked agarose resins (WorkBeads) at different densities and using different spacer arms. The optimization of ligand density and display resulted in values of static and dynamic binding capacity of 85 mg/mL and 65 mg/mL, respectively. A selected peptide-WorkBeads adsorbent was utilized for purifying Mabs from Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cell culture supernatants. The peptide-WorkBeads adsorbent was found able to withstand sanitization with strong alkaline solutions (0.5 M NaOH). The purity of the eluted product was consistently higher than 95%, with logarithmic removal value (LRV) of 1.5 for host cell proteins (HCPs) and 4.0 for DNA. HCP clearance was significantly improved by adding a post-load washing step with either 0.1 M Tris HCl pH 9 or 1 M NaCl. The cognate peptide of HWRGWV, constructed by replacing arginine (R) with citrulline, further increased the HCP LRV to 2.15. The peptide-based adsorbent also showed a remarkable performance in terms of removal of Mab aggregates; unlike Protein A, in fact, HWRGWV was found to bind only monomeric IgG. Collectively, these results demonstrate the potential of peptide-based adsorbents as alternative to Protein A for the purification of therapeutic antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuhidul Islam
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7905, USA.
- Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7928, USA.
| | - Amith D Naik
- Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7928, USA.
| | - Yasuhiro Hashimoto
- Department of Research and Development, Fuji Silysia Chemical LTD, Kasugai Aichi 487-0013, Japan.
| | - Stefano Menegatti
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7905, USA.
- Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7928, USA.
| | - Ruben G Carbonell
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7905, USA.
- Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7928, USA.
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41
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Li Y. The application of caprylic acid in downstream processing of monoclonal antibodies. Protein Expr Purif 2019; 153:92-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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42
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Kateja N, Kumar D, Sethi S, Rathore AS. Non-protein A purification platform for continuous processing of monoclonal antibody therapeutics. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1579:60-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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43
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Sun W, Lee N, Dragulin-Otto S, Wong A, Luo H, Brown A. Effective filter screening approach with fractionation for enabling inline filtration of protein A eluate. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2018; 66:216-223. [PMID: 30466141 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Filtration of protein A eluates inline with a chromatography column is a common challenge for monoclonal antibody (mAb) purification due to the high system backpressure during elution, which can result in system shut down or require a decreased elution flow rate. The inability to filter inline not only poses a risk for process deviations, but can also lead to tank constraints and microbial ingress risk. Here, we evaluated and described a novel approach for identifying filters for inline filtration of protein A eluates at pilot scale. We fractionated the protein A eluates into 0.25 column volume fractions to screen filters under constant pressure or constant flow conditions. We observed that filtration properties for eluate fractions are significantly different from the offline eluate, and the conventional filter sizing study using elution pool is not able to predict inline filtration behavior. Through the submicron particle counts and size distribution in pre- and post-filtration samples, we determined that both attributes contribute to the high pressure across the filters. A successful proof-of-concept experiment on a column 10 cm in diameter inline with the filter train selected validated this fractionation method, and the approach was applied to a different mAb molecule to confirm effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitong Sun
- Purification Process Sciences, MedImmune LLC, One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Nacole Lee
- Purification Process Sciences, MedImmune LLC, One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Sonia Dragulin-Otto
- Analytical Sciences, MedImmune LLC, One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Ashley Wong
- Purification Process Sciences, MedImmune LLC, One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Haibin Luo
- Purification Process Sciences, MedImmune LLC, One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Arick Brown
- Purification Process Sciences, MedImmune LLC, One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
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44
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Bojar D, Fuhrer T, Fussenegger M. Purity by design: Reducing impurities in bioproduction by stimulus-controlled global translational downregulation of non-product proteins. Metab Eng 2018; 52:110-123. [PMID: 30468874 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Capitalizing on the ability of mammalian cells to conduct complex post-translational modifications, most protein therapeutics are currently produced in cell culture systems. Addition of a signal peptide to the product protein enables its accumulation in the cell culture supernatant, but separation of the product from endogenously secreted proteins remains costly and labor-intensive. We considered that global downregulation of translation of non-product proteins would be an efficient strategy to minimize downstream processing requirements. Therefore, taking advantage of the ability of mammalian protein kinase R (PKR) to switch off most cellular translation processes in response to infection by viruses, we fused a caffeine-inducible dimerization domain to the catalytic domain of PKR. Addition of caffeine to this construct results in homodimerization and activation of PKR, effectively rewiring rapid global translational downregulation to the addition of the stimulus in a dose-dependent manner. Then, to protect translation of the target therapeutic, we screened viral and cellular internal ribosomal entry sites (IRESes) known or suspected to be resistant to PKR-induced translational stress. After choosing the best-in-class Seneca valley virus (SVV) IRES, we additionally screened for IRES transactivation factors (ITAFs) as well as for supplementary small molecules to further boost the production titer of the product protein under conditions of global translational downregulation. Importantly, the residual global translation activity of roughly 10% under maximal downregulation is sufficient to maintain cellular viability during a production timeframe of at least five days. Standard industrially used adherent as well as suspension-adapted cell lines transfected with this synthetic biology-inspired Protein Kinase R-Enhanced Protein Production (PREPP) system could produce several medicinally relevant protein therapeutics, such as the blockbuster drug rituximab, in substantial quantities and with significantly higher purity than previous culture technologies. We believe incorporation of such purity-by-design technology in the production process will alleviate downstream processing bottlenecks in future biopharmaceutical manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Bojar
- ETH Zurich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Fuhrer
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Auguste-Piccard-Hof 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Fussenegger
- ETH Zurich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland; Faculty of Life Science, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland.
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45
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Luo H, Tie L, Cao M, Hunter AK, Pabst TM, Du J, Field R, Li Y, Wang WK. Cathepsin L Causes Proteolytic Cleavage of Chinese-Hamster-Ovary Cell Expressed Proteins During Processing and Storage: Identification, Characterization, and Mitigation. Biotechnol Prog 2018; 35:e2732. [PMID: 30320962 PMCID: PMC6587562 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A stochastic approach of copurification of the protease Cathepsin L that results in product fragmentation during purification processing and storage is presented. Cathepsin L was identified using mass spectroscopy, characterization of proteolytic activity, and comparison with fragmentation patterns observed using recombinant Cathepsin L. Cathepsin L existed in Chinese hamster ovary cell culture fluids obtained from cell lines expressing different products and cleaved a variety of recombinant proteins including monoclonal antibodies, antibody fragments, bispecific antibodies, and fusion proteins. Therefore, characterization its chromatographic behavior is essential to ensure robust manufacturing and sufficient shelf life. The chromatographic behaviors of Cathepsin L using a variety of techniques including affinity, cation exchange, anion exchange, and mixed mode chromatography were systematically evaluated. Our data demonstrates that copurification of Cathepsin L on nonaffinity modalities is principally because of similar retention on the stationary phase and not through interactions with product. Lastly, Cathespin L exhibits a broad elution profile in cation exchange chromatography (CEX) likely because of its different forms. Affinity purification is free of fragmentation issue, making affinity capture the best mitigation of Cathepsin L. When affinity purification is not feasible, a high pH wash on CEX can effectively remove Cathepsin L but resulted in significant product loss, while anion exchange chromatography operated in flow-through mode does not efficiently remove Cathepsin L. Mixed mode chromatography, using Capto™ adhere in this example, provides robust clearance over wide process parameter range (pH 7.7 ± 0.3 and 100 ± 50 mM NaCl), making it an ideal technique to clear Cathepsin L. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 35: e2732, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibin Luo
- Purification Process Sciences, Medimmune LLC, Gaithersburg, MD 20878
| | - Liu Tie
- Analytical Sciences, Medimmune LLC, Gaithersburg, MD 20878
| | - Mingyan Cao
- Analytical Sciences, Medimmune LLC, Gaithersburg, MD 20878
| | - Alan K Hunter
- Purification Process Sciences, Medimmune LLC, Gaithersburg, MD 20878
| | - Timothy M Pabst
- Purification Process Sciences, Medimmune LLC, Gaithersburg, MD 20878
| | - Jiali Du
- Formulation Sciences, Medimmune LLC, Gaithersburg, MD 20878
| | - Raymond Field
- Cell Culture and Fermentation Sciences, Medimmune LLC, Cambridge CB21 6GH, U.K
| | - Yuling Li
- Purification Process Sciences, Medimmune LLC, Gaithersburg, MD 20878
| | - William K Wang
- Purification Process Sciences, Medimmune LLC, Gaithersburg, MD 20878
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46
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Greene DG, Traylor SJ, Guo J, Choe LH, Modla S, Xu X, Singh N, Lock LL, Ghose S, Li ZJ, Lee KH, Wagner NJ, Lenhoff AM. Mechanisms of precipitate formation during the purification of an Fc-fusion protein. Biotechnol Bioeng 2018; 115:2489-2503. [PMID: 29896879 PMCID: PMC6185765 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Protein precipitates that arise during bioprocessing can cause manufacturing challenges, but they can also aid in clearance of host-cell protein (HCP) and DNA impurities. Such precipitates differ from many protein precipitates that have been studied previously in their heterogeneous composition, particularly in the presence of high concentrations of the product protein. Here, we characterize the precipitates that form after neutralization of protein A purified and viral-inactivated material of an Fc-fusion protein produced in Chinese hamster ovary cells. The physical growth of precipitate particles was observed by optical microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and small-angle and ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering to characterize the precipitate microstructure and growth mechanism. The precipitate microstructure is well-described as a mass fractal with fractal dimension approximately 2. The growth is governed by a diffusion-limited aggregation mechanism as indicated by a power-law dependence on time of the size of the principal precipitate particles. Optical microscopy shows that these primary particles can further aggregate into larger particles in a manner that appears to be promoted by mixing. Absorbance experiments at varying pH and salt concentrations reveal that the growth is largely driven by attractive electrostatic interactions, as growth is hindered by an increase in ionic strength. The solution conditions that resulted in the most significant particle growth are also correlated with the greatest removal of soluble impurities (DNA and HCPs). Proteomic analysis of the precipitates allows identification of O ( 100 ) unique HCP impurities, depending on the buffer species (acetate or citrate) used for the viral inactivation. Most of these proteins have pI values near the precipitation pH, supporting the likely importance of electrostatic interactions in driving precipitate formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G. Greene
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering,University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Steven J. Traylor
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Devens, MA 01434, USA
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering,University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Leila H. Choe
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering,University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Shannon Modla
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute, Newark, DE 19711, USA
| | - Xuankuo Xu
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Devens, MA 01434, USA
| | - Nripen Singh
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Devens, MA 01434, USA
| | - Lye Lin Lock
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Devens, MA 01434, USA
| | - Sanchayita Ghose
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Devens, MA 01434, USA
| | - Zheng Jian Li
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Devens, MA 01434, USA
| | - Kelvin H. Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering,University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute, Newark, DE 19711, USA
| | - Norman J. Wagner
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering,University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Abraham M. Lenhoff
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering,University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
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47
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Applications of proteomic methods for CHO host cell protein characterization in biopharmaceutical manufacturing. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2018; 53:144-150. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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48
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Dimasi N, Fleming R, Wu H, Gao C. Molecular engineering strategies and methods for the expression and purification of IgG1-based bispecific bivalent antibodies. Methods 2018; 154:77-86. [PMID: 30102989 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, bispecific antibodies (BisAbs) have emerged as novel pharmaceutical candidates owing to their ability to engage two disease mediators simultaneously, thus providing a possible alternative therapeutic approach in complex diseases such as cancer and inflammation. Here we provide an overview of the molecular design, recombinant expression in mammalian cells and purification of BisAbs based on full-length IgG-scFv formats. Practical considerations and strategies to optimize transient expression and purification are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Dimasi
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
| | - R Fleming
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - H Wu
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - C Gao
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
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49
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Goey CH, Alhuthali S, Kontoravdi C. Host cell protein removal from biopharmaceutical preparations: Towards the implementation of quality by design. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:1223-1237. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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50
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Nguyen HC, Langland AL, Amara JP, Dullen M, Kahn DS, Costanzo JA. Improved HCP Reduction Using a New, All-Synthetic Depth Filtration Media Within an Antibody Purification Process. Biotechnol J 2018; 14:e1700771. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John P. Amara
- Biopharm Process Solutions R&D, EMD Millipore Corporation; Bedford MA USA
| | - Michael Dullen
- Biopharm Process Solutions R&D, EMD Millipore Corporation; Bedford MA USA
| | - David S. Kahn
- Bioprocess R&D, Eli Lilly and Company; Indianapolis IN USA
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