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Bengtsson JD, Wallis JG, Bai S, Browse J. The coexpression of two desaturases provides an optimized reduction of saturates in camelina oil. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:497-505. [PMID: 36382992 PMCID: PMC9946138 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Reducing the saturate content of vegetable oils is key to increasing their utility and adoption as a feedstock for the production of biofuels. Expression of either the FAT5 16 : 0-CoA desaturase from Caenorhabditis elegans, or an engineered cyanobacterial 16 : 0/18 : 0-glycerolipid desaturase, DES9*, in seeds of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) substantially lowered oil saturates. However, because pathway fluxes and regulation of oil synthesis are known to differ across species, translating this transgene technology from the model plant to crop species requires additional investigation. In the work reported here, we found that high expression of FAT5 in seeds of camelina (Camelina sativa) provided only a moderate decrease in saturates, from 12.9% of total oil fatty acids in untransformed controls to 8.6%. Expression of DES9* reduced saturates to 4.6%, but compromised seed physiology and oil content. However, the coexpression of the two desaturases together cooperatively reduced saturates to only 4.0%, less than one-third of the level in the parental line, without compromising oil yield or seedling germination and establishment. Our successful lowering of oil saturates in camelina identifies strategies that can now be integrated with genetic engineering approaches that reduce polyunsaturates to provide optimized oil composition for biofuels in camelina and other oil seed crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse D. Bengtsson
- Institute of Biological ChemistryWashington State UniversityPullmanWashingtonUSA
| | - James G. Wallis
- Institute of Biological ChemistryWashington State UniversityPullmanWashingtonUSA
| | - Shuangyi Bai
- Institute of Biological ChemistryWashington State UniversityPullmanWashingtonUSA
| | - John Browse
- Institute of Biological ChemistryWashington State UniversityPullmanWashingtonUSA
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2
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Wallis JG, Bengtsson JD, Browse J. Molecular Approaches Reduce Saturates and Eliminate trans Fats in Food Oils. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:908608. [PMID: 35720592 PMCID: PMC9205222 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.908608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Vegetable oils composed of triacylglycerols (TAG) are a major source of calories in human diets. However, the fatty acid compositions of these oils are not ideal for human nutrition and the needs of the food industry. Saturated fatty acids contribute to health problems, while polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) can become rancid upon storage or processing. In this review, we first summarize the pathways of fatty acid metabolism and TAG synthesis and detail the problems with the oil compositions of major crops. Then we describe how transgenic expression of desaturases and downregulation of the plastid FatB thioesterase have provided the means to lower oil saturates. The traditional solution to PUFA rancidity uses industrial chemistry to reduce PUFA content by partial hydrogenation, but this results in the production of trans fats that are even more unhealthy than saturated fats. We detail the discoveries in the biochemistry and molecular genetics of oil synthesis that provided the knowledge and tools to lower oil PUFA content by blocking their synthesis during seed development. Finally, we describe the successes in breeding and biotechnology that are giving us new, high-oleic, low PUFA varieties of soybean, canola and other oilseed crops.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John Browse
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
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3
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Zhang M, Liu W, Qu Q, Ke M, Zhang Z, Zhou Z, Lu T, Qian H. Metabolomic modulations in a freshwater microbial community exposed to the fungicide azoxystrobin. J Environ Sci (China) 2020; 97:102-109. [PMID: 32933724 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
An effective broad-spectrum fungicide, azoxystrobin (AZ), has been widely detected in aquatic ecosystems, potentially affecting the growth of aquatic microorganisms. In the present study, the eukaryotic alga Monoraphidium sp. and the cyanobacterium Pseudanabaena sp. were exposed to AZ for 7 days. Our results showed that 0.2-0.5 mg/L concentrations of AZ slightly inhibited the growth of Monoraphidium sp. but stimulated Pseudanabaena sp. growth. Meanwhile, AZ treatment effectively increased the secretion of total organic carbon (TOC) in the culture media of the two species, and this phenomenon was also found in a freshwater microcosm experiment (containing the natural microbial community). We attempted to assess the effect of AZ on the function of aquatic microbial communities through metabolomic analysis and further explore the potential risks of this compound. The metabonomic profiles of the microcosm indicated that the most varied metabolites after AZ treatment were related to the citrate cycle (TCA), fatty acid biosynthesis and purine metabolism. We thereby inferred that the microbial community increased extracellular secretions by adjusting metabolic pathways, which might be a stress response to reduce AZ toxicity. Our results provide an important theoretical basis for further study of fungicide stress responses in aquatic microcosm microbial communities, as well as a good start for further explorations of AZ detoxification mechanisms, which will be valuable for the evaluation of AZ environmental risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengwei Zhang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China; Department of Jianhu, Zhejiang Industry Polytechnic College, Shaoxing 31200, China
| | - Wanyue Liu
- Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Qian Qu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Mingjing Ke
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Zhenyan Zhang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Zhigao Zhou
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Tao Lu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Haifeng Qian
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China; Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China.
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Nachtschatt M, Okada S, Speight R. Integral Membrane Fatty Acid Desaturases: A Review of Biochemical, Structural, and Biotechnological Advances. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.202000181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Nachtschatt
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Clunies Ross St. Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
- Queensland University of Technology 2 George St. Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
| | - Shoko Okada
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Clunies Ross St. Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Robert Speight
- Queensland University of Technology 2 George St. Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
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5
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Subedi U, Jayawardhane KN, Pan X, Ozga J, Chen G, Foroud NA, Singer SD. The Potential of Genome Editing for Improving Seed Oil Content and Fatty Acid Composition in Oilseed Crops. Lipids 2020; 55:495-512. [PMID: 32856292 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A continuous rise in demand for vegetable oils, which comprise mainly the storage lipid triacylglycerol, is fueling a surge in research efforts to increase seed oil content and improve fatty acid composition in oilseed crops. Progress in this area has been achieved using both conventional breeding and transgenic approaches to date. However, further advancements using traditional breeding methods will be complicated by the polyploid nature of many oilseed crops and associated time constraints, while public perception and the prohibitive cost of regulatory processes hinders the commercialization of transgenic oilseed crops. As such, genome editing using CRISPR/Cas is emerging as a breakthrough breeding tool that could provide a platform to keep pace with escalating demand while potentially minimizing regulatory burden. In this review, we discuss the technology itself and progress that has been made thus far with respect to its use in oilseed crops to improve seed oil content and quality. Furthermore, we examine a number of genes that may provide ideal targets for genome editing in this context, as well as new CRISPR-related tools that have the potential to be applied to oilseed plants and may allow additional gains to be made in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udaya Subedi
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, T1J 4B1, AB, Canada.,Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2P5, AB, Canada
| | - Kethmi N Jayawardhane
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2P5, AB, Canada
| | - Xue Pan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2P5, AB, Canada
| | - Jocelyn Ozga
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2P5, AB, Canada
| | - Guanqun Chen
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2P5, AB, Canada
| | - Nora A Foroud
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, T1J 4B1, AB, Canada
| | - Stacy D Singer
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, T1J 4B1, AB, Canada
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Yan FX, Dong GR, Qiang S, Niu YJ, Hu CY, Meng YH. Overexpression of △12, △15-Desaturases for Enhanced Lipids Synthesis in Yarrowia lipolytica. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:289. [PMID: 32158438 PMCID: PMC7051990 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial oil triacylglycerol (TAG) from the renewable feedstock attract much attention. The oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica has become the most studied for lipid biosynthesis. Fatty acid desaturases catalyze the introduction of a double bond into fatty-acid hydrocarbon chains to produce unsaturated fatty acids. Desaturases are known to enhance lipid accumulation. In this study, we have achieved a significant increase in lipid production and increase the unsaturated fatty acids content in Y. lipolytica. By comparing the expression of the native genes of △-9 stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) and △12 desaturase (△12D), and an exogenous △15 desaturase (△15D) from flax in the strain with deleted peroxisomal biogenesis factor 10 (PEX10) and overexpressed diacylglyceride acyl-transferase (DGA1), we found that the strain with overexpressed △15 desaturase accumulated 30.7% lipid. Simultaneously, we explored the effect of two copies of desaturase genes (12D-SCD, 15D-SCD, 12D-15D) on lipid production, and found co-expression of △12D and △15D accumulated 42.6% lipid. The lipid content was further increased by 56.3% through the deletion of the multifunctional enzyme (MFE1) and the overexpression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC1). Finally, the lipid productivity of 50 g/L and maximal lipid content of 77.8% DCW are obtained using a 5-L stirred-tank bioreactor during the stationary phase in the engineered YL-10. Our result demonstrated that the △12 and △15 desaturases play an important role in lipid production in Y. lipolytica and provides an effective strategy for biodiesel development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xin Yan
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Gui Ru Dong
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Security Control, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shan Qiang
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Security Control, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.,Xi'an Healthful Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Xi'an, China
| | - Yong Jie Niu
- Xi'an Healthful Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Xi'an, China
| | - Ching Yuan Hu
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Security Control, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Yong Hong Meng
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Security Control, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
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Zhou XR, Li J, Wan X, Hua W, Singh S. Harnessing Biotechnology for the Development of New Seed Lipid Traits in Brassica. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:1197-1204. [PMID: 31076774 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The seed oil quality of Brassica oilseed species has been improved in the last few decades, using conventional breeding approaches. Modern biotechnology has enabled the significant development of new seed lipid traits in many oil crops. Alternation of seed lipid component with gene knockout by RNAi gene silencing, artificial microRNA or gene editing within the crop is relative straightforward. Introducing a new pathway from an exogenous source via biotechnology enables the creation of a new trait, where the biosynthetic pathway for such a new trait is not available in the host crop. This review updates the recent development of new seed lipid traits in six major Brassica species and highlights the capability of biotechnology to improve the composition of important fatty acids for both industrial and nutritional purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jun Li
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xia Wan
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Hua
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
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