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de Albuquerque TL, de Sousa M, Gomes E Silva NC, Girão Neto CAC, Gonçalves LRB, Fernandez-Lafuente R, Rocha MVP. β-Galactosidase from Kluyveromyces lactis: Characterization, production, immobilization and applications - A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 191:881-898. [PMID: 34571129 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A review on the enzyme β-galactosidase from Kluyveromyces lactis is presented, from the perspective of its structure and mechanisms of action, the main catalyzed reactions, the key factors influencing its activity, and selectivity, as well as the main techniques used for improving the biocatalyst functionality. Particular attention was given to the discussion of hydrolysis, transglycosylation, and galactosylation reactions, which are commonly mediated by this enzyme. In addition, the products generated from these processes were highlighted. Finally, biocatalyst improvement techniques are also discussed, such as enzyme immobilization and protein engineering. On these topics, the most recent immobilization strategies are presented, emphasizing processes that not only allow the recovery of the biocatalyst but also deliver enzymes that show better resistance to high temperatures, chemicals, and inhibitors. In addition, genetic engineering techniques to improve the catalytic properties of the β-galactosidases were reported. This review gathers information to allow the development of biocatalysts based on the β-galactosidase enzyme from K. lactis, aiming to improve existing bioprocesses or develop new ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Lima de Albuquerque
- Federal University of Ceará, Technology Center, Chemical Engineering Department, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, 60 455 - 760 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Marylane de Sousa
- Federal University of Ceará, Technology Center, Chemical Engineering Department, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, 60 455 - 760 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Natan Câmara Gomes E Silva
- Federal University of Ceará, Technology Center, Chemical Engineering Department, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, 60 455 - 760 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Chaves Girão Neto
- Federal University of Ceará, Technology Center, Chemical Engineering Department, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, 60 455 - 760 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Luciana Rocha Barros Gonçalves
- Federal University of Ceará, Technology Center, Chemical Engineering Department, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, 60 455 - 760 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica - CSIC, Campus of excellence UAM-CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; Center of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Maria Valderez Ponte Rocha
- Federal University of Ceará, Technology Center, Chemical Engineering Department, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, 60 455 - 760 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
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Meng W, Zhang Y, Cao M, Zhang W, Lü C, Yang C, Gao C, Xu P, Ma C. Efficient 2,3-butanediol production from whey powder using metabolically engineered Klebsiella oxytoca. Microb Cell Fact 2020; 19:162. [PMID: 32778112 PMCID: PMC7419187 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-020-01420-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whey is a major pollutant generated by the dairy industry. To decrease environmental pollution caused by the industrial release of whey, new prospects for its utilization need to be urgently explored. Here, we investigated the possibility of using whey powder to produce 2,3-butanediol (BDO), an important platform chemical. RESULTS Klebsiella oxytoca strain PDL-0 was selected because of its ability to efficiently produce BDO from lactose, the major fermentable sugar in whey. After deleting genes pox, pta, frdA, ldhD, and pflB responding for the production of by-products acetate, succinate, lactate, and formate, a recombinant strain K. oxytoca PDL-K5 was constructed. Fed-batch fermentation using K. oxytoca PDL-K5 produced 74.9 g/L BDO with a productivity of 2.27 g/L/h and a yield of 0.43 g/g from lactose. In addition, when whey powder was used as the substrate, 65.5 g/L BDO was produced within 24 h with a productivity of 2.73 g/L/h and a yield of 0.44 g/g. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated the efficiency of K. oxytoca PDL-0 for BDO production from whey. Due to its non-pathogenicity and efficient lactose utilization, K. oxytoca PDL-0 might also be used in the production of other important chemicals using whey as the substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensi Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Menghao Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Center for Gene and Immunotherapy, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanjuan Lü
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chunyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuiqing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China.
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Song CW, Park JM, Chung SC, Lee SY, Song H. Microbial production of 2,3-butanediol for industrial applications. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 46:1583-1601. [PMID: 31468234 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-019-02231-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
2,3-Butanediol (2,3-BD) has great potential for diverse industries, including chemical, cosmetics, agriculture, and pharmaceutical areas. However, its industrial production and usage are limited by the fairly high cost of its petro-based production. Several bio-based 2,3-BD production processes have been developed and their economic advantages over petro-based production process have been reported. In particular, many 2,3-BD-producing microorganisms including bacteria and yeast have been isolated and metabolically engineered for efficient production of 2,3-BD. In addition, several fermentation processes have been tested using feedstocks such as starch, sugar, glycerol, and even lignocellulose as raw materials. Since separation and purification of 2,3-BD from fermentation broth account for the majority of its production cost, cost-effective processes have been simultaneously developed. The construction of a demonstration plant that can annually produce around 300 tons of 2,3-BD is scheduled to be mechanically completed in Korea in 2019. In this paper, core technologies for bio-based 2,3-BD production are reviewed and their potentials for use in the commercial sector are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Woo Song
- Research and Development Center, GS Caltex Corporation, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34122, South Korea
| | - Jong Myoung Park
- Research and Development Center, GS Caltex Corporation, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34122, South Korea
| | - Sang Chul Chung
- Research and Development Center, GS Caltex Corporation, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34122, South Korea.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Plus Program), BioProcess Engineering Research Center, Bioinformatics Research Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Sang Yup Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Plus Program), BioProcess Engineering Research Center, Bioinformatics Research Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Hyohak Song
- Research and Development Center, GS Caltex Corporation, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34122, South Korea.
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Ji XJ, Huang H, Ouyang PK. Microbial 2,3-butanediol production: a state-of-the-art review. Biotechnol Adv 2011; 29:351-64. [PMID: 21272631 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 430] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2010] [Revised: 01/07/2011] [Accepted: 01/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
2,3-butanediol is a promising bulk chemical due to its extensive industry applications. The state-of-the-art nature of microbial 2,3-butanediol production is reviewed in this paper. Various strategies for efficient and economical microbial 2,3-butanediol production, including strain improvement, substrate alternation, and process development, are reviewed and compared with regard to their pros and cons. This review also summarizes value added derivatives of biologically produced 2,3-butanediol and different strategies for downstream processing. The future prospects of microbial 2,3-butanediol production are discussed in light of the current progress, challenges, and trends in this field. Guidelines for future studies are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jun Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, No. 5 Xinmofan Road, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
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Wu KJ, Saratale GD, Lo YC, Chen WM, Tseng ZJ, Chang MC, Tsai BC, Su A, Chang JS. Simultaneous production of 2,3-butanediol, ethanol and hydrogen with a Klebsiella sp. strain isolated from sewage sludge. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2008; 99:7966-70. [PMID: 18479913 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2008] [Revised: 03/27/2008] [Accepted: 03/31/2008] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A Klebsiella sp. HE1 strain isolated from hydrogen-producing sewage sludge was examined for its ability to produce H2 and other valuable soluble metabolites (e.g., ethanol and 2,3-butanediol) from sucrose-based medium. The effect of pH and carbon substrate concentration on the production of soluble and gaseous products was investigated. The major soluble metabolite produced from Klebsiella sp. HE1 was 2,3-butanediol, accounting for over 42-58% of soluble microbial products (SMP) and its production efficiency enhanced after increasing the initial culture pH to 7.3 (without pH control). The HE1 strain also produced ethanol (contributing to 29-42% of total SMP) and a small amount of lactic acid and acetic acid. The gaseous products consisted of H2 (25-36%) and CO2 (64-75%). The optimal cumulative hydrogen production (2.7 l) and hydrogen yield (0.92mol H2 mol sucrose(-1)) were obtained at an initial sucrose concentration of 30g CODl(-1) (i.e., 26.7gl(-1)), which also led to the highest production rate for H2 (3.26mmol h(-1)l(-1)), ethanol (6.75mmol h(-1)l(-1)) and 2,3-butanediol (7.14mmol h(-1)l(-1)). The highest yield for H2, ethanol and 2,3-butanediol was 0.92, 0.81 and 0.59molmol-sucrose(-1), respectively. As for the overall energy production performance, the highest energy generation rate was 27.7kJ h(-1)l(-1) and the best energy yield was 2.45kJmolsucrose(-1), which was obtained at a sucrose concentration of 30 and 20g CODl(-1), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Jer Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biochemical Engineering, Kao Yuan University, Kaohsiung 821, Taiwan
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Larroche C, Gros JB. Special transformation processes using fungal spores and immobilized cells. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 1997; 55:179-220. [PMID: 9017927 DOI: 10.1007/bfb0102066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Although many microbial processes have been described which are able to produce interesting aroma compounds, the number of industrial applications are limited. Reasons for this are in most cases low final product yield, low biotransformation rates, substrates and/or end-products inhibition, toxicity towards the microorganisms themselves and difficulties of recovery from the bioreaction mixture. This means that the development of specific catalysts and processes is an important challenge for researchers in this field. This review presents two special kinds of catalysts, fungal spores and immobilized cells, with emphasis on their production and on their use in the production of aroma compounds. The production of fungal spores by solid state fermentation is described in greater detail. In the second part, this review also offers examples of development of three production processes, the production of methyl ketones of spores of Penicillium roquefortii, the hydroxylation of beta-ionone by immobilized Aspergillus niger cells, and the production of alkyl pyrazines by bacteria in liquid and solid media. For each of these processes, the analysis of limiting steps-biological and/or physico-chemical-is presented and the significant role of process conditions to increase aroma yield is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Larroche
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique Biologique, Université Blaise Pascal, Aubière, France
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Rosenberg M, Tom�?ka M, Ka?uch J, ?urd�k E. Improved ethanol production from whey withSaccharomyces cerevisiae using permeabilized cells ofKluyveromyces marxianus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1002/abio.370150413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Norton S, Vuillemard JC. Food bioconversions and metabolite production using immobilized cell technology. Crit Rev Biotechnol 1994; 14:193-224. [PMID: 8069935 DOI: 10.3109/07388559409086968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
This review explores recent advances in the use of immobilized cells for the production of metabolites used in the food industry, such as enzymes, amino acids, organic acids, alcohols, aroma compounds, polysaccharides, and pigments. Some food bioconversions such as fermentation of soy sauce and various hydrolysis are also considered. Special emphasis was placed on existing or potential industrial processes. This article also reports the effects of the reactor (configuration and working conditions), the immobilized cell physiological status (growing, nongrowing, or permeabilized), and of the carrier type, configuration, and size on the performance of immobilized cell systems. Compared with free cell fermentation, the main advantage of using immobilized cells is an increase in productivity, particularly in the case of continuous fermentation. For monoenzymatic reactions, nongrowing immobilized cells are often reported to exhibit a higher stability than free or immobilized enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Norton
- Labatt Breweries of Canada, London, Ontario
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