1
|
Bindu V, Mohanan P. Thermal deactivation of α-amylase immobilized magnetic chitosan and its modified forms: A kinetic and thermodynamic study. Carbohydr Res 2020; 498:108185. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2020.108185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
|
2
|
Mostafa FA, Abdel Wahab WA, Salah HA, Nawwar GA, Esawy MA. Kinetic and thermodynamic characteristic of Aspergillus awamori EM66 levansucrase. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 119:232-239. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.07.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
3
|
Buß O, Rudat J, Ochsenreither K. FoldX as Protein Engineering Tool: Better Than Random Based Approaches? Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2018; 16:25-33. [PMID: 30275935 PMCID: PMC6158775 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Improving protein stability is an important goal for basic research as well as for clinical and industrial applications but no commonly accepted and widely used strategy for efficient engineering is known. Beside random approaches like error prone PCR or physical techniques to stabilize proteins, e.g. by immobilization, in silico approaches are gaining more attention to apply target-oriented mutagenesis. In this review different algorithms for the prediction of beneficial mutation sites to enhance protein stability are summarized and the advantages and disadvantages of FoldX are highlighted. The question whether the prediction of mutation sites by the algorithm FoldX is more accurate than random based approaches is addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Buß
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Section II: Technical Biology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Empirical manipulation of the thermoinactivation kinetics of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus licheniformis α-amylases for thermal process evaluations. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2016.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
5
|
Raspopova EA, Krasnoshtanova AA. Characterizing the properties and evaluating the efficiency of biocatalysts based on immobilized fungal amylase. CATALYSIS IN INDUSTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s2070050416010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
6
|
Aamir M, Ovissipour M, Sablani SS, Rasco B. Predicting the Quality of Pasteurized Vegetables Using Kinetic Models: A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE 2013; 2013:271271. [PMID: 26904594 PMCID: PMC4745515 DOI: 10.1155/2013/271271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A resurgence in interest examining thermal pasteurization technologies has been driven by demands for "cleaner" labeling and the need of organic and natural foods markets for suitable preventive measures to impede microbial growth and extend shelf life of minimally processed foods and ready-to-eat foods with a concomitant reduction in the use of chemical preservatives. This review describes the effects of thermal pasteurization on vegetable quality attributes including altering flavor and texture to improve consumer acceptability, stabilizing color, improving digestibility, palatability and retaining bioavailability of important nutrients, and bioactive compounds. Here, we provide kinetic parameters for inactivation of viral and bacterial pathogens and their surrogates and marker enzymes used to monitor process effectiveness in a variety of plant food items. Data on thermal processing protocols leading to higher retention and bioactivity are also presented. Thermal inactivation of foodborne viruses and pathogenic bacteria, specifically at lower pasteurization temperatures or via new technologies such as dielectric heating, can lead to greater retention of "fresh-like" properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Aamir
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6376, USA
| | | | - Shyam S. Sablani
- Department of Biological System Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6120, USA
| | - Barbara Rasco
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6376, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Immobilization of Tyrosinase on Chitosan - An Optimal Approach to Enhance the Productivity ofL-DOPA fromL-Tyrosine. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.200500053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
8
|
|
9
|
Abstract
This article surveys methods for the enzymatic conversion of starch, involving hydrolases and nonhydrolyzing enzymes, as well as the role of microorganisms producing such enzymes. The sources of the most common enzymes are listed. These starch conversions are also presented in relation to their applications in the food, pharmaceutical, pulp, textile, and other branches of industry. Some sections are devoted to the fermentation of starch to ethanol and other products, and to the production of cyclodextrins, along with the properties of these products. Light is also shed on the enzymes involved in the digestion of starch in human and animal organisms. Enzymatic processes acting on starch are useful in structural studies of the substrates and in understanding the characteristics of digesting enzymes. One section presents the application of enzymes to these problems. The information that is included covers the period from the early 19th century up to 2009.
Collapse
|
10
|
Esteban MD, Huertas JP, Fernández PS, Palop A. Effect of the medium characteristics and the heating and cooling rates on the nonisothermal heat resistance of Bacillus sporothermodurans IC4 spores. Food Microbiol 2012; 34:158-63. [PMID: 23498193 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2012.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Revised: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, highly thermo-resistant mesophilic spore-forming bacteria belonging to the species Bacillus sporothermodurans have caused non-sterility problems in industrial sterilization processes. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of the heating medium characteristics (pH and buffer/food) on the thermal inactivation of B. sporothermodurans spores when exposed to isothermal and non-isothermal heating and cooling treatments and the suitability of non-linear Weibull and Geeraaerd models to predict the survivors of these thermal treatments. Thermal treatments were carried out in pH 3, 5 and 7 McIlvaine buffer and in a courgette soup. Isothermal survival curves showed shoulders that were accurately characterized by means of both models. A clear effect of the pH of the heating medium was observed, decreasing the D120 value from pH 7 to pH 3 buffer down to one third. Differences in heat resistance were similar, regardless of the model used and were kept at all temperatures tested. The heat resistance in courgette soup was similar to that shown in pH 7 buffer. When the heat resistance values obtained under isothermal conditions were used to predict the survival in the non-isothermical experiments, the predictions estimated the experimental data quite accurately, both with Weibull and Geeraerd models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María-Dolores Esteban
- Departamento de Ingeniería de Alimentos y del Equipamiento Agrícola, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII 48, 30203 Cartagena, Murcia, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kumari A, Kayastha AM. Immobilization of soybean (Glycine max) α-amylase onto Chitosan and Amberlite MB-150 beads: Optimization and characterization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2010.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
12
|
Wang Y, Zhang YHP. Overexpression and simple purification of the Thermotoga maritima 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase in Escherichia coli and its application for NADPH regeneration. Microb Cell Fact 2009; 8:30. [PMID: 19497097 PMCID: PMC2701922 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-8-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2009] [Accepted: 06/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thermostable enzymes from thermophilic microorganisms are playing more and more important roles in molecular biology R&D and industrial applications. However, over-production of recombinant soluble proteins from thermophilic microorganisms in mesophilic hosts (e.g. E. coli) remains challenging sometimes. Results An open reading frame TM0438 from a hyperthermophilic bacterium Thermotoga maritima putatively encoding 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGDH) was cloned and expressed in E. coli. The purified protein was confirmed to have 6PGDH activity with a molecular mass of 53 kDa. The kcat of this enzyme was 325 s-1 and the Km values for 6-phosphogluconate, NADP+, and NAD+ were 11, 10 and 380 μM, respectively, at 80°C. This enzyme had half-life times of 48 and 140 h at 90 and 80°C, respectively. Through numerous approaches including expression vectors, hosts, cultivation conditions, inducers, and codon-optimization of the 6pgdh gene, the soluble 6PGDH expression levels were enhanced to ~250 mg per liter of culture by more than 500-fold. The recombinant 6PGDH accounted for >30% of total E. coli cellular proteins when lactose was used as a low-cost inducer. In addition, this enzyme coupled with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase for the first time was demonstrated to generate two moles of NADPH per mole of glucose-6-phosphate. Conclusion We have achieved a more than 500-fold improvement in the expression of soluble T. maritima 6PGDH in E. coli, characterized its basic biochemical properties, and demonstrated its applicability for NADPH regeneration by a new enzyme cocktail. The methodology for over-expression and simple purification of this thermostable protein would be useful for the production of other thermostable proteins in E. coli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Wang
- Biological Systems Engineering Department, 210-A Seitz Hall, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virgina 24061, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Eylen DV, Oey I, Hendrickx M, Loey AV. Effects of pressure/temperature treatments on stability and activity of endogenous broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. cv. Italica) myrosinase and on cell permeability. J FOOD ENG 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2008.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
14
|
Besselink T, Baks T, Janssen AE, Boom RM. A stochastic model for predicting dextrose equivalent and saccharide composition during hydrolysis of starch by α-amylase. Biotechnol Bioeng 2008; 100:684-97. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.21799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
15
|
Abstract
The major alpha-amylase in honey was characterized. The optimum pH range and temperature were determined for the enzyme as 4.6 to 5.3 and 55 degrees C, respectively. The enzyme was stable at pH values from 7 to 8. The half-lives of the purified enzyme at different temperatures were determined. The activation energy for heat inactivation of honey amylase was 114.6 kJ/mol. The enzyme exhibited Michaelis-Menten kinetics with soluble starch and gave KM and Vmax values of 0.72 mg/mL and 0.018 units/mL, respectively. The enzyme was inhibited by CuCl (34.3%), MgCl2 (22.4%), and HgCl2 (13.4%), while CaCl2, MnCl2, and ZnSO4 did not have any effect. Starch had a protective effect on thermal stability of honey amylase. Therefore, it might be critical to process or control the amylase in honey before incorporation into starch-containing foods to aid in the preservation of starch functionality. One step could involve heat treating honey with other ingredients, especially those that dilute and acidify the honey environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sibel Babacan
- Food Science Research Center, Univ. of Rhode Island, 530 Liberty Lane, West Kingston, RI 02892, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Immobilization of α-amylase from mung beans (Vigna radiata) on Amberlite MB 150 and chitosan beads: A comparative study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2007.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
17
|
Kumar RSS, Vishwanath K, Singh SA, Rao AA. Entrapment of α-amylase in alginate beads: Single step protocol for purification and thermal stabilization. Process Biochem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2006.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
18
|
Guiavarc'h Y, Van Loey A, Zuber F, Hendrickx M. Development characterization and use of a high-performance enzymatic time-temperature integrator for the control of sterilization process' impacts. Biotechnol Bioeng 2004; 88:15-25. [PMID: 15384039 DOI: 10.1002/bit.20183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A small sized single-component enzymatic time temperature integrator (TTI) was developed. It consisted of glass beads coated with Bacillus licheniformis alpha-amylase (BLA) and stabilizing additives in a dehydrated form. Post heating residual enzymatic activity was used as a response property of the TTI. Under isothermal conditions, different batches of the system were characterized by z(TTI)-values around 13.5 degrees C in the temperature range 100-130 degrees C as well as by their ability to provide a response within 5 min after thermal processing. When used under non-isothermal conditions in a model food (silicone spheres), the system allowed to measure process-values (zTTI)F(121.1 degrees C) up to 60 min with an average error of 10.9%. The capabilities of the system were validated in a real solid/liquid food matrix sterilized by retorting. The combination of F(TTI)-values with heat transfer simulations based on finite difference calculations allowed for the determination of process values, which evaluated actual process-values (10 degrees C)F(121.1 degrees C) up to 90 min with an average error of 11.4%. The good performances of the system as well as its easiness of preparation and use, make the latter a valuable biological device for thermal process assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yann Guiavarc'h
- Laboratory of Food Technology, Department of Food and Microbial Technology, Faculty of Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit te Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 23, B3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Raviyan P, Tang J, Rasco BA. Thermal stability of alpha-amylase from Aspergillus oryzae entrapped in polyacrylamide gel. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2003; 51:5462-5466. [PMID: 12926898 DOI: 10.1021/jf020906j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
To determine the suitability as a time-temperature indicator for dielectric pasteurization processes, the thermal stability (50-75 degrees C) of Aspergillus oryzae alpha-amylase immobilized in polyacrylamide gel in phosphate buffer, mashed potatoes, and minced shrimp was examined. Changing the cross-linking agent concentration from 3.3 to 5.3% and adding 2% salt did not markedly affect the thermal stability of the immobilized alpha-amylase. Thermal inactivation was first order, and immobilization generally improved the thermal stability of alpha-amylase. z values of the immobilized system in test food systems were 10.2 degrees C (phosphate buffer), 8.45 degrees C (minced shrimp), and 7.78 degrees C (mashed potatoes).
Collapse
|
20
|
Orta-Ramirez A, Smith DM. Thermal inactivation of pathogens and verification of adequate cooking in meat and poultry products. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2002; 44:147-94. [PMID: 11885136 DOI: 10.1016/s1043-4526(02)44004-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Orta-Ramirez
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1224, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Orta-Ramirez A, Merrill JE, Smith DM. Sucrose, sodium dodecyl sulfate, urea, and 2-mercaptoethanol affect the thermal inactivation of R-phycoerythrin. J Food Prot 2001; 64:1806-11. [PMID: 11726163 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-64.11.1806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Thermal inactivation kinetics (D- and z-values) of the algal protein, R-phycoerythrin (R-PE), were studied under different buffer conditions (pH 4.0, 7.0, and 10.0) and concentrations of sucrose, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), urea, and 2-mercaptoethanol (ME). R-PE solutions were heated in capillary tubes at temperatures between 40 and 90 degrees C depending on buffer conditions. Thermal inactivation parameters for R-PE, calculated on the basis of fluorescence loss, were modified by addition of chemicals. Overall, sucrose and ME had a thermostabilizing effect, while SDS and urea decreased thermal stability of R-PE. The z-values ranged from 5.9 degrees C in 50 mM NaCl, 20 mM glycine buffer, pH 10.0, to 37.8 degrees C in 60% sucrose, 50 mM NaCl, 20 mM phosphate buffer, pH 7.0. The z-values obtained for R-PE closely matched the z-values of some target microorganisms in food processes, suggesting R-PE might be used as a time-temperature integrator to verify thermal processing adequacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Orta-Ramirez
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824-1224, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Influence of pH on the Thermal Inactivation Kinetics of Horseradish Peroxidase in Aqueous Solution. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2000. [DOI: 10.1006/fstl.2000.0694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
23
|
Nath S. A rapid method for determining kinetic parameters of enzymes exhibiting nonlinear thermal inactivation bahavior. Biotechnol Bioeng 2000; 49:106-10. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0290(19960105)49:1<106::aid-bit14>3.0.co;2-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
24
|
Ludikhuyze L, Ooms V, Weemaes C, Hendrickx M. Kinetic study of the irreversible thermal and pressure inactivation of myrosinase from broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. Cv. italica). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 1999; 47:1794-1800. [PMID: 10552454 DOI: 10.1021/jf980964y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Thermal and pressure inactivation of myrosinase from broccoli was kinetically investigated. Thermal inactivation proceeded in the temperature range 30-60 degrees C. These results indicate that myrosinase is rather thermolabile, as compared to other food quality related enzymes such as polyphenol oxidase, lipoxygenase, pectinmethylesterase, and peroxidase. In addition, a consecutive step model was shown to be efficient in modeling the inactivation curves. Two possible inactivation mechanisms corresponding to the consecutive step model were postulated. Pressure inactivation at 20 degrees C occurred at pressures between 200 and 450 MPa. In addition to its thermal sensitivity, the enzyme likewise is rather pressure sensitive as compared to the above-mentioned food quality related enzymes. By analogy with thermal inactivation, a consecutive step model could adequately describe pressure inactivation curves. At 35 degrees C, pressure inactivation was studied in the range between 0. 1 and 450 MPa. Application of low pressure (<350 MPa) resulted in retardation of thermal inactivation, indicating an antagonistic or protective effect of low pressure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Ludikhuyze
- Department of Food and Microbial Technology, Faculty of Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Marchal LM, Jonkers J, Franke GT, de Gooijer CD, Tramper J. The effect of process conditions on the alpha-amylolytic hydrolysis of amylopectin potato starch: An experimental design approach. Biotechnol Bioeng 1999; 62:348-57. [PMID: 10099546 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0290(19990205)62:3<348::aid-bit11>3.0.co;2-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The hydrolysis of amylopectin potato starch with Bacillus licheniformis alpha-amylase (Maxamyl) was studied under industrially relevant conditions (i.e. high dry-weight concentrations). The following ranges of process conditions were chosen and investigated by means of an experimental design: pH [5.6-7.6]; calcium addition [0-120 microg/g]; temperature [63-97 degrees C]; dry-weight concentration [3-37% [w/w]]; enzyme dosage [27.6-372.4 microL/kg] and stirring [0-200 rpm]. The rate of hydrolysis was followed as a function of the theoretical dextrose equivalent. The highest rate (at a dextrose equivalent of 10) was observed at high temperature (90 degrees C) and low pH (6). At a higher pH (7.2), the maximum temperature of hydrolysis shifted to a lower value. Also, high levels of calcium resulted in a decrease of the maximum temperature of hydrolysis. The pH, temperature, and the amount of enzyme added showed interactive effects on the observed rate of hydrolysis. No product or substrate inhibition was observed. Stirring did not effect the rate of hydrolysis. The oligosaccharide composition after hydrolysis (at a certain dextrose equivalent) did depend on the reaction temperature. The level of maltopentaose [15-24% [w/w]], a major product of starch hydrolysis by B. licheniformis alpha-amylase, was influenced mostly by temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L M Marchal
- Food and Bioprocess Engineering, Department of Food Technology and Nutritional Sciences, Wageningen Agricultural University, Bomenweg 2, 6703 HD Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Igarashi K, Hatada Y, Ikawa K, Araki H, Ozawa T, Kobayashi T, Ozaki K, Ito S. Improved thermostability of a Bacillus alpha-amylase by deletion of an arginine-glycine residue is caused by enhanced calcium binding. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1998; 248:372-7. [PMID: 9675143 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1998.8970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
alpha-Amylase from alkaliphilic Bacillus KSM-1378 (LAMY) is a novel semi-alkaline enzyme which has a high specific activity, a value 5-fold higher than that of a Bacillus licheniformis enzyme at alkaline pH. Thermostability of this enzyme could be improved by deletion of the Arg181-Gly182 residue by means of site-directed mutagenesis. The wild-type and engineered LAMYs were very similar with respect to specific activity, pH-activity curve, temperature-activity curve, susceptibility to inhibitors, and pattern of hydrolysis products from soluble starch and maltooligosaccharides. However, the engineered enzyme also acquired increased pH stability and resistance to sodium dodecyl sulfate and especially chelating reagents, such as ethylenediaminetetraacetate and ethyleneglycol-bis (beta-aminoethylether)tetraacetate. This is the first report that thermostability of alpha-amylase is improved by enhanced calcium binding to the enzyme molecule.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Igarashi
- Tochigi Research Laboratories of Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai, Haga, Tochigi, 321-3497, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Aksoy S, Tumturk H, Hasirci N. Stability of alpha-amylase immobilized on poly(methyl methacrylate-acrylic acid) microspheres. J Biotechnol 1998; 60:37-46. [PMID: 9571800 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1656(97)00179-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Poly(methyl methacrylate-acrylic acid) microspheres were prepared and the acid groups were activated by using either carbodiimide (CDI) or thionyl chloride (SOCl2). alpha-Amylase was covalently bound on these activated microspheres. The properties of the immobilized enzyme were investigated and compared with those of the free enzyme. The relative activities were found to be 80.4 and 67.5% for carbodiimide and thionyl chloride bound enzymes, respectively. Maximum activities were obtained at lower pHs and higher temperatures upon immobilization compared to free enzyme. No change in Vmax and approximately 12-fold increase in K(m) were observed for immobilized enzymes. The enzyme activities, after storage for 1 month, were found to be 24.5 and 52.5% of the initial activity values for CDI and SOCl2 activated matrices, respectively. On the other hand the free enzyme lost its activity completely in 20 days. Immobilization, storage stability and repeated use capability experiments carried out in the presence of Ca2+ ions demonstrated higher stability, such as SOCl2 immobilized enzyme retained 83.7% and CDI immobilized enzyme retained 90.3% of the original activity of the enzyme. The immobilized enzymes that were used 20 times in 3 days in repeated batch experiments demonstrated that, in the absence of Ca2+ ions about 75% and in the presence of Ca2+ ions greater than 90% of the original enzyme activity was retained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Aksoy
- Department of Chemistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ivanova V, Dobreva E, Legoy MD. Characteristics of immobilized thermostable amylases from twoBacillus licheniformis strains. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/abio.370180408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
29
|
Weemaes C, de Cordt S, Goossens K, Ludikhuyze L, Hendrickx M, Heremans K, Tobback P. High pressure, thermal, and combined pressure–temperature stabilities of α-amylases fromBacillus species. Biotechnol Bioeng 1996; 50:49-56. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0290(19960405)50:1<49::aid-bit6>3.0.co;2-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
30
|
Ariga O, Suzuki T, Sano Y, Murakami Y. Immobilization of a thermostable enzyme using a sol-gel preparation method. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0922-338x(96)89147-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
|
31
|
Gandhi NN, Sawant SB, Joshi JB, Mukesh D. Lipozyme deactivation by butanol and temperature. Enzyme Microb Technol 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0141-0229(94)00073-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
32
|
Hendrickx M, Maesmans G, De Cordt S, Noronha J, Van Loey A, Tobback P. Evaluation of the integrated time-temperature effect in thermal processing of foods. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 1995; 35:231-62. [PMID: 7632355 DOI: 10.1080/10408399509527700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In this review, current methods used to evaluate the integrated impact of time and temperature upon preserving a food product by a heat treatment are considered. After identifying the basic premise any preservation scheme shall meet, the central role of a feasible description for the heat activation kinetics of microorganisms, their spores, and other quality attributes are stressed. Common concepts to quantify a thermal process are presented. Shortcomings of the prevalent evaluation methods are highlighted and attention is given to the development, restrictions, and possibilities of time-temperature-integrators as "new" evaluation tools to measure the impact of a "classical" in-pack heat treatment and more modern heating techniques such as continuous processing of solid/liquid mixtures on foods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Hendrickx
- Katholieke Universiteit te Leuven, Faculty of Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ray RR, Jana SC, Nanda G. Biochemical approaches of increasing thermostability of beta-amylase from Bacillus megaterium B6. FEBS Lett 1994; 356:30-2. [PMID: 7988714 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(94)01227-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Studies on the irreversible thermoinactivation of beta-amylase from Bacillus megaterium B6 exposed to 60 degrees C revealed that the deactivation mechanism probably results from the oxidation of thiols present at the active site of the enzyme. Several attempts were made to increase its thermostability, which indicated that Mn2+ played a key role in determining thermostability and partially reactivating the inactivated enzyme. Immobilization of beta-amylase through gel-entrapment and covalent crosslinking brought about a remarkable increase in thermotolerance with about a 14-fold increase in catalytic half-life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R R Ray
- Department of Microbiology, Bose Institute, Calcutta, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
De Cordt S, Avila I, Hendrickx M, Tobback P. DSC and protein-based time-temperature integrators: Case study of ?-amylase stabilized by polyols and/or sugar. Biotechnol Bioeng 1994; 44:859-65. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.260440712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
35
|
Biofunctional membranes Part IV. Active-site structure and stability of an immobilized enzyme, papain, on modified polysulfone membranes studied by electron paramagnetic resonance and kinetics. J Memb Sci 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0376-7388(94)00044-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
36
|
De Cordt SF, Hendrickx ME, Maesmans GJ, Tobback PP. Convenience of immobilized Bacillus licheniformis alpha-amylase as time-temperature-integrator (TTI). JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY (OXFORD, OXFORDSHIRE : 1986) 1994; 59:193-199. [PMID: 7764538 DOI: 10.1002/jctb.280590211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
For the immobilization of Bacillus licheniformis alpha-amylase to porous glass beads, the performances of three possible linking agents, glutaric dialdehyde, benzoquinone and s-trichlorotriazine were assessed in respect of the protein yield, the enzymic activity and the thermostability of the immobilized enzyme. These three properties are to be evaluated in view of the possible use of the enzyme preparations as time-temperature-integrators (TTIs) for assessing the severity of heat pasteurization or sterilization processes of food or pharmaceuticals. All three linkers improved the enzyme's resistance to irreversible heat inactivation to a similar extent and in each case biphasic inactivation kinetics were observed, whereas the dissolved B. licheniformis alpha-amylase showed a simple first order decay. The immobilization yield, measured as protein per carrier weight, did not differ markedly for the three linkers, although the enzymic activity of the glutaric dialdehyde-linked enzyme was lower than that of the benzoquinone- and s-trichlorotriazine-linked preparations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S F De Cordt
- Centre of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit te Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
de Cordt S, Hendrickx M, Maesmans G, Tobback P. The influence of polyalcohols and carbohydrates on the thermostability of ?-amylase. Biotechnol Bioeng 1994; 43:107-14. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.260430202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
38
|
Ivanova V, Dobreva E. Catalytic properties of immobilized purified thermostable α-amylase from Bacillus licheniformis 44MB82-A. Process Biochem 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0032-9592(94)80026-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
39
|
Changing the Thermostability of Bacillus Licheniformis α-amylase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-89372-7.50034-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
|