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Ferrandi EE, Bertuletti S, Monti D, Riva S. Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases: An Ongoing Story. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Erica Elisa Ferrandi
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “G. Natta” (SCITEC); Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR); Via Mario Bianco 9 20131 Milano Italy
| | - Susanna Bertuletti
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “G. Natta” (SCITEC); Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR); Via Mario Bianco 9 20131 Milano Italy
- Università degli Studi di Milano; Via Giuseppe Colombo 60 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Daniela Monti
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “G. Natta” (SCITEC); Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR); Via Mario Bianco 9 20131 Milano Italy
| | - Sergio Riva
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “G. Natta” (SCITEC); Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR); Via Mario Bianco 9 20131 Milano Italy
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2
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Fellechner O, Blatkiewicz M, Smirnova I. Reactive Separations for In Situ Product Removal of Enzymatic Reactions: A Review. CHEM-ING-TECH 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201900027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Fellechner
- Hamburg University of Technology Institute of Thermal Separation Processes Eißendorfer Straße 38 21073 Hamburg Germany
| | - Michał Blatkiewicz
- Hamburg University of Technology Institute of Thermal Separation Processes Eißendorfer Straße 38 21073 Hamburg Germany
| | - Irina Smirnova
- Hamburg University of Technology Institute of Thermal Separation Processes Eißendorfer Straße 38 21073 Hamburg Germany
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3
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Screening of organic solvents for bioprocesses using aqueous-organic two-phase systems. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:1801-1814. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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4
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A review on enzymatic polymerization to produce polycondensation polymers: The case of aliphatic polyesters, polyamides and polyesteramides. Prog Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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5
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Escherichia coli kduD encodes an oxidoreductase that converts both sugar and steroid substrates. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:5471-85. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5551-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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6
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Goderis HL, Ampe G, Feyten MP, Fouwé BL, Guffens WM, Van Cauwenbergh SM, Tobback PP. Lipase-catalyzed ester exchange reactions in organic media with controlled humidity. Biotechnol Bioeng 2012; 30:258-66. [PMID: 18581307 DOI: 10.1002/bit.260300216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Immobilized lipase activity is studied in organic solvent systems of controlled water content under the influence of a variety of reaction parameters, such as temperature, relative humidity, substrate concentrations, and type of fatty acid used. Control of the amount of water in the reaction system was found to be a valuable tool for the orientation of the reaction process and for the determination of the final reaction products. The properties of the immobilized lipase were studied using the interesterification of triolein and palmitic acid as the model system.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Goderis
- Catholic University of Leuven, Laboratory of Food Technology, Kardinaal Mercierlaan 92, 3030 Heverlee, Belgium
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7
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Monti D, Ottolina G, Carrea G, Riva S. Redox Reactions Catalyzed by Isolated Enzymes. Chem Rev 2011; 111:4111-40. [DOI: 10.1021/cr100334x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Monti
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, C.N.R., Via Mario Bianco 9, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Gianluca Ottolina
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, C.N.R., Via Mario Bianco 9, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Giacomo Carrea
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, C.N.R., Via Mario Bianco 9, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Sergio Riva
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, C.N.R., Via Mario Bianco 9, 20131 Milano, Italy
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8
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Karande R, Schmid A, Buehler K. Enzyme catalysis in an aqueous/organic segment flow microreactor: ways to stabilize enzyme activity. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:9152-9159. [PMID: 20201570 DOI: 10.1021/la9048727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Multiphase flow microreactors benefit from rapid mixing and high mass transfer rates, yet their application in enzymatic catalysis is limited due to the fast inactivation of enzymes used as biocatalysts. Enzyme inactivation during segment flow is due to the large interfacial area between aqueous and organic phases. The Peclet number of the system points to strong convective forces within the segments, and this results in rapid deactivation of the enzyme depending on segment length and flow rate. Addition of surfactant to the aqueous phase or enzyme immobilization prevents the biocatalyst from direct contact with the interface and thus stabilizes the enzyme activity. Almost 100% enzyme activity can be recovered compared to 45% without any enzyme or medium modification. Drop tensiometry measurements point to a mixed enzyme-surfactant interfacial adsorption, and above a certain concentration, the surfactant forms a protective layer between the interface and the biocatalyst in the aqueous compartments. Theoretical models were used to compare adsorption kinetics of the protein to the interface in the segment flow microreactor and in the drop tensiometry measurements. This study is the basis for the development of segment flow microreactors as a tool to perform productive enzymatic catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Karande
- Laboratory of Chemical Biotechnology, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU- Dortmund, Emil-Figge-Strasse 66, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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9
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Wehtje E, Adlercreutz P, Mattiasson B. Reaction Kinetics of Immobilized α-Chymotrypsin in Organic Media 1. Influence at Solvent Polarity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/10242429308997676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ernst Wehtje
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Univ. of Lund, PO Box 124, S-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Bo Mattiasson
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Univ. of Lund, PO Box 124, S-221 00, Lund, Sweden
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10
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11
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Wehtje E, Adlercreutz P, Mattiasson B. Reaction Kinetics of Immobilized α Chymotrypsin in Organic Media 2. Effects of Substrate Partition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/10242429308997677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ernst Wehtje
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Univ. of Lund, PO Box 124, S-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Bo Mattiasson
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Univ. of Lund, PO Box 124, S-221 00, Lund, Sweden
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Aldercreutz
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemical Center, University of Lund, P.O. Box 124, S-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bo Mattiasson
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemical Center, University of Lund, P.O. Box 124, S-221 00, Lund, Sweden
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13
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The use of coenzymes in biochemical reactors. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/3540092625_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
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14
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Patel S, Mehra A. Mathematical analysis of solid-liquid mass transfer in a batch reactor for the enzymatic transformation of testosterone to 4AD. Biotechnol Bioeng 2002; 79:647-52. [PMID: 12209812 DOI: 10.1002/bit.10327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A previous mathematical analysis of mass transfer in a two-phase (solid-liquid) batch reactor for enzymatic transformation of testosterone to 4AD (Pereira et al., 1987) is extended to incorporate the effect of convective mixing. The results of the analysis showed that for a given enzyme loading, the mass transfer resistance in the solid (a function of the bead size) and the intensity of convective mixing (as embodied in the mass transfer coefficient) are two parameters that can be varied such that the overall mass transfer rate from the solid to the liquid phase ensures optimal reactor performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shwetal Patel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, Powai, Bombay 400076, India
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15
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Gargouri M, Drouet P, Legoy MD. Synthesis of a novel macrolactone by lipase-catalyzed intra-esterification of hydroxy-fatty acid in organic media. J Biotechnol 2002; 92:259-66. [PMID: 11689250 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1656(01)00374-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The unsaturations and groups bound to the ring and to the lateral chain of lactones give a large diversity in this class of molecules. In this work we produced enzymatically a macrolactone in organic media. The substrate used was a hydroxy-fatty acid: (+)-coriolic acid and the enzymes tested were free or immobilized microbial lipases. The immobilized lipase from Candida antarctica seems to be the most adequate catalyst offering a high reaction yield. The intra-esterification was studied as a function of temperature and type of solvent. Higher yields were obtained when using diisopropyl-ether at 35 degrees C. This reaction, involving an alcohol group on an internal position on the carbon chain of the substrate hydroxy-acid, produces an original lactone: 13S-octadeca-(9Z,11E)-dienolide. The product was purified and characterized using (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and infrared spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Gargouri
- Biological Engineering Unit, National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology (INSAT), BP 676, 1080 Tunis Cedex, Tunisia.
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16
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Hilhorst R, Laane C, Veeger C. Enzymatic conversion of apolar compounds in organic media using an NADH-regenerating system and dihydrogen as reductant. FEBS Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(83)80451-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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17
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Woodley JM. Advances in enzyme technology--UK contributions. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2001; 70:93-108. [PMID: 11092130 DOI: 10.1007/3-540-44965-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme technology has been a recognised part of bioprocess engineering since its inception in the 1950s and 1960s. In this article the early history of enzyme technology is discussed and the subsequent developments in enzyme isolation, enzyme modification and process technology are described. These creative developments have put enzyme technology in a position of huge potential to contribute to environmentally compatible and cost effective means of industrial chemical synthesis. Recent developments in protein modification to produce designer enzymes are leading a new wave of enzyme application.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Woodley
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, UK
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18
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19
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Patel S, Mehra A. Manipulation of Bulk Reactions in Multiphase Systems by the Use of Microheterogeneous Media. Chem Eng Res Des 1999. [DOI: 10.1205/026387699525963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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20
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Brosa C, Rodríguez-Santamarta C, Salvá J, Barberà E. Baeyer-Villiger oxidation by Pseudomonas putida NCIMB 10007 in organic solvents: the influence on the regioselectivity. Tetrahedron 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(98)00266-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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21
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Linko YY, Wang ZL, Seppälä J. Lipase-catalyzed linear aliphatic polyester synthesis in organic solvent. Enzyme Microb Technol 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0141-0229(94)00095-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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22
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Enzyme reactions in reverse micelles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4501(06)80154-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
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23
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Oxidoreductions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-035941-0.50008-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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24
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Sinisterra J, Alcantara A. Synthesis of peptides catalysed by enzymes: A practical overview. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0304-5102(93)85064-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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25
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Ahmad S, Garg SK, Johri BN. Biotransformation of sterols: Selective cleavage of the side chain. Biotechnol Adv 1992; 10:1-67. [PMID: 14540800 DOI: 10.1016/0734-9750(92)91351-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This review elaborates on the recent development of microbial sterol biotransformation systems. Particular emphasis is laid on the new enzymatic approach investigating the cleavage of sterol side chain. New developments in the area of immobilized cell system and use of organic media along with recent reviews on side chain cleavage are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ahmad
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India
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26
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Shimizu S, Kataoka M, Katoh M, Morikawa T, Miyoshi T, Yamada H. Stereoselective Reduction of Ethyl 4-Chloro-3-Oxobutanoate by a Microbial Aldehyde Reductase in an Organic Solvent-Water Diphasic System. Appl Environ Microbiol 1990; 56:2374-2377. [PMID: 16348250 PMCID: PMC184736 DOI: 10.1128/aem.56.8.2374-2377.1990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzyme-catalyzed asymmetric reduction of ethyl 4-chloro-3-oxobutanoate in an organic solvent-water diphasic system was studied. NADPH-dependent aldehyde reductase isolated from Sporobolomyces salmonicolor AKU4429 and glucose dehydrogenase were used as catalysts for reduction of ethyl 4-chloro-3-oxobutanoate and recycling of NADPH, respectively, in this system. In an aqueous system, the substrate was unstable. Inhibition of the reaction and inactivation of the enzymes by the substrate and the product were also observed. An n-butyl acetate-water diphasic system very efficiently overcame these limitations. In a 1,600-ml-1,600-ml scale diphasic reaction, ethyl (R)-4-chloro-3-hydroxybutanoate (0.80 mol; 86% enantiomeric excess) was produced from the corresponding oxoester in a molar yield of 95.4% with an NADPH turnover of 5,500 mol/mol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakayu Shimizu
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606, and Biochemistry Department, Research Center, Denki Kagaku Kogyo, Machida, Tokyo 194, Japan
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27
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Pfammatter N, Guadalupe AA, Luisi PL. Solubilization and activity of yeast cells in water-in-oil microemulsion. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1989; 161:1244-51. [PMID: 2662975 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(89)91376-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Baker yeast cells are solubilized in organic solvents by the use of surfactants and small amounts of water. Data are reported for three different systems, Tween/Isopropylpalmitat, Asolectin/IPP, Asolectin/Hexadecane. The viability (life-capability) can remain as high as 80% for 10 Days, the asolectin systems being more efficient. The viability is significantly higher for yeast cells derived from cultures which had been previously solubilized in the microemulsion system. The implications of the finding for microbiology in organic solvents, and some general mechanistic aspects, are briefly discussed.
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28
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Khmelnitsky Y, Levashov A, Klyachko N, Martinek K. Engineering biocatalytic systems in organic media with low water content. Enzyme Microb Technol 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0141-0229(88)90115-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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29
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30
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Biphasic one-pot synthesis of two useful and separable compounds using nicotinamide cofactor-requiring enzymes: Syntheses of (S)-4-hydroxyhexanoate and its lactone. Enzyme Microb Technol 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/0141-0229(87)90089-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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31
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Pereira V, Tigli H, Gryte CC. Mathematical analysis of two-phase mass transfer in a batch reactor for the chemical transformation of a steroid. Biotechnol Bioeng 1987; 30:505-13. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.260300407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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32
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Laane C, Boeren S, Vos K, Veeger C. Rules for optimization of biocatalysis in organic solvents. Biotechnol Bioeng 1987; 30:81-7. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.260300112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1278] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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33
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Reslow M, Adlercreutz P, Mattiasson B. Organic solvents for bioorganic synthesis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 1987. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00282141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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34
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Carrea G, Cremonesi P. [14] Enzyme-catalyzed steroid transformations in water-organic solvent two-phase systems. Methods Enzymol 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(87)36016-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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35
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Abstract
A wide range of enzymes and whole microbial cells will act as catalysts in reaction mixtures that contain 2 or more phases, one of which is an organic liquid (either a reactant or including water-immiscible organic solvents). These "biphasic" systems have a variety of structures, knowledge of which aids predictions about biocatalyst activity and stability. There is often a dilute aqueous solution phase (containing the biocatalyst), which may be emulsified with the organic phase, or "trapped" within catalyst particles; sometimes however there may only be traces of water adsorbed to the enzyme or cells. These reaction systems offer several advantages for industrial applications, notably the higher solubilities of many reactants of interest, and the ability of readily available hydrolytic enzymes to catalyse syntheses. The most non-polar organic liquids are least likely to inactivate biocatalysts, though many do remain active with relatively polar solvents. Modification of the biocatalyst may stabilise against inactivation, especially where this is due to direct contact with the phase interface. The mass transfer processes required in these systems remain poorly understood, particularly because the interfacial area is often unknown. Attractive continuous reactors may be operated using a packed bed of catalyst with a trapped aqueous phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Halling
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Strathclyde. 204 George Street, Glasgow, G1 1XW, UK
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36
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[13] Two-liquid phase biocatalytic reactors. Methods Enzymol 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(87)36015-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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37
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Brookes I, Lilly M, Drozd J. Stereospecific hydrolysis of d,l-menthyl acetate by Bacillus subtilis: mass transfer-reaction interactions in a liquid-liquid system. Enzyme Microb Technol 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/0141-0229(86)90012-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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38
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Mattiasson B, Larsson M. Extractive Bioconversions with Emphasis on Solvent Production. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 1985. [DOI: 10.1080/02648725.1985.10647811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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39
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Saunders RP, Hardman R, Cheetham PSJ. The use of a hydrophobic resin as a product reservoir in steroid transformations. Biotechnol Bioeng 1985; 27:825-31. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.260270611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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40
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Abstract
The effect of organic solvents on the stability and catalytic activity of the microbial lipase from Candida rugosa for hydrolysis of triglyceride (fat splitting) has been examined. The solvents examined were 5 hydrocarbons (n-hexane, n-heptane, n-octane, iso-octane and cyclohexane) and 3 ethers (diethyl-ether, diisopropylether and di-n-butylether). The results revealed that iso-octane and cyclohexane are superior to the other solvents examined for enzymatic fat splitting in organic solvent systems.
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41
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42
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Carrea G, Bovara R, Longhi R, Barani R. Enzymatic reduction of dehydrocholic acid to 12-ketochenodeoxycholic acid with NADH regeneration. Enzyme Microb Technol 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/0141-0229(84)90058-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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43
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Ergan F, Atrai P, Dhulster P, Gellf G, Kim MN, Legoy MD, Thomas D. Steroid modifications with immobilized biocatalysts--use of immobilized enzyme-requiring cofactor regeneration and of immobilized mycelium. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ALLGEMEINE MIKROBIOLOGIE 1982; 22:607-15. [PMID: 6962578 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.3630220902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Two biological approaches have been investigated for specific modifications of steroids. The first one uses the purified enzyme for the specific dehydrogenation of androsterone to androstanedione. The enzyme used is 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase which requires a cofactor (NAD). A cofactor regeneration is needed so that the process could work continuously. The conjugation of two points (immobilization of the enzyme and optimization of the ratio methanol-water) allows a continuous work of the enzyme during 25 days. Moreover, we propose a chemical regeneration of the cofactor using methoxy derivative of phenazine methosulphate. Right now it is the limiting step of the process. The second approach of steroid modification uses a whole mycelium of Aspergillus phoenicis for the specific hydroxylation of progesterone to 11 alpha-hydroxy progesterone. The transformation of 90% of the progesterone is obtained with calcium alginate immobilization and the lowest number of products is obtained at pH lower than 2.5 with carrageenan and polyurethane immobilization. It seems promising to apply immobilized biocatalysts to the bioconversion of hydrophobic compounds in organic solvents system.
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Carrea G, Bovara R, Pasta P, Cremonesi P. The effect of Hofmeister anions and protein concentration on the activity and stability of some immobilized NAD-dependent dehydrogenases. Biotechnol Bioeng 1982; 24:1-7. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.260240102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Antonini E, Carrea G, Cremonesi P. Enzyme catalysed reactions in water - Organic solvent two-phase systems. Enzyme Microb Technol 1981. [DOI: 10.1016/0141-0229(81)90002-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Legoy M, Garde VL, Le Moullec J, Ergan F, Thomas D. Cofactor regeneration in immobilized enzyme systems: chemical grafting of functional NAD in the active site of dehydrogenases. Biochimie 1980; 62:341-5. [DOI: 10.1016/s0300-9084(80)80163-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Application of photo-crosslinkable resin prepolymers to entrap microbial cells. Effects of increased cell-entrapping gel hydrophobicity on the hydrocortisone ?1-Dehydrogenation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1979. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00499162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Carrea G, Colombi F, Mazzola G, Cremonesi P, Antonini E. Immobilized hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases for the transformation of steroids in water--organic solvent systems. Biotechnol Bioeng 1979; 21:39-48. [PMID: 427261 DOI: 10.1002/bit.260210104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases: beta-HSDH, 20 beta-HSDH, and 3 alpha-HSDH, were immobilized on CNBr-activated Sepharose. The effect of various immobilization conditions on the activity recovery and stability were examined. The presence of cofactor during the immobilization reaction increased the activity recovery (40--60% of the total) and also led to materials highly stable in the presence of organic solvents. For example, beta-HSDH maintained 60% of its original activity two months after continuous use in the water--ethyl-acetate system. Kinetic experiments showed that the increase of the apparent Km values is poor and demonstrated that the organic solvent behaves as a weak inhibitor (ki greater than 0.2M) for the substrate. The immobilized enzymes lyophilized in the presence of sucrose had full activity restored even after several months storage at room temperature. Immobilized hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases were shown to be suitable for preparative transformation of steroids in water--organic solvent systems.
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