1
|
Hörner SJ, Couturier N, Gueiber DC, Hafner M, Rudolf R. Development and In Vitro Differentiation of Schwann Cells. Cells 2022; 11:3753. [PMID: 36497014 PMCID: PMC9739763 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Schwann cells are glial cells of the peripheral nervous system. They exist in several subtypes and perform a variety of functions in nerves. Their derivation and culture in vitro are interesting for applications ranging from disease modeling to tissue engineering. Since primary human Schwann cells are challenging to obtain in large quantities, in vitro differentiation from other cell types presents an alternative. Here, we first review the current knowledge on the developmental signaling mechanisms that determine neural crest and Schwann cell differentiation in vivo. Next, an overview of studies on the in vitro differentiation of Schwann cells from multipotent stem cell sources is provided. The molecules frequently used in those protocols and their involvement in the relevant signaling pathways are put into context and discussed. Focusing on hiPSC- and hESC-based studies, different protocols are described and compared, regarding cell sources, differentiation methods, characterization of cells, and protocol efficiency. A brief insight into developments regarding the culture and differentiation of Schwann cells in 3D is given. In summary, this contribution provides an overview of the current resources and methods for the differentiation of Schwann cells, it supports the comparison and refinement of protocols and aids the choice of suitable methods for specific applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Janice Hörner
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Nathalie Couturier
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Daniele Caroline Gueiber
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Federal University of Technology Paraná, Ponta Grossa 84017-220, Brazil
| | - Mathias Hafner
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Medical Technology, Heidelberg University and Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Rudolf
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Medical Technology, Heidelberg University and Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hsu CYM, Walsh T, Borys BS, Kallos MS, Rancourt DE. An Integrated Approach toward the Biomanufacturing of Engineered Cell Therapy Products in a Stirred-Suspension Bioreactor. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2018; 9:376-389. [PMID: 30038941 PMCID: PMC6054699 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in stem cell biology have accelerated the pre-clinical development of cell-based therapies for degenerative and chronic diseases. The success of this growing area hinges upon the concomitant development of scalable manufacturing platforms that can produce clinically relevant quantities of cells for thousands of patients. Current biomanufacturing practices for cell therapy products are built on a model previously optimized for biologics, wherein stable cell lines are established first, followed by large-scale production in the bioreactor. This “two-step” approach can be costly, labor-intensive, and time-consuming, particularly for cell therapy products that must be individually sourced from patients or compatible donors. In this report, we describe a “one-step” integrated approach toward the biomanufacturing of engineered cell therapy products by direct transfection of primary human fibroblast in a continuous stirred-suspension bioreactor. We optimized the transfection efficiency by testing rate-limiting factors, including cell seeding density, agitation rate, oxygen saturation, microcarrier type, and serum concentration. By combining the genetic modification step with the large-scale expansion step, this not only removes the need for manual handing of cells in planar culture dishes, but also enables the biomanufacturing process to be streamlined and automated in one fully enclosed bioreactor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlie Y M Hsu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Tylor Walsh
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.,Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Breanna S Borys
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.,Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Michael S Kallos
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.,Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.,Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Derrick E Rancourt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.,Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mirfeizi L, Stratton JA, Kumar R, Shah P, Agabalyan N, Stykel MG, Midha R, Biernaskie J, Kallos MS. Serum-free bioprocessing of adult human and rodent skin-derived Schwann cells: implications for cell therapy in nervous system injury. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 11:3385-3397. [PMID: 28176458 DOI: 10.1002/term.2252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury affects 2.8% of trauma patients with severe cases often resulting in long-lived permanent disability, despite nerve repair surgery. Autologous Schwann cell (SC) therapy currently provides an exciting avenue for improved outcomes for these patients, particularly with the possibility to derive SCs from easily-accessible adult skin. However, due to current challenges regarding the efficient expansion of these cells, further optimization is required before they can be seriously considered for clinical application. Here, a microcarrier-based bioreactor system is proposed as a means to scale-up large numbers of adult skin-derived SCs for transplantation into the injured nerve. Bioprocessing parameters that allow for the expansion of adult rodent SCs have been identified, whilst maintaining similar rates of proliferation (as compared to static-grown SCs), expression of SC markers, and, importantly, their capacity to myelinate axons following transplant into the injured sciatic nerve. The same bioprocessing parameters can be applied to SCs derived from adult human skin, and like rodent cells, they sustain their proliferative potential and expression of SC markers. Taken together, this dataset demonstrates the basis for a scalable bioprocess for the production of SCs, an important step towards clinical use of these cells as an adjunct therapy for nerve repair. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leila Mirfeizi
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jo Anne Stratton
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ranjan Kumar
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Prajay Shah
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Natacha Agabalyan
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Morgan G Stykel
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rajiv Midha
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jeff Biernaskie
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael S Kallos
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Walsh T, Biernaskie J, Midha R, Kallos MS. Bioreactor Expansion of Skin-Derived Precursor Schwann Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1502:103-110. [PMID: 27115506 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2016_355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Scaling up the production of cells in a culture process is a critical step when trying to develop cell-based regenerative therapies. Static cultures often cannot be easily scaled up to clinically relevant cell numbers. Alternatively, bioreactors offer a highly valuable means to develop a clinical-ready process. To culture adherent cells in suspension, such as skin-derived precursor Schwann cells (SKP-SCs), microcarriers need to be used. Microcarriers are small spherical beads suspended within the vessel that allow for higher growth surface area to volume ratio. Here we describe the procedure of combining microcarriers with the controllability of bioreactors to generate higher cell densities in smaller reactor volumes leading to a more efficient and cost-effective cell production for applications in regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tylor Walsh
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility (PPRF), University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 1N4
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 1N4
| | - Jeff Biernaskie
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 1N4
| | - Rajiv Midha
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1
| | - Michael S Kallos
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility (PPRF), University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 1N4.
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 1N4.
- Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 1N4.
| |
Collapse
|